305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec Harmonized Directive

This document gives guidance on the general procedures in the sampling and preparation for analysis of wood preservatives and preservative-treated timber.
This document is applicable to the provision of appropriate samples for analysis which can be used to check the content of active and other ingredients in preservative formulations, and the content of active and other ingredients of wood preservatives in treated timber, either before, during or after the service life of the timber.
NOTE 1   Methods of sampling creosote and creosote-treated timber are described in other standards: EN 1014-1, EN 1014-2 and EN 12490.
NOTE 2   No attempt has been made in this document to lay down detailed procedures to be adopted for control purposes at manufacturing plants where large volumes of preservatives are sampled. Nor does it attempt to establish procedures for checking the compliance of batches of treated timber with specifications demanding a defined level of treatment (see 6.2).

This document covers hinged and pivoted steel (any kind) and aluminium based framed, glazed doorsets or openable windows. Throughout this document, the term "doorset" will be used to cover both doorsets and door assemblies. It prescribes the methodology for extending the application of test results obtained from fire resistance test(s) conducted in accordance with EN 1634-1.
Subject to the completion of the appropriate test or tests selected from those identified in Clause 4, the extended application can cover all or some of the following examples:
-   integrity (E), integrity & radiation (EW) or integrity & insulation (EI1 or EI2) classification,
-   glazed elements including vision panels and framed glazed doorsets,
-   air transfer grilles (louvres and/or vents),
-   side, transom or over panels,
-   items of building hardware,
-   decorative and protective finishes,
-   intumescent seals and non-intumescent (smoke, draught or acoustic) seals,
-   alternative supporting construction(s).
This document does not cover horizontal doorsets.
The effect on the Classification ‘C’ for the doorsets following an extended application process is not addressed in this document.

This document covers, regardless of if manufactured in factories or in temporary plants on site under the same conditions, precast concrete elements made of lightweight concrete with an open structure, and with a dry density between 400 and 2000 kg/m3, intended to be used as structural element:
—   solid, hollow core and multilayer load-bearing wall elements;
—   retaining wall elements, excluding retaining walls intended to retain tanks or reservoirs of liquids and diaphragm walls (concrete sheet piling);
—   solid, hollow core and multilayer roof elements, excluding ribbed floor elements and floor slabs elements;
—   solid, hollow core and multilayer floor elements excluding floor elements with the intended use to carry traffic loads;
—   solid and hollow core beams;
—   solid piers.
This document covers, regardless of if manufactured in factories or in temporary plants on site under the same conditions, precast concrete elements made of lightweight concrete with an open structure, and with a dry density between 400 and 2000 kg/m3, intended for not to be used as structural use:
—   solid, hollow core and multilayer non-loadbearing wall elements;
—   cladding elements;
—   rectangular cross-section box culverts;
—   components for noise barriers.
NOTE   In addition to their loadbearing and encasing function, elements can also be used to provide fire resistance, sound insulation and thermal insulation.
Recycled lightweight concrete with an open structure (other than closed-loop recycling during production) is covered by this document.

This document provides product category rules (PCR) guidance for the development of Type III environmental declarations for prefabricated reinforced components of autoclaved aerated concrete or lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure according to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
This document defines the parameters to be reported, the EPD types (and life cycle stages) to be covered, the rules to be followed for generating life cycle inventories (LCI) and conducting life cycle impact assessments (LCIA), and the data quality to be used in the development of EPDs.
In addition to the common parts of EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, this document provides guidance for elements made as prefabricated reinforced components of autoclaved aerated concrete or lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure:
—   defines the system boundaries;
—   defines the modelling and assessment of material-specific characteristics;
—   defines allocation procedures for multi-output processes along the production chain;
—   defines allocation procedures for reuse and recycling;
—   includes the rules for calculating the LCI and the LCIA underlying the EPD;
—   provides guidance/specific rules for the determination of the reference service life (RSL);
—   gives guidance on the establishment of default scenarios;
—   gives guidance on default functional units for elements.
This document is intended to be used for cradle to gate, cradle to gate with options or cradle to grave assessments, when the intention is clearly stated in the system boundary description.

This document gives guidance on the general procedures in the sampling and preparation for analysis of wood preservatives and preservative-treated timber.
This document is applicable to the provision of appropriate samples for analysis which can be used to check the content of active and other ingredients in preservative formulations, and the content of active and other ingredients of wood preservatives in treated timber, either before, during or after the service life of the timber.
NOTE 1   Methods of sampling creosote and creosote-treated timber are described in other standards: EN 1014-1, EN 1014-2 and EN 12490.
NOTE 2   No attempt has been made in this document to lay down detailed procedures to be adopted for control purposes at manufacturing plants where large volumes of preservatives are sampled. Nor does it attempt to establish procedures for checking the compliance of batches of treated timber with specifications demanding a defined level of treatment (see 6.2).

This document covers hinged and pivoted steel (any kind) and aluminium based framed, glazed doorsets or openable windows. Throughout this document, the term "doorset" will be used to cover both doorsets and door assemblies. It prescribes the methodology for extending the application of test results obtained from fire resistance test(s) conducted in accordance with EN 1634-1.
Subject to the completion of the appropriate test or tests selected from those identified in Clause 4, the extended application can cover all or some of the following examples:
-   integrity (E), integrity & radiation (EW) or integrity & insulation (EI1 or EI2) classification,
-   glazed elements including vision panels and framed glazed doorsets,
-   air transfer grilles (louvres and/or vents),
-   side, transom or over panels,
-   items of building hardware,
-   decorative and protective finishes,
-   intumescent seals and non-intumescent (smoke, draught or acoustic) seals,
-   alternative supporting construction(s).
This document does not cover horizontal doorsets.
The effect on the Classification ‘C’ for the doorsets following an extended application process is not addressed in this document.

