SIST EN 81-43:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2025
Varnostna pravila za konstruiranje in vgradnjo dvigal (liftov) - Posebna dvigala za
prevoz oseb in blaga - 43. del: Dvigala za žerjave
Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special lifts for the transport of
persons and goods - Part 43: Lifts for cranes
Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und Installation von Aufzügen - Besondere
Aufzüge für den Transport von Personen und Gütern - Teil 43: Kranführeraufzüge
Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des élévateurs - Élévateurs
particuliers destinés au transport des personnes et des matériaux - Partie 43: Élévateurs
pour appareils de levage à charge suspendue
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 81-43:2025
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
91.140.90 Dvigala. Tekoče stopnice Lifts. Escalators
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 81-43
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.020.20; 91.140.90 Supersedes EN 81-43:2009
English Version
Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts -
Special lifts for the transport of persons and goods -
Part 43: Lifts for cranes
Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und Installation
des élévateurs - Élévateurs particuliers destinés au von Aufzügen - Besondere Aufzüge für den Transport
transport des personnes et des matériaux - Partie 43: von Personen und Gütern - Teil 43: Kranführeraufzüge
Élévateurs pour appareils de levage à charge
suspendue
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 December 2024.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 81-43:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 12
4.1 Design consideration . 12
4.2 Load actions and proof of competence . 12
4.2.1 General. 12
4.2.2 Dead weight . 16
4.2.3 Rated load . 17
4.2.4 Impact and dynamic factors due to movement of the lift car . 18
4.2.5 Loads due to movements and deflection of the crane . 18
4.2.6 Loads due to wind . 19
4.2.7 Loads due to seismic accelerations . 19
4.2.8 Test loads . 20
4.2.9 Special load actions acting on parts of the lift car . 20
4.2.10 Proof of competence . 20
4.3 Base frame . 21
4.4 Mast, ties and buffers . 21
4.4.1 Guide rails and masts . 21
4.4.2 Ties for mast and guide rails . 21
4.4.3 Buffers . 21
4.5 Liftway protection and landing access . 22
4.5.1 General. 22
4.5.2 Liftway protection . 22
4.5.3 Landing access . 24
4.5.4 Materials for enclosure and guarding . 29
4.5.5 Landing gate locking devices . 29
4.5.6 Clearances . 31
4.6 Car . 31
4.6.1 General. 31
4.6.2 Car floor . 32
4.6.3 Car walls . 32
4.6.4 Car roof . 32
4.6.5 Car gate . 32
4.6.6 Overspeed safety device against falling of the car . 34
4.6.7 Overload detection device . 35
4.7 Drive unit . 36
4.7.1 General. 36
4.7.2 Protection and accessibility . 36
4.7.3 Suspension system . 36
4.7.4 Braking system . 42
4.8 Electric installations and appliances . 43
4.8.1 General. 43
4.8.2 Protection against electric faults . 43
4.8.3 Protection against the effects of external influences . 44
4.8.4 Electric wiring . 44
4.8.5 Contactors, relay-contactors . 44
4.8.6 Electric safety devices . 44
4.8.7 Safety contacts . 45
4.8.8 Safety circuits . 45
4.8.9 Lighting . 47
4.8.10 Safety functions . 48
4.9 Control and limiting devices . 49
4.9.1 General . 49
4.9.2 Travel limit switches . 50
4.9.3 Slack rope device . 50
4.9.4 Mast detection switch . 50
4.9.5 Erection accessories . 50
4.9.6 Stopping devices . 50
4.9.7 Stopping the machine . 51
4.9.8 Drive unit fault detection device for rack and pinion system with two redundant drive
units . 51
4.9.9 Control modes . 51
4.10 Breakdown conditions . 52
4.10.1 Alarm device . 52
4.10.2 Emergency escape . 52
4.10.3 Manual lowering device for permanently installed lifts . 52
4.10.4 Manual lowering device for temporarily installed lifts . 53
5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 53
5.1 Verification of design . 53
5.2 Special verification tests . 55
5.2.1 Introduction . 55
5.2.2 Locking devices for car and landing gates . 56
5.2.3 Overspeed safety device and overspeed governors . 57
5.2.4 Energy accumulation type buffers with buffered return movement and energy
dissipation buffers . 59
5.2.5 Pressure-sensitive protective device . 59
5.3 Verification tests for fitness for purpose . 59
6 Information for use . 59
6.1 Instruction handbook . 59
6.1.1 Comprehensive information. 59
6.1.2 Contents of the instruction handbook . 60
6.2 Markings . 65
6.2.1 General . 65
6.2.2 Identification plate within the car . 65
6.2.3 Mast or guide section identification . 65
6.2.4 Basic user information sign . 65
6.2.5 Warning sign at ground level . 65
6.2.6 Type plate at overspeed safety device . 66
6.2.7 Drive motor label . 66
6.2.8 Marking of control elements . 66
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 67
Annex B (informative)  Identification of subclauses applicable either to permanent or
installed lifts . 70
Annex C (normative) Requirements for the installation of lifts (for cranes) on tower cranes
................................................................................................................................................................... 72
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 74
Bibliography . 77
European foreword
This document (EN 81-43:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 10 “Lifts, escalators
and moving walks”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2025, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by March 2027.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 81-43:2009.
