CEN - European Committee for Standardization

This document specifies a method for the measurement of focal spot sizes within the range of 5 µm to 300 µm of X-ray systems up to and including 225 kV tube voltage. This determination is based on the evaluation of an image with a dedicated focal spot that has been radiographically recorded using an edge and evaluated with a digital method.
The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular its size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane.
For the characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the nominal values of Annex A are preferred.
NOTE            The same procedure can be used at higher kilovoltages by agreement but the accuracy of the measurement can be poorer.

This document specifies the chemical composition limits of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys and form of products.
NOTE   The chemical composition limits of aluminium and aluminium alloys specified herein are completely identical with those registered with the Aluminium Association, 1525, Wilson Boulevard, Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22209, USA, for the corresponding alloys.

This document specifies the terminology, classification and the methods that are used for the grading and description of single unmounted polished diamonds over 0,25 carat (ct).
This document applies to natural, unmounted, polished diamonds. It is not to be used for fancy coloured diamonds, synthetic diamonds, treated diamonds (other than is allowed for in 7.4), nor for assembled stones.

This document specifies a method for the determination of sulfur in non-oxidic ceramic raw materials and ceramic materials, which are completely oxidized at a higher temperature in an oxygen atmosphere, e.g. carbon and graphite materials.
For materials which are not completely oxidizable under these conditions, it is possible to determine sulfur that can be released under these conditions, e.g. the adherent sulfur.
This document is applicable for materials with mass fractions of sulfur ≤ 10 % and mass fractions of ash < 20 %, The defined method is limited for materials with mass fractions of barium < 10 mg/kg, because the sulfur bonded in barium sulfate is not detectable with this method.
For the lower detection limit of this method, a mass fraction of sulfur of 0,5 mg/kg in the case of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and 5 mg/kg in the case of ion chromatography (IC) can be considered as a practical value.

(1) This document provides provisions for the assessment of existing structures, including geotechnical structures, and the general principles for interventions, to be used in conjunction with prEN 1990-1.
NOTE This document is based on the general requirements and principles of structural reliability provided in prEN 1990-1.
(2) Unless otherwise specified, prEN 1990-1 applies.
(3) This document covers general principles regarding actions for assessment, complementing EN 1991 (all parts).
NOTE Provisions for seismic actions due to earthquake are provided in EN 1998-3.
(4) This document does not cover the design of new structural parts that will be integrated into an existing structure.
NOTE For the design of new structural parts, see prEN 1990-1.
(5) This document does not provide:
— specific rules for initiation of assessment;
— specific rules on how to undertake interventions that may be carried out as a result of an assessment;
— material-specific technical provisions for existing structures;
— provisions for seismic assessment and retrofitting of existing structures.
NOTE For provisions for seismic assessment and retrofitting of existing structures, see EN 1998-3.

This document specifies linear spline filters for the filtration of surface profiles. It defines, in particular, how to separate large- and small-scale lateral components of surface profiles.
The concepts presented for closed profiles are applicable to the case of roundness filtration. Where appropriate, these concepts can be extended to generalized closed profiles, especially for surface profiles with re-entrant features.
Examples for the application of the spline filter are given in Annex A. The influence of the tension parameter  on the large-scale lateral component of the profile is shown in Annex B.

1.1   Scope of EN 1991-1-4
(1) This document gives rules for the determination of natural wind actions for the structural design of building and civil engineering works for each of the loaded areas under consideration. This includes actions applied to the whole structure or parts of it, as well as wind-exposed elements attached to the structure.
(2) This document is applicable to:
-   buildings and other civil engineering works with heights up to 200 m;
-   guyed masts, other open lattice structures and chimneys with heights up to 300 m;
-   bridges having no span greater than 200 m.
(3) The rules contained in this document allow the evaluation of characteristic wind actions on land-based structures.
(4) This document is applicable to offshore coastal structures.
NOTE   Additional or amended provisions can be necessary.
(5) This document does not give guidance on non-synoptic winds (e.g. thunderstorms, downbursts, microbursts, tornadoes, etc.), mixed wind climates, nor does it give guidance on how to account for local effects (e.g. thermal effects, funnelling, strong arctic thermal surface inversion, etc.).
(6) This document addresses simplified procedures for dynamic effects, mostly based on the assumption of a dominant single-mode response (see Annex E, Annex F and Annex G). General criteria for performing a full dynamic analysis under aerodynamic excitation are not treated in this document.
(7) Wind pressure effects of passing vehicles are outside the scope of this document.
NOTE   See EN 1991 2 for wind effects from passing trains.
8) This document also provides guidance on wind tunnel testing and numerical modelling which can be needed or desirable when the shape or structural behaviour are unusual or do not strictly fall within the rules of the document, or in cases of unusual orography or other surroundings.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The assumptions given in EN 1990-1:2023+A1:2026, 1.2 apply.

1.1   Scope of EN 1994-1-1
(1) EN 1994-1-1 gives general rules for the design of steel and concrete composite structures and supplementary provisions specific for buildings.
NOTE   Specific rules for bridges are given in EN 1994-2.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply to EN 1994-1-1.
(2) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990-1, the assumptions given in EN 1992-1-1, EN 1992-1-2, and EN 1993-1-1 apply to this document.
(3) EN 1994-1-1 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990-1, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1992-1-1, EN 1993 (all parts), EN 1997 (all parts), EN 1998 (all parts when steel and concrete composite structures are built in seismic regions), EN 1090-1, EN 1090-2, EN 1090-4, EN 13670 and ENs for construction products relevant to steel and concrete composite structures.