This document establishes the general principles for the conditioning procedures for test specimens tested according to the European standards for reaction to fire.
The rules for the selection of substrates for construction products when carrying out reaction to fire tests are also detailed in this document. In order to use the extension rules set in this document, no modification of the standard substrate is allowed.
This document does not contain requirements for:
—   the pre-drying of test specimens for the non-combustibility test according to EN ISO 1182;
—   methods of cleaning (e.g. washing) and other methods for the assessment of durability aspects, which are dealt with in the relevant product standards.

This document specifies a method for determining the fire resistance of air transfer grilles (ATG).
It is applicable to air transfer grilles intended for installation in building components (typically walls, floors or ceilings). The orientation of the installation of the air transfer grille can be vertical or horizontal.
The closing mechanism of the air transfer grille can come from expansion of material and/or from any mechanical or electrical closing device.
This document is applicable to fire resistant or fire resistant and smoke control air transfer grilles.
An additional test configuration is valid for fire resistant or fire resistant and smoke control air transfer grilles in applications where flame impingement is a risk during open state from start of fire (see Annex A).
This document evaluates the behaviour of the air transfer grille when exposed to the heating curve described in EN 1363 1 and the standard pressure described in EN 1363 1. It is not the intention of this test to provide quantitative information on the rate of leakage of smoke and/or hot gases or on the transmission or generation of fumes under fire conditions. Such phenomena are only noted in describing the general behaviour of test specimens during the test.
The determination of the rate of leakage of smoke at ambient temperature or at 200 °C as an optional requirement for ATG with declared smoke control is specified in EN 1634 3.
This document is not applicable to the determination of the fire resistance of air transfer grilles that are used in ducts because ATG are considered as separating elements. The test method for ATG used in ducts is described in the corresponding duct standards.
This document is not applicable to the determination of the fire resistance of a fire damper or a fire barrier connected to a duct one or both sides, as an ATG is tested as a fire-separating element on its own. Fire dampers are tested according to EN 1366 2. Non-mechanical fire barriers are tested according to EN 1366 12.
This document is not applicable to the determination of the fire resistance of air transfer grilles in fire doors, shutters and openable windows as specified in EN 1634 1 and EN 1364 2, because the deformation of fire doors, shutters and openable windows in fire conditions differs from the deformation of flexible/rigid walls. Moreover, the location of thermocouples in the door standard is too specific to be handled in this document.
All values given in this document are nominal unless otherwise specified.

This document defines rules for extended applications, provides guidance, and, where appropriate, defines procedures, for variations of certain parameters and factors associated with the design of internal and external non-loadbearing walls constructed of metal sandwich panels and that have been tested in accordance with EN 1364 1, which could generate a classification in accordance with EN 13501 2.
This document applies for double skin metal faced sandwich panels having an insulating core bonded to both facings as defined in EN 14509 not stabilizing a whole building or parts of it.

This document defines rules for extended applications, provides guidance, and, where appropriate, specifies procedures, for variations of certain parameters and factors associated with the design of internal non-loadbearing ceilings constructed of metal faced sandwich panels that have been tested in accordance with EN 1364 2, which could generate a classification in accordance with EN 13501 2.
This document applies to double skin metal faced sandwich panels which have an insulating core bonded to both facings as defined in EN 14509, not stabilizing a whole building or parts of it.

This document specifies characteristics of solid wood panelling and cladding without tongue and groove machined from softwoods (wood of trees of the botanical group gymnosperms). Products are intended for interior or exterior use.
This document covers treated, untreated and surface treated products, including those made of thermally and chemically modified wood, as well as finger jointed products.
This document does not cover processes for treatment, surface coating or modification.
NOTE   Where further regulatory provisions (e.g. durability, reaction to fire, dangerous substances and generally CE-marking according to CPR) are required, EN 14915 applies.

This document establishes the general principles for the conditioning procedures for test specimens tested according to the European standards for reaction to fire.
The rules for the selection of substrates for construction products when carrying out reaction to fire tests are also detailed in this document. In order to use the extension rules set in this document, no modification of the standard substrate is allowed.
This document does not contain requirements for:
—   the pre-drying of test specimens for the non-combustibility test according to EN ISO 1182;
—   methods of cleaning (e.g. washing) and other methods for the assessment of durability aspects, which are dealt with in the relevant product standards.

This document specifies characteristics of solid wood panelling and cladding without tongue and groove machined from softwoods (wood of trees of the botanical group gymnosperms). Products are intended for interior or exterior use.
This document covers treated, untreated and surface treated products, including those made of thermally and chemically modified wood, as well as finger jointed products.
This document does not cover processes for treatment, surface coating or modification.
NOTE   Where further regulatory provisions (e.g. durability, reaction to fire, dangerous substances and generally CE-marking according to CPR) are required, EN 14915 applies.

This document provides product category rules (PCR) guidance for the development of Type III environmental declarations for prefabricated reinforced components of autoclaved aerated concrete or lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure according to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.
This document defines the parameters to be reported, the EPD types (and life cycle stages) to be covered, the rules to be followed for generating life cycle inventories (LCI) and conducting life cycle impact assessments (LCIA), and the data quality to be used in the development of EPDs.
In addition to the common parts of EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, this document provides guidance for elements made as prefabricated reinforced components of autoclaved aerated concrete or lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure:
—   defines the system boundaries;
—   defines the modelling and assessment of material-specific characteristics;
—   defines allocation procedures for multi-output processes along the production chain;
—   defines allocation procedures for reuse and recycling;
—   includes the rules for calculating the LCI and the LCIA underlying the EPD;
—   provides guidance/specific rules for the determination of the reference service life (RSL);
—   gives guidance on the establishment of default scenarios;
—   gives guidance on default functional units for elements.
This document is intended to be used for cradle to gate, cradle to gate with options or cradle to grave assessments, when the intention is clearly stated in the system boundary description.