This document is part of the EN 81 series of standards. The structure of the EN 81 series is described in
CEN/TR 81-10:2008.
— revision of requirements for design/calculation (4.2) and integration of requirements for
earthquakes;
— performance level in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2023 have been added;
— a new Annex B (informative) providing information about differences between temporarily installed
lifts/permanent installed lifts has been added;
— a new Annex C (normative) for lifts installed on tower cranes have been added.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies the safety requirements for the construction and installation of power
operated lifts attached to cranes and intended for access to workplaces on cranes. The lift serves defined
landing levels and has a car which is:
a) designed for the transportation of persons and goods;
b) guided;
c) travelling vertically or along a path within 15 degrees maximum from the vertical;
d) supported by rack and pinion or suspended by steel wire ropes;
e) travelling with a speed not more than 1,0 m/s for permanent installed lifts and not more than 0,4 m/s
for temporarily installed lifts.
1.2 This document identifies hazards as listed in Annex A that arise during the various phases in the
life of such equipment and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards when
used as intended by the manufacturer.
This document deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to lifts for cranes,
when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the
manufacturer. This document specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks
arising from the significant hazards (see Annex A).
1.3 This document does not specify requirements for:
a) noise;
b) lightning;
c) potentially explosive atmospheres;
NOTE Directive 2014/34/EU concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially
explosive atmospheres can be applicable to the type of machine or equipment covered by this document. The
present standard is not intended to provide means of complying with the essential health and safety
requirements of Directive 2014/34/EU.
d) electromagnetic compatibility (emission, immunity);
e) handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal,
acids/bases, radiating materials, fragile loads);
f) the use of combustion engines;
g) hydraulic drive units.
1.4 This document is not applicable to:
a) builders hoists according to EN 12158-1:2021, EN 12158-2:2000+A1:2010 and EN 12159:2024 and
transport platforms according to EN 16719:2018;
b) elevating control stations according to EN 14502-2:2005+A1:2008;
c) lifts according to EN 81-20:2020.
1.5 This document deals with the complete lift design but excludes the design of the crane. It includes
the base frame and base enclosure of the lift but excludes the design of any concrete, hard core, timber or
other foundation arrangement. It includes the design of mast ties and the design of anchorage parts
between the mast tie and the crane structure. This document also includes the design of the landing gates
and their fixings.