1.1   Scope of EN 1991-3
(1) EN 1991-3 defines actions imposed by cranes and other machines including dynamic effects, if relevant, for the structural design of crane or machine supporting structures.
(2) EN 1991-3 provides guidance on crane classification in terms of dynamic factors and fatigue actions.
(3) EN 1991-3 applies to supporting structures of
—   bridge cranes, gantry cranes and wall cranes travelling on fixed runways;
—   fixed machines that cause a harmonic dynamic loading on fixed supporting structures.
(4) The principles provided in EN 1991-3 can be applied also to determine actions on supporting structures of cranes other than those referred to in (3).
(5) EN 1991-3 does not provide partial factors for actions.
NOTE    For partial factors for actions, see EN 1990-1:2023+A1:2026, Clause A.5.
(6) EN 1991-3 does not provide actions or provisions for the design of cranes and machines.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The general assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply.
(2) The design of structures supporting cranes or machines is undertaken using information on actions provided by the manufacturer of the crane or machine.

1.1   Scope of prEN 1991-1-6
(1) prEN 1991-1-6 provides guidance and general rules on the determination of actions relevant for the design of buildings and civil engineering works, including geotechnical structures, for their execution stage.
NOTE   Actions for design during execution include those that only arise from execution activities and act during execution, termed construction actions (for example personnel and hand tools, auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution), and others that are present during the service life of the completed structure (for example self-weight, wind, etc.) but which can act differently and/or have different values during execution.
(2) prEN 1991-1-6 provides guidance and general rules for the determination of actions for the design of auxiliary structures, elements and equipment used during execution in case they are designed to the Eurocodes and not to other European Standards.
NOTE   Other European Standards (e.g. EN 12810, EN 12811, EN 12812) provide specific rules for certain types of auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution.
(3) prEN 1991-1-6 gives rules for buildings and bridges during execution to supplement the provisions in EN 1990.
NOTE   For combination rules for execution, see EN 1990.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The general assumptions given in EN 1990 apply.
(2) The application of this document follows the limit state principle and is based on the partial factor method, unless explicitly prescribed differently.
(3) The verification of buildings and civil engineering structures in transient design situations is undertaken in accordance with the Eurocodes, accounting for the interaction with any auxiliary structures, elements and/or equipment.
(4) When using European product standards covering auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution, it is assumed that the design basis, design requirements and, if provided, the safety and operational design limits specified in these product standards are taken into account.
(5) Adequate planning, documentation, communication, control and supervision are provided during execution, involving all relevant parties.
NOTE   Execution of a structure can involve interaction between several parties from diverse engineering fields, responsible for the design, fabrication, transportation and execution of different subsystems used during the execution of a structure.

1.1   Scope of EN 1995-2
(1) This document gives general design rules for the structural parts of bridges, i.e. structural members of importance for the reliability of the whole bridge or major parts of it, made of timber or other wood-based materials, either singly or compositely with concrete, steel or other materials.
(2) Prestressed timber-concrete composite (TCC) members are not covered by this document. The design of stress-laminated timber decks used as part of a TCC system is covered.
(3) Systems which rely on friction between wood and concrete are not covered by this document.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document.
(2) It is assumed that the requirements for execution given in EN 1995 3 are complied with.

This document specifies the requirements and provides guidance for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an AI management system within the context of an organization.
This document is intended for use by an organization providing or using products or services that utilize AI systems. This document helps the organization develop or use AI systems responsibly in pursuing its objectives and meet applicable regulatory requirements, obligations related to interested parties and expectations from them.
This document is applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type and nature, that provides or uses products or services that utilize AI systems.

This document specifies a method for the determination of sulfur in non-oxidic ceramic raw materials and ceramic materials, such as silicon carbides, silicon nitrides, graphites, carbon blacks, cokes, carbon powders. If demonstrated by the recovery rate, this document can also be applied for other non-metallic powdered and granular materials, e.g. silicon dioxide.
This document is applicable for materials with mass fractions of sulfur from 0,005 % to 2 %.
This document can also be applied for materials with higher mass fractions of sulfur after verification of the particular case.

This document gives guidance for the assessment of conformity of materials, products, joints and assemblies in accordance with the applicable part(s) of the EN 1852 series intended to be included in the manufacturer’s quality plan as part of the quality management system and for the establishment of certification procedures.
NOTE 1   The quality management system is expected to conform to or be no less stringent than the relevant requirements in EN ISO 9001 [1].
NOTE 2   If third-party certification is involved, the certification body is expected be accredited to EN ISO/IEC 17065 [2] or the EN ISO/IEC 17021 series [3], as applicable.
NOTE 3   In order to help the reader, a basic test matrix is given in Annex A.
In conjunction with EN 1852 1 this document is applicable to solid wall piping systems made of polypropylene (PP) intended to be used for:
—   non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage outside the building structure (application area code “U”), and
—   non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage for both buried in ground within the building structure (application area code “D”) and outside the building structure.
This is reflected in the marking of products by “U” and “UD”.

This document specifies sample preparation methods to determine the size distribution of separate particles of a single pigment or extender, which is dispersed in a liquid by application of a standardized dispersion procedure, using an ultrasonic device, shaker device or wet jet mill.
The sample preparation methods described are optimized for measurements carried out with a particle sizing technique based on sedimentation. This technique relies on particle migration due to gravitation or centrifugal forces and requires a density contrast between the particles and the liquid phase.