This document defines rules for extended applications, provides guidance, and, where appropriate, specifies procedures, for variations of certain parameters and factors associated with the design of internal non-loadbearing ceilings constructed of metal faced sandwich panels that have been tested in accordance with EN 1364 2, which could generate a classification in accordance with EN 13501 2.
This document applies to double skin metal faced sandwich panels which have an insulating core bonded to both facings as defined in EN 14509, not stabilizing a whole building or parts of it.

This document covers, regardless of if manufactured in factories or in temporary plants on site under the same conditions, precast concrete elements made of lightweight concrete with an open structure, and with a dry density between 400 and 2000 kg/m3, intended to be used as structural element:
—   solid, hollow core and multilayer load-bearing wall elements;
—   retaining wall elements, excluding retaining walls intended to retain tanks or reservoirs of liquids and diaphragm walls (concrete sheet piling);
—   solid, hollow core and multilayer roof elements, excluding ribbed floor elements and floor slabs elements;
—   solid, hollow core and multilayer floor elements excluding floor elements with the intended use to carry traffic loads;
—   solid and hollow core beams;
—   solid piers.
This document covers, regardless of if manufactured in factories or in temporary plants on site under the same conditions, precast concrete elements made of lightweight concrete with an open structure, and with a dry density between 400 and 2000 kg/m3, intended for not to be used as structural use:
—   solid, hollow core and multilayer non-loadbearing wall elements;
—   cladding elements;
—   rectangular cross-section box culverts;
—   components for noise barriers.
NOTE   In addition to their loadbearing and encasing function, elements can also be used to provide fire resistance, sound insulation and thermal insulation.
Recycled lightweight concrete with an open structure (other than closed-loop recycling during production) is covered by this document.

This document specifies a method for determining the fire resistance of air transfer grilles (ATG).
It is applicable to air transfer grilles intended for installation in building components (typically walls, floors or ceilings). The orientation of the installation of the air transfer grille can be vertical or horizontal.
The closing mechanism of the air transfer grille can come from expansion of material and/or from any mechanical or electrical closing device.
This document is applicable to fire resistant or fire resistant and smoke control air transfer grilles.
An additional test configuration is valid for fire resistant or fire resistant and smoke control air transfer grilles in applications where flame impingement is a risk during open state from start of fire (see Annex A).
This document evaluates the behaviour of the air transfer grille when exposed to the heating curve described in EN 1363 1 and the standard pressure described in EN 1363 1. It is not the intention of this test to provide quantitative information on the rate of leakage of smoke and/or hot gases or on the transmission or generation of fumes under fire conditions. Such phenomena are only noted in describing the general behaviour of test specimens during the test.
The determination of the rate of leakage of smoke at ambient temperature or at 200 °C as an optional requirement for ATG with declared smoke control is specified in EN 1634 3.
This document is not applicable to the determination of the fire resistance of air transfer grilles that are used in ducts because ATG are considered as separating elements. The test method for ATG used in ducts is described in the corresponding duct standards.
This document is not applicable to the determination of the fire resistance of a fire damper or a fire barrier connected to a duct one or both sides, as an ATG is tested as a fire-separating element on its own. Fire dampers are tested according to EN 1366 2. Non-mechanical fire barriers are tested according to EN 1366 12.
This document is not applicable to the determination of the fire resistance of air transfer grilles in fire doors, shutters and openable windows as specified in EN 1634 1 and EN 1364 2, because the deformation of fire doors, shutters and openable windows in fire conditions differs from the deformation of flexible/rigid walls. Moreover, the location of thermocouples in the door standard is too specific to be handled in this document.
All values given in this document are nominal unless otherwise specified.

This document defines rules for extended applications, provides guidance, and, where appropriate, defines procedures, for variations of certain parameters and factors associated with the design of internal and external non-loadbearing walls constructed of metal sandwich panels and that have been tested in accordance with EN 1364 1, which could generate a classification in accordance with EN 13501 2.
This document applies for double skin metal faced sandwich panels having an insulating core bonded to both facings as defined in EN 14509 not stabilizing a whole building or parts of it.

This document specifies requirements for the chemical and physical properties as well as quality control procedures for ground limestone for use as an addition in concrete.
This document is also applicable to ground limestone to be used in mortars and grouts.
This document does not specify provisions for the use of ground limestone in the production of concrete.

This document specifies a method for preparing asphalt test blocks intended for testing of hot applied joint sealants according to EN 13880-7 and EN 13880-9.

This document defines terms and specifies requirements and test methods for wood veneer floor coverings for internal use.
This document is not applicable to multilayer parquets according to EN 13489 with a top layer thickness  2,5 mm and to modular mechanical locked floor covering (MMF) panels with wear resistant top layer according EN 16511.

This document describes installation scenarios and available test methods and national legislations to be considered when determining the external fire performance of roof systems, when combined with BAPV.

This document reviews installation scenarios, available test methods and national legislations to be considered when determining the external fire performance of roofs with above roof PV systems.
The report also reviews the current partners and approvals in the planning, installation and operation/maintenance of above roof PV installations, together with their current responsibilities.

This document defines terms and specifies requirements and test methods for wood veneer floor coverings for internal use.
This document is not applicable to multilayer parquets according to EN 13489 with a top layer thickness  2,5 mm and to modular mechanical locked floor covering (MMF) panels with wear resistant top layer according EN 16511.

This document specifies requirements for the chemical and physical properties as well as quality control procedures for ground limestone for use as an addition in concrete.
This document is also applicable to ground limestone to be used in mortars and grouts.
This document does not specify provisions for the use of ground limestone in the production of concrete.