1.6 This document does not apply to lifts for cranes manufactured before the date of publication of this
document by CEN.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 81-20:2020, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Lifts for the transport of persons
and goods - Part 20: Passenger and goods passenger lifts
EN 81-50:2020, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Examinations and tests - Part 50:
Design rules, calculations, examinations and tests of lift components
EN 894-1:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators - Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 1808:2015, Safety requirements for suspended access equipment - Design calculations, stability criteria,
construction - Examinations and tests
EN 1998-1:2004, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 1: General rules, seismic
actions and rules for buildings
EN 1999-1-1:2023, Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-1: General rules
EN 13001-1:2015, Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2:2021, Crane safety - General design - Part 2: Load actions
EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018, Cranes - General Design - Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of
steel structure
EN 13586:2020, Cranes - Access
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009, Cranes - Safety - Tower cranes
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)(IEC 60529:1991)
EN IEC 60947-4-1:2019, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-
starters - Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters (IEC 60947-4-1:2018)
EN 60947-5-1:2017, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and
switching elements - Electromechanical control circuit devices
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
(ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2023)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body (ISO
13854:2017)
EN ISO 13856-3:2013, Safety of machinery - Pressure-sensitive protective devices - Part 3: General
principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive bumpers, plates, wires and similar devices (ISO 13856-
3:2013)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
EN ISO 14118:2018, Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up (ISO 14118:2017)
EN ISO 14119:2013, Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated with guards - Principles for
design and selection (ISO 14119:2013)
EN ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery - Guards - General requirements for the design and construction
of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120:2015)
ISO 3864-1:2011, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety
signs and safety markings
ISO 4309:2017, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, inspection and discard
ISO 6336-1:2019, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basic principles,
introduction and general influence factors
ISO 6336-2:2019, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface
durability (pitting)
ISO 6336-3:2019, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 3: Calculation of tooth
bending strength
ISO 6336-5:2016, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of
materials
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100:2010 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
lift
machine with a car which is guided and intended for transport between different levels
3.2
rated load
maximum load for which the lift has been designed to carry in service
3.3
rated speed
travelling speed of the car in m/s for which the equipment has been designed
3.4
wire rope lift
lift which uses a wire rope as an element in the drive system to move the car
3.5
supporting structure
crane and its foundations, giving vertical or horizontal support to the mast of the lift
3.6
rack and pinion lift
lift which uses a toothed rack and pinion as the load suspension and drive system
3.7
base frame
lowest framework of the lift, upon which the mast is supported
3.8
guide rails
rigid elements which determine the travel way of the car, that can form part of the mast
3.9
mast
structure that supports and guides the car
3.10
mast section
indivisible piece of mast between two adjacent mast joints
3.11
mast tie
connection system between the mast of the lift and the supporting structure, providing horizontal
support for the mast
3.12
liftway
total space which is travelled by the car
3.13
car
hoist cage including floor, walls, gates and roof
3.14
stopping distance
distance the car moves from the moment when the control or safety circuit is broken until the car has
come to a full stop
3.15
overspeed safety device
combination of overspeed detecting device (3.17) and safety gear (3.18)
3.16
overspeed detecting device
device which, when the lift attains a predetermined speed in downwards direction, causes the safety gear
to be triggered/applied
3.17
safety gear
mechanical device for stopping and maintaining stationary the lift car on the guide rail, rack or rope
3.18
slack rope
rope, normally under tension, from which all external loads have been removed
3.19
wire rope termination
adaptation at the end of a wire rope permitting attachment
3.20
landing
level in the crane structure intended for loading and unloading the car
3.21
guard rail
fixed equipment, other than gates, which is used to prevent people from falling or from reaching
hazardous areas
3.22
normal operation
usual operating conditions for the lift when in use for carrying loads but excluding routine maintenance,
erection, dismantling etc. of the lift
3.23
in service
condition during use of the lift when the car is in any position, loaded or unloaded, moving or stationary
3.24
out of service
installed condition when the unloaded car is positioned such that it is provided with the most shelter
from the wind (normally, but not necessarily, ground level)
3.25
overrun
travel of the car beyond the normal stopping positions at its uppermost and its lowermost landing
3.26
temporarily installed lift for cranes
lift attached to or installed inside tower cranes for temporary construction
Note 1 to entry: A lift installed inside a crane is considered temporarily installed even if it remains inside the
structural elements of the crane but the crane is regularly assembled and disassembled.
3.27
permanently installed lift for cranes
lift attached to cranes, not covered by 3.26
3.28
safety rope
steel wire rope, only carrying the load when the safety device is activated
3.29
lift landing platform
platform and access means intended to provide access and rest at a landing level located between the
tower crane own accesses and the landing gate of a lift
Note 1 to entry: The lift landing platform can be integrated into the rest platform of the tower crane
3.30
unlocking zone
zone, extending above and below the landing level, in which the car floor has to be to enable the
corresponding landing gate to be unlocked
3.31
buffer
resilient stop at the end of travel, and comprising a means of braking using fluids or springs (or other
similar means)
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 Design consideration
The design of the lift shall consider normal operation, erection, dismantling, inspection and maintenance.
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for hazards
relevant but not significant, which are not dealt with by this document (e.g. sharp edges).
The design of all components that have to be handled during erection e.g. mast sections, shall have their
weight assessed against manual handling.
All removable and detachable covers shall be retained by captive fastenings.
Specific design requirements for the installation of lift on tower cranes are given in Annex C, C.2.