ISO 8653:2016 specifies a method to measure the ring-size using a ring stick with defined characteristics, which is mainly used during manufacturing steps, and specifies the designation of the ring-size.
NOTE For jeweller-consumer relationships, the finger size is measured with a finger gauge set made up of a ring for each size with the same diameter and tolerance than the ring stick ones.

This document describes a non-destructive method to verify (confirm) the precious metal fineness of finished and semifinished jewellery item(s) considered homogeneous by ED-XRF (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence), including alloys according to ISO 9202.
This document is not suitable for any coated items. WD-XRF (wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence) equipment cannot be used.

This document specifies the requirements, test methods, inspection, marking, packaging, transportation, storage, quality certificate and the order (or contract) information of one kilogram gold bars.
This document is applicable to one-kilogram cast gold bars produced for investment markets or industrial (jewellery, electronic) markets.

This document applies to gas appliances intended for outdoor use capable of working with gases of the second family or second and third family.
This document does not apply to appliances intended for commercial purposes.
The scope of this document is the same as the scope of the product standards developed by the European Technical Committee CEN/TC 181 covering the same type of appliance but limited to the use of liquefied petroleum gases, hereinafter referred to as ‘the product standard’.
This standard is applicable in addition to the product standards developed by CEN/TC 181 covering LPG dedicated appliances. For example, the product standards are:
-   for an independent cooktop: EN 484;
-   for multi-purpose boiling burners: EN 497;
-   for a barbecue or griddle: EN 498;
-   for a patio heater: EN 14543;
-   flueless non-domestic space heaters: EN 461.
This document does not apply to appliances under the scope of EN 449.
This document does not apply to appliances fitted with a gas pressure governor.
This document specifies the manufacturing, and marking requirements and establish the testing method of appliances prior to their placing on the market and during further assessments.
This document does not apply for changing the appliance category of an appliance already put on the market.
This document specifies the modifications of the appliances allowed to change the type of gas to be used depending of its gas category.
This document does not apply to appliances burning liquefied petroleum gases at the vapour pressure within the gas cartridge or gas cylinder.

This document is applicable to free access unsupervised multi-sports equipment and combinations intended for permanent installation, primarily used for training, recreational and educational use outdoors.
This document specifies requirements for free access unsupervised multi-sports equipment which can incorporate a multi-sports surround, ball stop screen and various equipment for sports such as badminton, basketball, football, futsal, handball, hockey, tennis, and volleyball.
This document specifies requirements, including safety, for the equipment itself as well as for its installation, operation, inspection, and maintenance. This document is applicable to multi-sports equipment intended for individual and collective public use primarily by children and teenagers.
This document is not applicable to equipment as defined in the following standards:
—   Playground equipment and surfacing EN 1176 series,
—   Skateparks EN 14974,
—   Artificial climbing structures EN 12572 series,
—   Basketball equipment EN 1270,
—   Volleyball equipment EN 1271,
—   Football goals EN 748,
—   Handball goals EN 749,
—   Hockey goals EN 750,
—   Table tennis EN 14468-1 and EN 14468-2,
—   Tennis equipment EN 1510,
—   Badminton equipment EN 1509,
—   Portable and permanent socketed goals EN 16579,
—   Lightweight goals EN 16664,
—   Parkour equipment EN 16899 and
—   Permanently installed outdoor fitness equipment EN 16630.
This document does not deal with beach equipment, the ground surfaces, the local environment, and any feature outside the multi-sports equipment. This document does not include any specific requirements other than for access and egress for disabled users.

1.1      Scope of EN 1991 1 8
(1) EN 1991 1 8 gives principles and rules to determine the values of wave and current actions on structures and civil engineering works in the coastal zone, i.e. works connected to, or in close vicinity to the shore.
NOTE 1   Provisions in EN 1991 1 8 are limited to hydrodynamic actions that can be directly quantified in terms of wave and/or current induced pressures and associated forces and moments on structures or structural parts.
NOTE 2   As opposed to offshore conditions, waves or currents in the coastal zone are generally affected by the presence of the seabed or shore.
NOTE 3   The coastal zone is typically defined as the area between the shoreline and the deep-water limit.
(2) EN 1991 1 8 describes the principles for defining the hydrodynamic conditions to be used for design, including sea water levels.
(3) EN 1991 1 8 addresses specifically actions from currents and waves on the following structure types:
—   cylindrical structures;
—   subsea pipelines;
—   suspended decks;
—   vertical face structures;
—   permanently moored floating structures.
NOTE 1   Additional guidance can be needed for:
—   moored structures in the coastal zone for renewable energy production or related to oil and gas production or processing;
—   moored structures spanning areas with variable wave and current states (e.g. floating aquaculture farms or floating bridges).
NOTE 2   For hydraulic pressures caused by quasi-static water levels, and ground water, see EN 1997 (all parts).
(4) Actions addressed in EN 1991 1 8 do not cover:
—   hydraulic resonance in sheltered areas or basins (phenomena also known as harbour resonance);
—   translation waves, e.g. tsunamis;
—   waves and currents induced by maritime operations, i.e. vessel wake, berthing and mooring;
—   hydrodynamic actions induced by earthquakes;
—   ice-induced pressures and forces;
—   coastal structures where flood risk and/or erosion or sediment management is the dominant function.
1.2      Assumptions
(1) The assumptions given in EN 1990 apply to this document.
(2) In addition, it is assumed that actions from waves and currents on coastal structures are determined by personnel appropriately qualified and experienced in the following fields:
a)   physical coastal environment including physics of waves and currents, statistical properties and propagation of such;
b)   marine hydrodynamics, wave and current interaction with structures in general and wave and current actions on structures in the coastal zone including i) fixed structures, and ii) floating structures;
c)   advanced methods including probabilistic methodology and physical model testing.