This document describes the test and assessment procedure for determining the contribution of reactive fire protection systems to the fire resistance of solid steel bars used as tension members, when exposed to the standard temperature/time curve specified in EN 1363-1. In special circumstances, where specified in National Building Regulations, there can be a need to subject reactive fire protection systems to a slow heating curve (smouldering fire) as defined in EN 1363-2. The corresponding test and assessment procedure are described in Annex E. The fire protection performance is determined by testing mechanically loaded steel bars in horizontal orientation. Information regarding the testing of additional unloaded specimens is given to assess the influence of the bar orientation and smouldering fire behaviour.
The principles of the testing and assessment procedure can also be applied for other section shapes such as angles, channels and flats. This document does not include steel bars used as reinforcement in concrete construction.
The document is applicable to steel bars up to a maximum diameter of 130 mm. In the case of rectangular bars, the maximum edge length shall be limited to 130 mm with a maximum aspect ratio of 2:1 against the shorter edge length.
The test programme and the assessment are designed to cover:
-   a range of valid fire protection classification periods;
-   a range of thickness of the applied reactive fire protection system;
-   a range of steel bar dimensions and profiles;
-   a range of specified design temperatures;
-   a range of load utilisation factors in case of fire;
-   a range of bar orientation.
This document also provides the assessment procedure, which prescribes how the analysis of the test data shall be made and gives guidance on the procedures by which interpolation shall be undertaken. The assessment procedure is used to establish:
a)   on the basis of data derived from mechanically loaded testing steel bar, any practical constraints on the use of the reactive fire protection system under fire test conditions (the physical performance);
b)   on the basis of the temperature data derived from testing steel bar the thermal properties of the reactive fire protection system (the thermal performance).
The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment arising from the fire test are defined together with permitted direct application of the results to different steel types and sizes over the range of thicknesses of the applied reactive fire protection system tested.

This document provides general product category rules (PCR) for Type III environmental declarations for wood and wood-based products, including wood-based panels, for use in construction and related construction and in-service processes.
This document complements the core rules for the product category of construction products as defined in EN 15804 and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 15804.
This document does not cover the assessment of social and economic performances at product level.
The core PCR:
—   define the parameters to be declared and the way in which they are collated and reported;
—   describe which stages of a product’s life cycle are considered in the EPD and which processes are to be included in the life cycle stages;
—   define rules for the development of scenarios;
—   include the rules for calculating the life cycle inventory and the life cycle impact assessment underlying the EPD, including the specification of the data quality to be applied;
—   include the rules for reporting predetermined, environmental and health information, that is not covered by LCA for a product, construction process and construction service where necessary;
—   define the conditions under which construction products can be compared based on the information provided by EPD.
For the EPD of construction services, the same rules and requirements apply as for the EPD of construction products.
Additionally, to the common parts of EN 15804, this document for wood and wood-based products:
—   defines the system boundaries;
—   defines the rules for modelling and assessment of material-specific characteristics such as carbon content and net calorific value of wood;
—   defines allocation procedures for multi-output processes along the wood chain;
—   defines allocation procedures for reuse, recycling and energy recovery;
—   includes the rules for calculating the life cycle inventory and the life cycle impact assessment underlying the EPD, including the assessment of carbon and net calorific value of wood;
—   provides guidance/specific rules for the determination of the reference service life (RSL).

This document describes the test and assessment procedure for determining the contribution of reactive fire protection systems to the fire resistance of solid steel bars used as tension members, when exposed to the standard temperature/time curve specified in EN 1363-1. In special circumstances, where specified in National Building Regulations, there can be a need to subject reactive fire protection systems to a slow heating curve (smouldering fire) as defined in EN 1363-2. The corresponding test and assessment procedure are described in Annex E. The fire protection performance is determined by testing mechanically loaded steel bars in horizontal orientation. Information regarding the testing of additional unloaded specimens is given to assess the influence of the bar orientation and smouldering fire behaviour.
The principles of the testing and assessment procedure can also be applied for other section shapes such as angles, channels and flats. This document does not include steel bars used as reinforcement in concrete construction.
The document is applicable to steel bars up to a maximum diameter of 130 mm. In the case of rectangular bars, the maximum edge length shall be limited to 130 mm with a maximum aspect ratio of 2:1 against the shorter edge length.
The test programme and the assessment are designed to cover:
-   a range of valid fire protection classification periods;
-   a range of thickness of the applied reactive fire protection system;
-   a range of steel bar dimensions and profiles;
-   a range of specified design temperatures;
-   a range of load utilisation factors in case of fire;
-   a range of bar orientation.
This document also provides the assessment procedure, which prescribes how the analysis of the test data shall be made and gives guidance on the procedures by which interpolation shall be undertaken. The assessment procedure is used to establish:
a)   on the basis of data derived from mechanically loaded testing steel bar, any practical constraints on the use of the reactive fire protection system under fire test conditions (the physical performance);
b)   on the basis of the temperature data derived from testing steel bar the thermal properties of the reactive fire protection system (the thermal performance).
The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment arising from the fire test are defined together with permitted direct application of the results to different steel types and sizes over the range of thicknesses of the applied reactive fire protection system tested.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the moisture resistance of wood-based panels under cyclic test conditions.

This document provides general product category rules (PCR) for Type III environmental declarations for wood and wood-based products, including wood-based panels, for use in construction and related construction and in-service processes.
This document complements the core rules for the product category of construction products as defined in EN 15804 and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 15804.
This document does not cover the assessment of social and economic performances at product level.
The core PCR:
—   define the parameters to be declared and the way in which they are collated and reported;
—   describe which stages of a product’s life cycle are considered in the EPD and which processes are to be included in the life cycle stages;
—   define rules for the development of scenarios;
—   include the rules for calculating the life cycle inventory and the life cycle impact assessment underlying the EPD, including the specification of the data quality to be applied;
—   include the rules for reporting predetermined, environmental and health information, that is not covered by LCA for a product, construction process and construction service where necessary;
—   define the conditions under which construction products can be compared based on the information provided by EPD.
For the EPD of construction services, the same rules and requirements apply as for the EPD of construction products.
Additionally, to the common parts of EN 15804, this document for wood and wood-based products:
—   defines the system boundaries;
—   defines the rules for modelling and assessment of material-specific characteristics such as carbon content and net calorific value of wood;
—   defines allocation procedures for multi-output processes along the wood chain;
—   defines allocation procedures for reuse, recycling and energy recovery;
—   includes the rules for calculating the life cycle inventory and the life cycle impact assessment underlying the EPD, including the assessment of carbon and net calorific value of wood;
—   provides guidance/specific rules for the determination of the reference service life (RSL).