4.2 Load actions and proof of competence
4.2.1 General
The proof of competence shall be made according to EN 13001-1:2015 using load actions and load
combinations according to this standard amended by information given in EN 13001-2:2021 and
EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018. If specific values are given in the product standards of the crane, those
shall be taken.
The design of the structure of the lift as a whole and each part of it shall be based on the effects of any
possible combination of loads as specified in this clause. The load combinations shall consider the least
favourable locations of the car and load relative to the mast and its ties, both during the vertical passage
of the car and any horizontal movement of the car. Ties between the mast and the supporting structure
are considered to be part of the lift structure.
The structure of the lift shall be designed in such a way that the proof of competence is fulfilled under all
conditions, including erection and dismantling.
These load combinations are summarized in Table 2.
Use of forces, load combinations and formulas in accordance with EN 81-20:2020, 5.7 is accepted for
permanent installed lifts. Forces and load combinations not covered by EN 81-20:2020 such as mobility,
wind forces and rated load shall be calculated according to this document.
The impact factors μ and μ shall be applied the in the same way as the dynamic factors ϕ as described
1 2 i
in EN 13001-1:2015.
FprEN 81-43:2025 (E)
Table 2 — Load combinations and safety factors
Load Load
Load combinations C
Clause in
combinations A combinations B
this Loads No.
document
γ γ γ
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9
p p p
All dead weights with the
ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ
4.2.2 1 1,22 1,16 1,1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
exception of the car a)
4.2.2 Dead weight of the
μ μ μ μ μ
2 1,22 1 1,16 1 1,1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2 1
4.2.4.1 unloaded car
4.2.3.1 Rated load evenly
μ μ μ μ
3 1,34  1,22  1,1  1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2
4.2.4.1 distributed
Rated load during
4.2.3.2 4 1,34  1 1,22  1 1,1
loading and unloading
Vertical forces due to
ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ
4.2.5.1 5 1,34 1,22 1,1       –
4 4 4 4
mobility
Horizontal forces due to
ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ
4.2.5.2 6 1,34 1,22 1,1       –
5 5 5 5
mobility
4.2.6.2 Wind in service a) 7    1,22 1 1 1,1
– Snow and ice b) 8    1,22 1 1 1,1 1
– Temperature c) 9    1,16 1 1 1,05 1
4.2.6.3 Wind out of service a) 10       1,1 1
Forces created by the
ϕ
4.2.4.3 11       1,1
buffers of the lift
Forces created by the
ϕ
4.2.5.3 12       1,1
buffers of the crane a)
4.9.5 Forces created by
ϕ
13       1,1
4.2.4.2 emergency stop of the lift
Forces created by
ϕ
4.2.5.2 emergency stop of the crane 14       1,1
a)
Forces due to seismic
4.2.7 15       1,1      1
accelerations a)
Categori
Occasional
Exceptional loads Regular loads es of
loads
loads
Load Load
Load combinations C
Clause in
combinations A combinations B
this Loads No.
document
γ γ γ
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9
p p p
Forces due to erection and
4.2.6.4 dismantling of the lift, incl. 16       1,1       1
wind loads a)
μ
4.2.8 Evenly distributed test load 17       1,1
Overall safety factor γ
Steel  1,48 1,34 1,22
f
(for allowable stress
Aluminium  1,71 1,55 1,41
design)
Steel  1,1  1,1  1,1
Resistance coefficient γ
m
Aluminium  1,28  1,28  1,28

Categori
es of
loads
Index:
a) Load according to EN 13001-2:2021 or the product standard of the crane
b) Load according to EN 13001-2:2021, 4.2.3.2 or the product standard of the crane
c) Load according to EN 13001-2:2021, 4.2.3.3 or the product standard of the crane
Parameter:
γ Partial safety factor
p
γ Resistance coefficient
m
γ Overall safety factor
f
μ Impact factor on moving loads in case of normal travelling (4.2.4.1)
μ Impact factor on moving loads in case of activation of overspeed safety device (4.2.4.2)
ϕ Dynamic factor for hoisting and gravity effects acting on the mass of the crane (EN 13001-2:2021)
ϕ Dynamic factor for loads caused by travelling on uneven surface (EN 13001-2:2021)
ϕ Dynamic factor for loads caused by acceleration of all crane drives (EN 13001-2:2021)
ϕ Dynamic factor for loads due to buffer forces (EN 13001-2:2021)
Load combination definitions:
A – Load combinations A contain loads for normal use of crane and lift
A1 Normal use of the lift and normal use of the crane (lifting and lowering of crane load)
A2 Loading and unloading of the lift and normal use of the crane
B – Load combinations B contain loads for normal use combined with occasional loads
B1 A1+ wind in service, snow and ice and temperature
B2 A2+ wind in service, snow and ice and temperature
C – Load combinations C contain loads for normal use combined with exceptional loads
C1 Lift and crane out of service
C2 Lift contacts the buffer
C3 Crane contacts the buffer
C4 Emergency-stop of the lift
C5 Emergency-stop of the crane
C6 Excitation of lift and crane due to seismic loads, where applicable
C7 Erection and dismantling of the lift
C8 Triggering of overspeed safety device of the lift
C9 Overload test with 1,25-times of rated load
4.2.2 Dead weight
When calculating the lift structure and every related component, the gravity forces of following masses
shall be taken into account:
— all masses with the exception of the car and equipment which moves together with the car;
— mass of the unloaded car and all equipment which moves together with the car;
— mass of landing platforms and gates, if supported by the lift.