1.1   Scope of EN 1993-6
(1) EN 1993-6 provides rules for structural design of crane supporting structures.
(2) EN 1993-6 is applicable to crane supporting structures, especially to indoor and outdoor overhead crane runway beams, of:
a)   overhead travelling cranes, either:
—   top-mounted cranes;
—   underslung cranes;
b)   monorail hoist blocks.
NOTE   The principles of the design rules can be applied to supporting structures of other types of cranes making due allowance for differences in the crane-induced actions, if exist. For example, the design rules for supporting structures of the cranes listed in (2) assume that the horizontal crane loads occur randomly scattered along the runways in general. This assumption does not apply to other cranes such as travelling wall jib cranes.
(3) EN 1993-6 does not apply to the tracks and suspensions of light crane systems conforming to EN 16851, see Figure 1.1.
NOTE   The standardized tracks and suspensions of light crane systems are considered as parts of the crane.
[Figure 1.1 — Light crane system]
(4) Additional rules are given for ancillary runway items including crane rails, structural end stops, surge connectors and surge girders and for runway supporting structures.
(5) EN 1993-6 does not apply to cranes and all other moving parts.
NOTE   Provisions for cranes are given in EN 13001 (all parts) in general and for bridge and gantry cranes in EN 15011 in particular.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990-1, EN 1991 (all parts)   and EN 1993-1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-6 are applicable if
—   the execution quality and tolerances are as specified in EN 1090-2, and;
—   the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(3) Following interfaces between hoisting device and its supporting structure are assumed:
a)   the top of crane rail for top-mounted cranes;
b)   the top of flange on which the crane or hoist block operates for underslung cranes and monorail hoist blocks;
c)   the support points as shown in Figure 1.1 for light crane systems.

This document is applicable to ozone used for treatment of water for swimming pools and spas. It describes the composition of ozone. It gives information on its use in swimming pool and spas water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use (see Annex B).

This document specifies basic requirements for the braking of trains hauled by locomotives.
This document is applicable for trains hauled by locomotives and vehicles intended for use in general operation or in fixed or predefined formation.
NOTE   This ensures technical compatibility of the brake function between vehicles of various origins in a train (see 5.4).
If concerned, the EN-UIC brake architecture described in this document (see 5.4) is also applicable to brakes for multiple unit train and high speed trains and urban rail described in the EN 16185 series and the EN 15734 series and the EN 13452 series respectively.
This document also takes into account electrical and electronic control functions and additional brake systems like dynamic brakes and adhesion independent brakes.
The brake system requirements, which are specific for railbound construction and maintenance machines are set out in EN 14033-1.

This document specifies a method for the determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) derived by transesterification or esterification from fats, oils, and fatty acids by capillary gas chromatography (GLC). FAMEs from C4 to C24 can be separated using this document including saturated FAMEs, cis- and trans-monounsaturated FAMEs, and cis- and trans-polyunsaturated FAMEs.
This document is applicable to crude, refined, partially hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated fats, oils and fatty acids derived from animal and vegetable sources, and fats extracted from foodstuff.
This document does not apply to milk and milk products (or fat coming from milk and milk products) or products supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA).
This document does not apply to di-, tri-, polymerized, hydroxylated and oxidized fatty acids, and fats and oils.
A method for the determination of the composition of FAMEs expressed by area % in liquid vegetable oils is proposed in Annex E.

This European Standard establishes a semantic data model of the core elements of an electronic invoice. The semantic model includes only the essential information elements that an electronic invoice needs to ensure legal (including fiscal) compliance and to enable interoperability for cross-border, cross sector and for domestic trade. The semantic model may be used by organizations in the private and the public sector for public procurement invoicing. It may also be used for invoicing between private sector enterprises. It has not been specifically designed for invoicing consumers.
This European Standard complies at least with the following criteria:
-   it is technologically neutral;
-   it is compatible with relevant international standards on electronic invoicing;
-   the application of this standard should comply with the requirements for the protection of personal data of Directive 95/46/EC, having due regard to the principles of privacy and data protection by-design, data minimization, purpose limitation, necessity and proportionality;
-   it is consistent with the relevant provisions of Directive 2006/112/EC [2];
-   it allows for the establishment of practical, user-friendly, flexible and cost-efficient electronic invoicing systems;
-   it takes into account the special needs of small and medium-sized enterprises as well as of sub-central contracting authorities and contracting entities;
-   it is suitable for use in commercial transactions between enterprises.

EN 1994-2 gives design rules for steel-concrete composite bridges or members of bridges, supplementary to the general rules given in EN 1994-1-1.

This document specifies the precious metal content in solders suitable for use in the production of jewellery made of precious metal alloys.

This document defines terms and definitions used in the process chain for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems in dentistry.
NOTE: See Annex A for a flow chart of the process chain.

1.1   Scope of FprEN 1993 2
(1) This document provides rules for the structural design of steel bridges and steel parts of steel-concrete composite bridges.
(2) This document is applicable to the resistance, serviceability and durability of steel bridge structures.
(3) The design of tension components and related parts is covered by EN 1993 1 11.
NOTE   For the design of hangers for tied-arch bridges, additional provisions are given in Annex A.
(4) Supplementary requirements for seismic design are given in EN 1998 2.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1998 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in FprEN 1993 2 are applicable if:
-   the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 2 and EN 1090 4, and
-   the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993, or in the relevant material and product specifications.