This document specifies a method for preparing asphalt test blocks intended for testing of hot applied joint sealants according to EN 13880 7 and EN 13880 9.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the moisture resistance of wood-based panels under cyclic test conditions.

1.1   Scope of EN 1991-1-4
(1) This document gives rules for the determination of natural wind actions for the structural design of building and civil engineering works for each of the loaded areas under consideration. This includes actions applied to the whole structure or parts of it, as well as wind-exposed elements attached to the structure.
(2) This document is applicable to:
-   buildings and other civil engineering works with heights up to 200 m;
-   guyed masts, other open lattice structures and chimneys with heights up to 300 m;
-   bridges having no span greater than 200 m.
(3) The rules contained in this document allow the evaluation of characteristic wind actions on land-based structures.
(4) This document is applicable to offshore coastal structures.
NOTE   Additional or amended provisions can be necessary.
(5) This document does not give guidance on non-synoptic winds (e.g. thunderstorms, downbursts, microbursts, tornadoes, etc.), mixed wind climates, nor does it give guidance on how to account for local effects (e.g. thermal effects, funnelling, strong arctic thermal surface inversion, etc.).
(6) This document addresses simplified procedures for dynamic effects, mostly based on the assumption of a dominant single-mode response (see Annex E, Annex F and Annex G). General criteria for performing a full dynamic analysis under aerodynamic excitation are not treated in this document.
(7) Wind pressure effects of passing vehicles are outside the scope of this document.
NOTE   See EN 1991 2 for wind effects from passing trains.
8) This document also provides guidance on wind tunnel testing and numerical modelling which can be needed or desirable when the shape or structural behaviour are unusual or do not strictly fall within the rules of the document, or in cases of unusual orography or other surroundings.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The assumptions given in EN 1990-1:2023+A1:2026, 1.2 apply.

1.1   Scope of prEN 1991-1-6
(1) prEN 1991-1-6 provides guidance and general rules on the determination of actions relevant for the design of buildings and civil engineering works, including geotechnical structures, for their execution stage.
NOTE   Actions for design during execution include those that only arise from execution activities and act during execution, termed construction actions (for example personnel and hand tools, auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution), and others that are present during the service life of the completed structure (for example self-weight, wind, etc.) but which can act differently and/or have different values during execution.
(2) prEN 1991-1-6 provides guidance and general rules for the determination of actions for the design of auxiliary structures, elements and equipment used during execution in case they are designed to the Eurocodes and not to other European Standards.
NOTE   Other European Standards (e.g. EN 12810, EN 12811, EN 12812) provide specific rules for certain types of auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution.
(3) prEN 1991-1-6 gives rules for buildings and bridges during execution to supplement the provisions in EN 1990.
NOTE   For combination rules for execution, see EN 1990.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The general assumptions given in EN 1990 apply.
(2) The application of this document follows the limit state principle and is based on the partial factor method, unless explicitly prescribed differently.
(3) The verification of buildings and civil engineering structures in transient design situations is undertaken in accordance with the Eurocodes, accounting for the interaction with any auxiliary structures, elements and/or equipment.
(4) When using European product standards covering auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution, it is assumed that the design basis, design requirements and, if provided, the safety and operational design limits specified in these product standards are taken into account.
(5) Adequate planning, documentation, communication, control and supervision are provided during execution, involving all relevant parties.
NOTE   Execution of a structure can involve interaction between several parties from diverse engineering fields, responsible for the design, fabrication, transportation and execution of different subsystems used during the execution of a structure.

1.1   Scope of EN 1994-1-1
(1) EN 1994-1-1 gives general rules for the design of steel and concrete composite structures and supplementary provisions specific for buildings.
NOTE   Specific rules for bridges are given in EN 1994-2.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply to EN 1994-1-1.
(2) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990-1, the assumptions given in EN 1992-1-1, EN 1992-1-2, and EN 1993-1-1 apply to this document.
(3) EN 1994-1-1 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990-1, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1992-1-1, EN 1993 (all parts), EN 1997 (all parts), EN 1998 (all parts when steel and concrete composite structures are built in seismic regions), EN 1090-1, EN 1090-2, EN 1090-4, EN 13670 and ENs for construction products relevant to steel and concrete composite structures.