4.2.3 Rated load
4.2.3.1 Rated load during normal use
Rated load evenly distributed over the floor area of the car shall be considered Where the uniform
distribution of the rated load over the full area of the car floor is less than 4,0 kN/m then, for calculation
purposes a minimum of 4,0 kN/m shall be placed over the whole area of the car floor.
4.2.3.2 Loads during loading and unloading
For rated loads greater than 5,0 kN the forces during loading and unloading (see Figure 1) shall be
considered as the concurrent effect of a vertical force and a horizontal force, each calculated as follows:
— a vertical force F of 2,0 kN per 1,0 m width of the car entrance, but not less than 1,5 kN;
V
— a horizontal force F of 10 % of the rated load, but not less than 0,3 kN;
H
both forces acting in the middle of the width of the car entrance, at floor level. The stresses in the mast
and also in the car shall be calculated for at least the following application points of the loading and
unloading forces:
a) the car threshold;
b) the leading edge of any ramp or other extension, which is not supported by the landing.
At the same time any remaining part of the rated load shall be applied in the centre of the car floor (F ).
V1
Equivalent forces shall be used to design the landing threshold and all relevant supporting structures.
Information shall be given in the instruction handbook with regard to these forces.
Key
F horizontal force
h
F vertical force
v
F rated load in the centre
v1
Figure 1 — One example of forces during loading and unloading
4.2.4 Impact and dynamic factors due to movement of the lift car
4.2.4.1 The effect of moving loads shall be determined by taking the weight of all masses (car, rated
load, wire ropes etc.) and multiplying them by an impact factor µ = (1,1 + 0,264v) where v is the rated
speed in m/s.
4.2.4.2 To determine the forces produced by an operation of the overspeed safety device, the sum of
the travelling weight shall be multiplied by the factor according to EN 81-20:2020, 5.7.4.4.
A lower factor, but not less than 1,2 can be used if it may be verified by test under all conditions of loading
up to 1,3 times rated load including any inertia effects of the drive unit.
4.2.4.3 Forces created by driving against the buffers shall be calculated correspond to a retardation
of 1 g.
4.2.5 Loads due to movements and deflection of the crane
4.2.5.1 A vertical force depending on the speed of the crane caused by travelling on uneven surface
shall be taken into account according to EN 13001-2:2021, 4.2.2.4.
4.2.5.2 Horizontal forces due to the movements of the crane structure to which the lift is fitted (e.g.
travelling, etc. as well as emergency stops) shall be taken into account according to EN 13001-2:2021,
4.2.2.5 and 4.2.4.7.
4.2.5.3 Buffer forces due to the crane movements shall be taken into account according to
EN 13001-2:2021, 4.2.4.4.
4.2.5.4 Loads due to deflection of the crane structure to which the lift is fitted, see 4.4.2 and 6.1.2.3
h).
NOTE For lifts installed on tower cranes, see Annex C.
Information shall be given in the instruction handbook with regard to these forces.
4.2.6 Loads due to wind
4.2.6.1 General
Loads due to wind shall be calculated according to EN 13001-2:2021.
When calculating wind load on the car it shall be assumed that the car walls are solid and an aerodynamic
coefficient of c = 1,2 shall be applied.
The aerodynamic wind pressure q(z) is calculated by the general equation:
q(z) = ρ / 2 * v(z)
where
q(z)
];
is the
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