This document specifies requirements for three types of helical-thermoplastic-reinforced thermoplastics hoses for suction and discharge of water, weak aqueous chemical solutions and abrasive solids and slurries, for use in the ambient temperature range from −10 °C to 55 °C.
This document does not specify requirements for use with flammable or combustible materials, nor with aromatic solvents.

This document specifies a method for the selective enumeration of bifidobacteria in milk products by using a colony-count technique at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions.
The method is applicable to milk products, such as fermented (e.g. yoghurts) and non-fermented milks (e.g. pasteurized milks, skim milks, whey protein concentrates), milk powders and formulae (e.g. infant formulae, follow-up formulae for older infants, products for young children) where these microorganisms are present and viable, in combination with other lactic acid bacteria or alone. The method is also applicable to starter and probiotic cultures. For proposed quality criteria of dairy products, see, for example, CXS 243-2003.
Bifidobacteria used in milk products usually belong to the following species (e.g. References [7] and [10]):
—     Bifidobacterium adolescentis;
—     B. animalis subsp. animalis;
—     B. animalis subsp. lactis;
—     B. bifidum;
—     B. breve;
—     B. longum subsp. infantis;
—     B. longum subsp. longum.

EN 1998-1-2 is applicable to the design and verification of new buildings and temporary structures in seismic regions.

1.1   Scope of EN 1993-1-11
(1) EN 1993-1-11 provides rules for structural design of tension components made of steel, in addition to other parts of EN 1993, for use in structures made of steel or other materials such as concrete, steel-concrete composite and timber.
(2) EN 1993-1-11 covers the resistance, serviceability and durability of steel tension elements.
(3) The following items/aspects are outside the scope of EN 1993-1-11:
—   pre- or post-tensioned systems in accordance with EN 1992-1-1;
—   reinforcing steel as part of a concrete structure in accordance with EN 1992-1-1;
—   tension components in piling;
—   detailed design of terminations.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990-1, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993-1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-11 are applicable if:
—   execution quality is according to EN 1090-2; and
—   the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series, or in the relevant material and product specifications.

This document specifies general construction, performance and material requirements for PN 10 thermostatic mixing valves (TMV) and includes test methods for the verification of mixed water temperature performance at the point of use below 45 °C. This does not exclude the selection of higher temperatures where available. When these devices are used to provide anti-scald protection for children, elderly and disabled persons, the mixed water temperature needs to be set at a suitable temperature (body temperature approximately 38 °C). In particular children are at risk to scalding at lower temperatures than adults. This does not obviate the need for supervision of young children.
It applies to valves intended for use on sanitary appliances in kitchens, washrooms (incl. all rooms with sanitary tapware, e.g. toilets and cloakrooms) and bath rooms operating under the conditions specified in Table 1.
This document allows TMVs to supply a single outlet or a small number of outlets in a “domestic” application (e.g. one valve controlling a shower, bath, basin and/or bidet), excluding valves specifically designed for supplying a large number of outlets (i.e. for institutional use).
The tests described are type tests (laboratory tests) and not quality control tests carried out during manufacture.
Table 1 - Conditions of use
[...table not reproduced...]

This document specifies particular requirements for washer-disinfectors (WD) intended for use when the level of assurance of disinfection that is necessary can be achieved by cleaning and thermal disinfection (A0 not less than 60) and does not require an independent automated record of critical processes to be kept. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 15883-1, which specifies general requirements for WD.
The range of products on which WD of this particular type can be used is restricted to non-invasive and non-critical devices and equipment (i.e. not penetrating skin or contacting mucosal surfaces).
NOTE            Thermal disinfection can be achieved by rinsing the load with hot water, exposure to steam, or combination of the two.
This document does not cover powered devices, lumened devices, and other semi-critical and critical medical devices.
Devices identified within the scopes of ISO 15883-2, ISO 15883-3, ISO 15883-4, and ISO 15883-7 do not fall within the scope of this document.

This document specifies a method of sampling precious metals and precious metal alloys for the determination of their precious metal content and for the assessment of their homogeneity. The document is applicable to raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products and is intended to be used only for the sampling of entirely metallic materials.
NOTE 1   Standards for determination of precious metals contents for different metals are listed in the Bibliography.
NOTE 2   For assaying techniques different from the listed ones other sampling procedures can be required.
NOTE 3   For the purpose of production control or lot inspections the International Standards for the sampling indicated in the Bibliography or corresponding guidelines can be applied in addition.

(1) EN 1994-1-2 gives rules for the design of steel-concrete composite structures for the accidental design situation of fire exposure. It only identifies differences from, or supplements to, rules for normal temperature design.
(2) EN 1994-1-2 only applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN1994-1-1 and are designed accordingly.