1.1   Scope of EN 1993-4-2
(1) EN 1993 4 2 provides rules for structural design of vertical cylindrical, conical and pedestal above-ground steel tanks for the storage of liquids and refrigerated liquefied gas products.
(2) This document is applicable to the design for resistance of cylindrical walls and flat bottoms constructed using unstiffened plates. The design of conical and dome roofs as shell structures (unsupported) or as supported on a structural framework (supported) are also covered.
(3) This document is only applicable to the requirements for resistance and structural stability of steel tanks.
(4) Further guidance on design aspects other than the structural design can be obtained from EN 14015 or the EN 14620 series, as applicable.
(5) This document only covers steel tank structures in Tank Groups 1, 2 and 3, as defined in this document.
NOTE   Tank Group 4 is not defined in this document (see 3.1.40).
(6) This document is applicable to tanks within the following dimensional limits (see EN 1991-4):
-   tank aspect ratio   hS/d < 10
-   tank total height   hS < 70 m
-   tank diameter   d < 100 m
(7) This document includes suitable rules for the design of tanks intended to store solids suspended in a liquid, where the appropriate global density of the mixture is used.
NOTE   Tanks used for the separation of mineral particles of different density fall into this category.
(8) This document does not apply to the following:
a)   tanks with gross capacity less than 5 m3 (5 000 l);
b)   dished-end tanks that have a diameter less than 5 m;
c)   tanks with characteristic internal pressures above the liquid surface greater than 50 kPa (500 mbar)  (see pressure equipment directive);
d)   design metal temperatures outside the ranges defined in Clause 5;
e)   tanks of rectangular and other non-circular planforms;
f)   tanks exposed to fire;
g)   floating roofs and floating covers;
h)   ancillary structures such as stairways, platforms, nozzles, piping and access doors.
(9) This document does not cover:
a)   the special requirements for seismic design of tanks;
b)   the design of a supporting structure;
c)   the design of ancillary structures such as stairways, platforms, pipe racks and ladders;
d)   the design of an aluminium roof structure on a steel tank;
e)   reinforced concrete foundations for steel tanks;
f)   the design of a conical hopper;
g)   the design of a transition junction between the base of a cylindrical shell wall and a conical hopper;
h)   the design of a supporting ring girder in an elevated tank.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990-1, the EN 1991 series and the EN 1993-1 series apply.
(2) The design methods given in this document apply if:
-   the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2, and
-   the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series, or in the relevant material standards, see Clause 5.
NOTE   Further guidance on execution and material choice can be obtained from the documents EN 14015 or EN 14620 2, as applicable.
(3) This document applies to axisymmetric structures, but includes the effects of unsymmetrical actions (e.g. wind), and unsymmetrically supported tanks (e.g. on discrete supports).
(4) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990-1, with EN 1991-4, with the other Parts of EN 1991, with EN 1993-1-6 and EN 1993-4-1, with the other Parts of EN 1993, with EN 1992 and with the other Parts of EN 1994 to EN 1999 relevant to the design of tanks. Matters that are already covered in those documents are not repeated.
(5) Numerical values for partial factors and other reliability parameters are recommended as basic values that provide an acceptable level of reliability. They have been selected assuming that an appropriate level of workmanship and quality management applies.

1.1   Scope of EN 1995-2
(1) This document gives general design rules for the structural parts of bridges, i.e. structural members of importance for the reliability of the whole bridge or major parts of it, made of timber or other wood-based materials, either singly or compositely with concrete, steel or other materials.
(2) Prestressed timber-concrete composite (TCC) members are not covered by this document. The design of stress-laminated timber decks used as part of a TCC system is covered.
(3) Systems which rely on friction between wood and concrete are not covered by this document.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document.
(2) It is assumed that the requirements for execution given in EN 1995 3 are complied with.

1.1   Scope of EN 1991-4
(1) This document provides rules for calculating actions for the structural design of silos and tanks.
NOTE 1   Silos are used for the storage of particulate solids. Tanks are used for the storage of liquids.
NOTE 2   For limitations on rules for silos given in this document, see 1.3.
NOTE 3   For limitations on rules for tanks given in this document, see 1.4.
(2) This document includes some provisions for actions on silo and tank structures that are not only associated with the stored particulate solids or liquids (e.g. the effects of thermal differentials) but substantially affected by them.
NOTE   Liquid loads on tanks are very precisely defined. Many loads on silos are not known with great precision. This document provides guidance for many practical situations for which very limited certain knowledge is available, and the information is derived from the limited experimental and analytical information available, coupled with conclusions drawn from failure investigations. The information is not based on a sound statistical treatment of experimental data.
(3) This document is intended for use with concrete, steel, aluminium, timber and FRP storage structures.
NOTE   FRP is the standard acronym for fibre reinforced polymer materials.
(4) This document is also applicable for the structural assessment of existing silos and tanks, unless otherwise specified by the relevant authority or, if not specified, agreed between the relevant parties for the specific project.
NOTE 1   Changes in filling or discharge arrangements, changes in the wall friction of inner surfaces, or in the use of the silo, including storage of different particulate solids, can be reasons for assessing existing silos.
NOTE 2   Differentiation of the liquid stored can be a reason for assessing existing tanks.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply.
(2) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990 1, with the other parts of EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1995, EN 1997, EN 1998 and EN 1999 where relevant to the design of silos and tanks.
1.3   Limitations on silos
1.3.1   Geometrical limitations
(1) The following geometrical limitations apply to the design rules for silos and silo batteries (see 3.2.59 and 3.2.60) covered by this document:
-   the silo planform cross-section shapes are limited to those shown in Figure 1.1c.
NOTE 1   Further information concerning planform cross-section geometries is given in Clause 7.
NOTE 2   For the determination of the effective diameter dc of the silo see Figure 1.1c;
-   the following dimensional limitations on the aspect ratio for free-standing single cell silos hc/dc, the overall height hb and the effective diameter dc apply (see Figure 1.1):
hc/dc < 10   (1.1)
hb < 100 m   (1.2)
dc < 60 m   (1.3)
NOTE 3   See Figure 1.1 for hc, dc and hb.
-   the structural transition lies in a single horizontal plane (see Figure 1.1a).
[Figure 1.1 - Silo forms showing dimensions and pressure notation]
(2) Only hoppers that are conical (i.e. axisymmetric), rectangular pyramidal with a/b ≤ 1,5, wedge-shaped (i.e. with two vertical end walls on opposite sides) or oblique are covered by this document. Other hopper shapes and hoppers with internal structures require special considerations.
(3) Silos with an oblique conical hopper used to achieve an eccentric outlet are covered by this document.
(4) Silos with an oblique hopper are covered, but generally silos with a systematically non-symmetric geometry are not specifically covered by this document. These situations include a chisel hopper (i.e. a wedge hopper beneath a circular cylinder) and hoppers with an elongated outlet other than wedge shaped.
1.3.2   Limitations on the stored particulate solids
(1) The following limitations on the stored particulate solids apply to the design rules for silos contained in this document:
...