1.1   Scope of EN 1991-4
(1) This document provides rules for calculating actions for the structural design of silos and tanks.
NOTE 1   Silos are used for the storage of particulate solids. Tanks are used for the storage of liquids.
NOTE 2   For limitations on rules for silos given in this document, see 1.3.
NOTE 3   For limitations on rules for tanks given in this document, see 1.4.
(2) This document includes some provisions for actions on silo and tank structures that are not only associated with the stored particulate solids or liquids (e.g. the effects of thermal differentials) but substantially affected by them.
NOTE   Liquid loads on tanks are very precisely defined. Many loads on silos are not known with great precision. This document provides guidance for many practical situations for which very limited certain knowledge is available, and the information is derived from the limited experimental and analytical information available, coupled with conclusions drawn from failure investigations. The information is not based on a sound statistical treatment of experimental data.
(3) This document is intended for use with concrete, steel, aluminium, timber and FRP storage structures.
NOTE   FRP is the standard acronym for fibre reinforced polymer materials.
(4) This document is also applicable for the structural assessment of existing silos and tanks, unless otherwise specified by the relevant authority or, if not specified, agreed between the relevant parties for the specific project.
NOTE 1   Changes in filling or discharge arrangements, changes in the wall friction of inner surfaces, or in the use of the silo, including storage of different particulate solids, can be reasons for assessing existing silos.
NOTE 2   Differentiation of the liquid stored can be a reason for assessing existing tanks.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply.
(2) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990 1, with the other parts of EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1995, EN 1997, EN 1998 and EN 1999 where relevant to the design of silos and tanks.
1.3   Limitations on silos
1.3.1   Geometrical limitations
(1) The following geometrical limitations apply to the design rules for silos and silo batteries (see 3.2.59 and 3.2.60) covered by this document:
-   the silo planform cross-section shapes are limited to those shown in Figure 1.1c.
NOTE 1   Further information concerning planform cross-section geometries is given in Clause 7.
NOTE 2   For the determination of the effective diameter dc of the silo see Figure 1.1c;
-   the following dimensional limitations on the aspect ratio for free-standing single cell silos hc/dc, the overall height hb and the effective diameter dc apply (see Figure 1.1):
hc/dc < 10   (1.1)
hb < 100 m   (1.2)
dc < 60 m   (1.3)
NOTE 3   See Figure 1.1 for hc, dc and hb.
-   the structural transition lies in a single horizontal plane (see Figure 1.1a).
[Figure 1.1 - Silo forms showing dimensions and pressure notation]
(2) Only hoppers that are conical (i.e. axisymmetric), rectangular pyramidal with a/b ≤ 1,5, wedge-shaped (i.e. with two vertical end walls on opposite sides) or oblique are covered by this document. Other hopper shapes and hoppers with internal structures require special considerations.
(3) Silos with an oblique conical hopper used to achieve an eccentric outlet are covered by this document.
(4) Silos with an oblique hopper are covered, but generally silos with a systematically non-symmetric geometry are not specifically covered by this document. These situations include a chisel hopper (i.e. a wedge hopper beneath a circular cylinder) and hoppers with an elongated outlet other than wedge shaped.
1.3.2   Limitations on the stored particulate solids
(1) The following limitations on the stored particulate solids apply to the design rules for silos contained in this document:
...

1.1   Scope of EN 1993-3
(1) This document provides rules for structural design of towers, masts and chimney structures, that fall into any of the following classifications, with the exceptions given in (3), (4) and (5).
(2) This document is applicable to:
a)   self-supporting towers and guyed masts with or without attachments. The shafts of towers and masts can be of lattice type or of circular or polygonal cross-section;
b)   chimney structures of circular cross-section that are cantilevered, supported at intermediate levels or guyed.
NOTE 1   The structures are mainly exposed to wind loading.
NOTE 2   For overhead transmission line towers, see also the EN 50341 series.
(3) This document does not apply to:
a)   polygonal and circular lighting columns covered by the EN 40 series;
NOTE   The EN 40 series specifies the requirements and dimensions for lighting columns and it applies to post top columns not exceeding 20 m height and to post top lanterns and columns with brackets not exceeding 18 m height for side entry lanterns.
b)   wind turbine towers (see the EN IEC 61400 series);
c)   overhead line towers covered by the EN 50341 series.
(4) This document does not cover special provisions for seismic design, which are given in the EN 1998 series.
(5) Special measures that might be necessary to limit the consequences of accidents are not covered in this document. For resistance to fire, see EN 1993-1-2.
(6) Provisions for the guys of guyed structures are given in EN 1993-1-11 and supplemented in this document.
(7) For provisions concerning aspects such as chemical attack, thermo-dynamical performance or thermal insulation of chimneys, see EN 13084-1. For the design of liners, see EN 13084-6.
NOTE 1   Foundations are covered in the EN 1997 series. See also EN 13084-1.
NOTE 2   Wind loads and procedures for the wind response of structures are specified in EN 1991-1-4.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990-1, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993-1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in this document are applicable if
-   the execution quality is as specified in Annex E and EN 1090-2 and for the execution of chimneys, also in EN 13084-6,
and
-   the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series or, for materials other than steel, in the relevant material and product specifications.
NOTE   Execution is covered in this document to the extent that is necessary to indicate the quality of the construction materials and products and the standard of workmanship on site needed to comply with the assumptions of the design rules.

This document establishes a framework and specifies electronic fee collection (EFC) functions for the personalization process of on-board equipment (OBE) used for EFC.
The personalization process takes place within the domain of the entity that is responsible for the application in the OBE.
This document is applicable to the EFC interface, e.g. using dedicated short-range communication or integrated circuit(s) card, between the personalization equipment (PE) and OBE as shown in Figure 1.
This document does not cover the following:
whether the personalization functionality resides completely in the PE or whether this functionality instead resides in a central system, where the PE is more or less “transparent”;
the exact application command or message structures for the EFC personalization functionality (these are dependent on the communication media and are described in subsequent parts of the ISO 21719 series);
the test procedures for evaluation of an implementation for conformity to the requirements in this document;
setting-up of operating organizations (e.g. toll service provider, personalization agent, trusted third party).
NOTE            Some of the issues listed above are subject to separate documents prepared by ISO/TC 204, CEN/TC 278 and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute – Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ETSI ERM).