(1) EN 1994-1-2 gives rules for the design of steel-concrete composite structures for the accidental design situation of fire exposure. It only identifies differences from, or supplements to, rules for normal temperature design.
(2) EN 1994-1-2 only applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN1994-1-1 and are designed accordingly.

1.1   Scope of EN 1993-1-11
(1) EN 1993-1-11 provides rules for structural design of tension components made of steel, in addition to other parts of EN 1993, for use in structures made of steel or other materials such as concrete, steel-concrete composite and timber.
(2) EN 1993-1-11 covers the resistance, serviceability and durability of steel tension elements.
(3) The following items/aspects are outside the scope of EN 1993-1-11:
—   pre- or post-tensioned systems in accordance with EN 1992-1-1;
—   reinforcing steel as part of a concrete structure in accordance with EN 1992-1-1;
—   tension components in piling;
—   detailed design of terminations.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990-1, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993-1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-11 are applicable if:
—   execution quality is according to EN 1090-2; and
—   the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series, or in the relevant material and product specifications.

1.1   Scope of EN 1993 4 1
(1)   prEN 1993 4 1 provides rules for the structural design of steel silos of circular or rectangular plan-form, being free-standing (on ground) or supported on a structural framework (elevated).
(2)   prEN 1993 4 1 is applicable to silos constructed from isotropic rolled plates that are stiffened or unstiffened, from corrugated sheeting that is stiffened or unstiffened and from flat or corrugated plates assembled into box structures of different geometries. It applies to vertical walls, hoppers, roof structures, transition junctions and support structures.
(3)   prEN 1993 4 1 does not apply to storage vessels for silage and haylage, or to the storage of materials that are not free-flowing (see EN 1991 4). This Part 4-1 also does not cover:
-   resistance to fire;
-   cylindrical silos with internal subdivisions;
-   internal structures within a single silo (except for internal ties, as defined in 12.5);
-   silos with capacity less than 100 kN (10 tonnes);
-   hoppers that are supported on a structural framework;
-   cases where special measures are necessary to limit the consequences of accidents.
(4)   This document is applicable to silos within the following dimensional limits (see EN 1991-4):
-   Silo aspect ratio   hb/dc < 10   
-   Silo total height   hb < 70 m   
-   Silo equivalent diameter   dc < 60 m   
NOTE   These dimensional limitations are more limited than those of EN 1991-4 which also applies to silos constructed from other materials.
(5)   Where this standard applies to circular planform silos, the geometric form is restricted to axisymmetric structures, but unsymmetrical actions on them and supports that induce forces in the silo structure that are not axisymmetric are included.
(6)   This part is concerned only with the requirements for resistance and stability of steel silos. For other requirements (such as operational safety, functional performance, fabrication and erection, quality control, details like man-holes, flanges, filling devices, outlet gates and feeders, etc.), see other relevant standards and information.
(7)   This part is concerned with both isolated silo structures and silos that are connected to others to form a battery of silos, but throughout this document the term silo refers to a single cell within a battery.
(8)   Provisions relating to special requirements of seismic design are provided in EN 1998 4, which complements or adapts the provisions of Eurocode 3 specifically for this purpose.
(9)   The structural design of supporting structures for the silo are dealt with in EN 1993 1 1. The supporting structure is deemed to consist of all structural elements beneath the bottom flange of the lowest ring of the silo (see Figure 1.1), though information on some forms of support structure is given in Clause 8 of this document.
(10)   Foundations in reinforced concrete for steel silos are dealt with in EN 1992 (all parts) and EN 1997 (all parts).
1.2   Assumptions
(1)   Unless specifically stated, the provisions of EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 (all parts) apply.
(2)   The design methods given in EN 1993 4 1 are applicable if:
-   the execution quality is as specified in EN  1090 2, and
-   the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
Figure 1.1 - Terminology used in silo structures
...

1.1      Scope of EN 1991 1 8
(1) EN 1991 1 8 gives principles and rules to determine the values of wave and current actions on structures and civil engineering works in the coastal zone, i.e. works connected to, or in close vicinity to the shore.
NOTE 1   Provisions in EN 1991 1 8 are limited to hydrodynamic actions that can be directly quantified in terms of wave and/or current induced pressures and associated forces and moments on structures or structural parts.
NOTE 2   As opposed to offshore conditions, waves or currents in the coastal zone are generally affected by the presence of the seabed or shore.
NOTE 3   The coastal zone is typically defined as the area between the shoreline and the deep-water limit.
(2) EN 1991 1 8 describes the principles for defining the hydrodynamic conditions to be used for design, including sea water levels.
(3) EN 1991 1 8 addresses specifically actions from currents and waves on the following structure types:
—   cylindrical structures;
—   subsea pipelines;
—   suspended decks;
—   vertical face structures;
—   permanently moored floating structures.
NOTE 1   Additional guidance can be needed for:
—   moored structures in the coastal zone for renewable energy production or related to oil and gas production or processing;
—   moored structures spanning areas with variable wave and current states (e.g. floating aquaculture farms or floating bridges).
NOTE 2   For hydraulic pressures caused by quasi-static water levels, and ground water, see EN 1997 (all parts).
(4) Actions addressed in EN 1991 1 8 do not cover:
—   hydraulic resonance in sheltered areas or basins (phenomena also known as harbour resonance);
—   translation waves, e.g. tsunamis;
—   waves and currents induced by maritime operations, i.e. vessel wake, berthing and mooring;
—   hydrodynamic actions induced by earthquakes;
—   ice-induced pressures and forces;
—   coastal structures where flood risk and/or erosion or sediment management is the dominant function.
1.2      Assumptions
(1) The assumptions given in EN 1990 apply to this document.
(2) In addition, it is assumed that actions from waves and currents on coastal structures are determined by personnel appropriately qualified and experienced in the following fields:
a)   physical coastal environment including physics of waves and currents, statistical properties and propagation of such;
b)   marine hydrodynamics, wave and current interaction with structures in general and wave and current actions on structures in the coastal zone including i) fixed structures, and ii) floating structures;
c)   advanced methods including probabilistic methodology and physical model testing.