1.1   Scope of EN 1993 4 1
(1)   prEN 1993 4 1 provides rules for the structural design of steel silos of circular or rectangular plan-form, being free-standing (on ground) or supported on a structural framework (elevated).
(2)   prEN 1993 4 1 is applicable to silos constructed from isotropic rolled plates that are stiffened or unstiffened, from corrugated sheeting that is stiffened or unstiffened and from flat or corrugated plates assembled into box structures of different geometries. It applies to vertical walls, hoppers, roof structures, transition junctions and support structures.
(3)   prEN 1993 4 1 does not apply to storage vessels for silage and haylage, or to the storage of materials that are not free-flowing (see EN 1991 4). This Part 4-1 also does not cover:
-   resistance to fire;
-   cylindrical silos with internal subdivisions;
-   internal structures within a single silo (except for internal ties, as defined in 12.5);
-   silos with capacity less than 100 kN (10 tonnes);
-   hoppers that are supported on a structural framework;
-   cases where special measures are necessary to limit the consequences of accidents.
(4)   This document is applicable to silos within the following dimensional limits (see EN 1991-4):
-   Silo aspect ratio   hb/dc < 10   
-   Silo total height   hb < 70 m   
-   Silo equivalent diameter   dc < 60 m   
NOTE   These dimensional limitations are more limited than those of EN 1991-4 which also applies to silos constructed from other materials.
(5)   Where this standard applies to circular planform silos, the geometric form is restricted to axisymmetric structures, but unsymmetrical actions on them and supports that induce forces in the silo structure that are not axisymmetric are included.
(6)   This part is concerned only with the requirements for resistance and stability of steel silos. For other requirements (such as operational safety, functional performance, fabrication and erection, quality control, details like man-holes, flanges, filling devices, outlet gates and feeders, etc.), see other relevant standards and information.
(7)   This part is concerned with both isolated silo structures and silos that are connected to others to form a battery of silos, but throughout this document the term silo refers to a single cell within a battery.
(8)   Provisions relating to special requirements of seismic design are provided in EN 1998 4, which complements or adapts the provisions of Eurocode 3 specifically for this purpose.
(9)   The structural design of supporting structures for the silo are dealt with in EN 1993 1 1. The supporting structure is deemed to consist of all structural elements beneath the bottom flange of the lowest ring of the silo (see Figure 1.1), though information on some forms of support structure is given in Clause 8 of this document.
(10)   Foundations in reinforced concrete for steel silos are dealt with in EN 1992 (all parts) and EN 1997 (all parts).
1.2   Assumptions
(1)   Unless specifically stated, the provisions of EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 (all parts) apply.
(2)   The design methods given in EN 1993 4 1 are applicable if:
-   the execution quality is as specified in EN  1090 2, and
-   the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
Figure 1.1 - Terminology used in silo structures
...

1.1   Scope of EN 1993-4-2
(1) EN 1993 4 2 provides rules for structural design of vertical cylindrical, conical and pedestal above-ground steel tanks for the storage of liquids and refrigerated liquefied gas products.
(2) This document is applicable to the design for resistance of cylindrical walls and flat bottoms constructed using unstiffened plates. The design of conical and dome roofs as shell structures (unsupported) or as supported on a structural framework (supported) are also covered.
(3) This document is only applicable to the requirements for resistance and structural stability of steel tanks.
(4) Further guidance on design aspects other than the structural design can be obtained from EN 14015 or the EN 14620 series, as applicable.
(5) This document only covers steel tank structures in Tank Groups 1, 2 and 3, as defined in this document.
NOTE   Tank Group 4 is not defined in this document (see 3.1.40).
(6) This document is applicable to tanks within the following dimensional limits (see EN 1991-4):
-   tank aspect ratio   hS/d < 10
-   tank total height   hS < 70 m
-   tank diameter   d < 100 m
(7) This document includes suitable rules for the design of tanks intended to store solids suspended in a liquid, where the appropriate global density of the mixture is used.
NOTE   Tanks used for the separation of mineral particles of different density fall into this category.
(8) This document does not apply to the following:
a)   tanks with gross capacity less than 5 m3 (5 000 l);
b)   dished-end tanks that have a diameter less than 5 m;
c)   tanks with characteristic internal pressures above the liquid surface greater than 50 kPa (500 mbar)  (see pressure equipment directive);
d)   design metal temperatures outside the ranges defined in Clause 5;
e)   tanks of rectangular and other non-circular planforms;
f)   tanks exposed to fire;
g)   floating roofs and floating covers;
h)   ancillary structures such as stairways, platforms, nozzles, piping and access doors.
(9) This document does not cover:
a)   the special requirements for seismic design of tanks;
b)   the design of a supporting structure;
c)   the design of ancillary structures such as stairways, platforms, pipe racks and ladders;
d)   the design of an aluminium roof structure on a steel tank;
e)   reinforced concrete foundations for steel tanks;
f)   the design of a conical hopper;
g)   the design of a transition junction between the base of a cylindrical shell wall and a conical hopper;
h)   the design of a supporting ring girder in an elevated tank.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990-1, the EN 1991 series and the EN 1993-1 series apply.
(2) The design methods given in this document apply if:
-   the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2, and
-   the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series, or in the relevant material standards, see Clause 5.
NOTE   Further guidance on execution and material choice can be obtained from the documents EN 14015 or EN 14620 2, as applicable.
(3) This document applies to axisymmetric structures, but includes the effects of unsymmetrical actions (e.g. wind), and unsymmetrically supported tanks (e.g. on discrete supports).
(4) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990-1, with EN 1991-4, with the other Parts of EN 1991, with EN 1993-1-6 and EN 1993-4-1, with the other Parts of EN 1993, with EN 1992 and with the other Parts of EN 1994 to EN 1999 relevant to the design of tanks. Matters that are already covered in those documents are not repeated.
(5) Numerical values for partial factors and other reliability parameters are recommended as basic values that provide an acceptable level of reliability. They have been selected assuming that an appropriate level of workmanship and quality management applies.

This document specifies a methodology to assess the suitability of equipment (e.g. machinery, measuring equipment, process equipment, components and tools) for use in cleanrooms and associated controlled environments, with respect to airborne particle cleanliness as specified in ISO 14644-1. Particle sizes range from 0,1 µm to equal to or larger than 5 µm (given in ISO 14644-1).
NOTE            Where regulatory agencies impose supplementary guidelines or restrictions, appropriate adaptation of the assessment methodology can be required.
This document is not applicable to the following items:
assessment of suitability with respect to biocontamination;
testing for suitability of decontamination agents and techniques;
cleanability of equipment and materials;
requirements on design of equipment and selection of materials;
physical properties of materials (e.g. electrostatic, thermal properties);
optimizing performance of equipment for specific process applications;
selection and use of statistical methods for testing;
protocols and requirements for local safety regulations.

1.1        General
This document specifies methods for determining the sound power level of a noise source from sound pressure levels measured on a surface enveloping the noise source (machinery or equipment) in an environment that approximates to an acoustic free field near one or more reflecting planes. The sound power level produced by the noise source, in frequency bands or with A-weighting applied, is calculated using those measurements.
NOTE   Differently shaped measurement surfaces can yield differing estimates of the sound power level of a given noise source which are accounted for in the uncertainty associated with this test method. An appropriately drafted noise test code (see ISO 12001) gives detailed information on the selection of the surface.
1.2        Types of noise and noise sources
The methods specified in this document are suitable for all types of noise (steady, non-steady, and fluctuating) as defined in ISO 12001, except for short duration, impulsive events.
This document is applicable to all types and sizes of noise source (e.g. stationary or slowly moving component or sub-assembly), provided that the conditions for the measurements can be met.
NOTE   It is possible that the conditions for measurements given in this document are impracticable for very tall or very long sources such as chimneys, ducts, conveyors and multi-source industrial plants. A noise test code for the determination of noise emission of specific sources can provide alternative methods in such cases.
1.3        Test environment
The test environments that are applicable for measurements made in accordance with this document can be located indoors or outdoors, with one or more sound-reflecting planes present on or near which the noise source under test is mounted. The ideal environment is a completely open space with no bounding or reflecting surfaces other than the reflecting plane(s), such as that provided by a qualified hemi-anechoic chamber, but procedures are given for applying corrections (within limits that are specified) in the case of environments that are less than ideal. Annex A or ISO 26101-2 specifies methods for determining the adequacy of the test environment and for determination of corrections to be applied to account for the effect of the test environment.
1.4        Measurement uncertainty
Information is given on the uncertainty of the sound power levels determined in accordance with this document, for measurements made in limited bands of frequency and with frequency A-weighting applied. Annex I specifies procedures for testing laboratories that can be used to reduce measurement uncertainty. The uncertainty conforms to ISO 12001, accuracy grade 2 (engineering grade). General information on measurement uncertainty is provided in this document and additional information can be found in ISO 5114-1[8].

This document specifies the dimensions and construction of, and requirements for, four types of hose and hose assembly for use in all operations associated with the ground fuelling and defuelling of aircraft.
All four types are designed for:
use with petroleum fuels having an aromatic-hydrocarbon content not exceeding 30 % by volume;
operation within the temperature range of −30 °C to +65 °C and such that they will be undamaged by climatic conditions of −40 °C to +70 °C when stored in static conditions. For LT hose, the temperature range of −40 °C to +65 °C and such that they will be undamaged by climatic conditions of −48 °C to +70 °C when stored in static conditions;
operation at up to 2,0 MPa (20 bar) maximum working pressure, including surges of pressure which the hose can be subjected to in service.

This document contains definitions of terms related to intraocular lenses as well as definitions related to the methods used to evaluate these IOLs.
NOTE            The terms are listed in the alphabetical order of the English terms.

This document specifies requirements for two types, seven classes and three grades of wire- or textile-reinforced dredging hoses with nominal sizes ranging from 100 to 1 300. Such hoses are suitable for the delivery or suction of seawater or freshwater mixed with silt, sand, coral and small stones with a specific gravity in the range from 1,0 to 2,3 at ambient temperature ranging from -10 °C to +40 °C or for low-temperature hoses (designated -LT) ranging from -20 °C to +40 °C.
This document covers two types of hose, as follows:
type 1: floating type, for delivery only, which includes flotation material to give the hose buoyancy;
type 2: submarine type for delivery and suction.

This document specifies the characteristics of hexagon socket countersunk head screws with reduced loadability due to head design, in steel and stainless steel, with metric coarse pitch threads M2 to M20, and with product grade A.
NOTE 1        Other dimensional options are given in ISO 888, ISO 965-1 and ISO 4753.
NOTE 2        The reduced loadability (related to the countersunk head dimensions in combination with penetration of the hexagon socket specified in this document) implies a limitation of ultimate tensile load shown by a specific marking (property class preceded by a zero). The loadability in the head is assumed to be 80 % of that in the thread for all sizes and all property classes; see Table 5.
NOTE 3        Particular attention is needed to ensure alignment of the countersunk head with the bearing surface of the countersink in the assembly.