1.1   Scope of EN 1993-6
(1) EN 1993-6 provides rules for structural design of crane supporting structures.
(2) EN 1993-6 is applicable to crane supporting structures, especially to indoor and outdoor overhead crane runway beams, of:
a)   overhead travelling cranes, either:
—   top-mounted cranes;
—   underslung cranes;
b)   monorail hoist blocks.
NOTE   The principles of the design rules can be applied to supporting structures of other types of cranes making due allowance for differences in the crane-induced actions, if exist. For example, the design rules for supporting structures of the cranes listed in (2) assume that the horizontal crane loads occur randomly scattered along the runways in general. This assumption does not apply to other cranes such as travelling wall jib cranes.
(3) EN 1993-6 does not apply to the tracks and suspensions of light crane systems conforming to EN 16851, see Figure 1.1.
NOTE   The standardized tracks and suspensions of light crane systems are considered as parts of the crane.
[Figure 1.1 — Light crane system]
(4) Additional rules are given for ancillary runway items including crane rails, structural end stops, surge connectors and surge girders and for runway supporting structures.
(5) EN 1993-6 does not apply to cranes and all other moving parts.
NOTE   Provisions for cranes are given in EN 13001 (all parts) in general and for bridge and gantry cranes in EN 15011 in particular.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990-1, EN 1991 (all parts)   and EN 1993-1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-6 are applicable if
—   the execution quality and tolerances are as specified in EN 1090-2, and;
—   the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(3) Following interfaces between hoisting device and its supporting structure are assumed:
a)   the top of crane rail for top-mounted cranes;
b)   the top of flange on which the crane or hoist block operates for underslung cranes and monorail hoist blocks;
c)   the support points as shown in Figure 1.1 for light crane systems.

EN 1994-2 gives design rules for steel-concrete composite bridges or members of bridges, supplementary to the general rules given in EN 1994-1-1.

1.1   Scope of EN 1991-3
(1) EN 1991-3 defines actions imposed by cranes and other machines including dynamic effects, if relevant, for the structural design of crane or machine supporting structures.
(2) EN 1991-3 provides guidance on crane classification in terms of dynamic factors and fatigue actions.
(3) EN 1991-3 applies to supporting structures of
—   bridge cranes, gantry cranes and wall cranes travelling on fixed runways;
—   fixed machines that cause a harmonic dynamic loading on fixed supporting structures.
(4) The principles provided in EN 1991-3 can be applied also to determine actions on supporting structures of cranes other than those referred to in (3).
(5) EN 1991-3 does not provide partial factors for actions.
NOTE    For partial factors for actions, see EN 1990-1:2023+A1:2026, Clause A.5.
(6) EN 1991-3 does not provide actions or provisions for the design of cranes and machines.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) The general assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply.
(2) The design of structures supporting cranes or machines is undertaken using information on actions provided by the manufacturer of the crane or machine.

1.1   Scope of FprEN 1993 2
(1) This document provides rules for the structural design of steel bridges and steel parts of steel-concrete composite bridges.
(2) This document is applicable to the resistance, serviceability and durability of steel bridge structures.
(3) The design of tension components and related parts is covered by EN 1993 1 11.
NOTE   For the design of hangers for tied-arch bridges, additional provisions are given in Annex A.
(4) Supplementary requirements for seismic design are given in EN 1998 2.
1.2   Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1998 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in FprEN 1993 2 are applicable if:
-   the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 2 and EN 1090 4, and
-   the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993, or in the relevant material and product specifications.

This document specifies a method of test for determining the ignitability of products by direct small flame impingement under zero impressed irradiance using vertically oriented test specimens.

This document specifies a method of test for determining the ignitability of products by direct small flame impingement under zero impressed irradiance using vertically oriented test specimens.

This document specifies a normalized traffic noise spectrum for the evaluation and assessment of the acoustic performance of devices designed to reduce traffic noise near roads.

This document specifies, for anhydrous bituminous binder (cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders), the measurement of the binder aggregate adhesivity and the influence of adhesion agents or interfacial dopes on adhesion characteristics. This is to help designing binder aggregate systems for surface dressing.
This document specifies methods of measurement of:
—   the mechanical adhesion of the binder to the surface of the aggregate;
—   the active adhesivity of the binder to the chippings;
—   the improvement of the mechanical adhesion and active adhesivity by adding an adhesion agent either into the mass of the binder or by spraying the interface between binder and chippings;
—   the wetting temperature of the binder to the aggregate;
—   the variation of adhesivity below the fragility temperature.
The wetting capacity of the binder affects the adhesivity properties. With the presence of water, the wetting capacity of bitumen emulsion is naturally high. Even if mechanical adhesion and active adhesivity test methods are mainly dedicated to anhydrous bituminous binders (cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders), these measurements can also be practiced with bitumen emulsion with a personalized interpretation of the results that depends on the design of the binder aggregate system. For bitumen emulsion, the adhesivity is conventionally measured through the water immersion test (EN 13614).
This test method is applicable to:
—   bituminous binders used for surface dressings (e.g. conventional or polymer modified binders; mainly anhydrous bituminous binders such as cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders and bitumen emulsions);
—   all the following aggregates sizes that can be used for surface dressings:
—   set 1: 2/5 mm, 5/8 mm, 8/11 mm and 11/16 mm; and
—   set 2: 2/4 mm, 2/6 mm, 4/6 mm, 4/8 mm, 6/10 mm, 6/12 mm and 10/14 mm.
This test method does not apply to quality control on site.
NOTE   Further information concerning the purpose of the test can be found in Annex D.
WARNING – The use of this document can involve hazardous operations. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.