SIST EN 62822-2:2016

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2016
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Assessment of electric welding equipment related to resctrictions of human exposure to
electromagnetic fields (0Hz . 300 GHz) - Part 2: Basic standard for arc welding
equipment (IEC 62822-2:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62822-2:2016
ICS:
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
25.160.30 Varilna oprema Welding equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62822-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2016
ICS 25.160; 25.160.30
English Version
Electric welding equipment - Assessment of restrictions related
to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) -
Part 2: Arc welding equipment
(IEC 62822-2:2016)
Matériels de soudage électrique - Évaluation des Bewertung Elektrischer Schweisseinrichtungen in Bezug
restrictions relatives à l'exposition humaine aux champs auf Begrenzungen der Exposition von Personen gegenüber
électromagnétiques (0 Hz à 300 GHz) - Elektromagnetischen Feldern (0 Hz - 300 GHz) -
Partie 2: Matériels de soudage à l'arc Teil 2: Grundnorm für Lichtbogenschweißeinrichtungen
(IEC 62822-2:2016) (IEC 62822-2:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2016-05-04. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 62822-2:2016 E
European foreword
The text of document 26/584/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62822-2, prepared by IEC/TC 26 "Electric
welding" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2017-03-16
• latest date by which the document has to be
implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2019-09-16
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62822-2:2016 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:

IEC 62226-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62226-1.
IEC 62226-2-1:2004 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62226-2-1:2005 (not modified).
IEC 62311 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62311.
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60050-851 2008 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - - -
Part 851: Electric welding
IEC 60974-1 -  Arc welding equipment - EN 60974-1 -
Part 1: Welding power sources
IEC 60974-6 -  Arc welding equipment - EN 60974-6 -
Part 6: Limited duty equipment
IEC 61786-1 -  Measurement of DC magnetic, AC EN 61786-1 -
magnetic and AC electric fields from 1 Hz
to 100 kHz with regard to exposure of
human beings -
Part 1: Requirements for measuring
instruments
IEC 61786-2 -  Measurement of DC magnetic, AC EN 61788-2 -
magnetic and AC electric fields from 1 Hz
to 100 kHz with regard to exposure of
human beings -
Part 2: Basic standard for measurements
IEC 62822-1 -  Electric welding equipment - Assessment EN 62822-1 -
of restrictions related to human exposure
to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz)
- Part 1: Product family standard

IEC 62822-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2016-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Electric welding equipment – Assessment of restrictions related to human

exposure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) –

Part 2: Arc welding equipment
Matériels de soudage électrique – Évaluation des restrictions relatives à

l'exposition humaine aux champs électromagnétiques (0 Hz à 300 GHz) –

Partie 2: Matériels de soudage à l’arc

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 25.160; 25.160.30 ISBN 978-2-8322-3271-2

– 2 – IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references. 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Quantities and units . 8
3.3 Constants . 8
4 Requirements . 8
5 Assessment methods . 8
5.1 General considerations . 8
5.1.1 Time averaging . 8
5.1.2 Spatial averaging of external field values . 8
5.1.3 Spatial averaging of intracorporeal values . 9
5.1.4 Equipment with pulsed or non-sinusoidal welding current . 9
5.1.5 Considerations for spectral analysis . 12
5.1.6 Uncertainty of assessment . 13
5.2 Measurement of external field levels . 14
5.2.1 General . 14
5.2.2 Measurement equipment . 14
5.3 Calculation of external field levels . 14
5.3.1 General . 14
5.3.2 Source model and calculation equation . 14
5.4 Calculation of intracorporeal levels . 15
5.4.1 General . 15
5.4.2 Source model . 15
5.4.3 Body model for analytical calculations . 15
5.4.4 Anatomical body models for numerical calculations . 17
6 Assessment conditions . 18
6.1 Assessment configurations . 18
6.1.1 General . 18
6.1.2 Exposure of the head . 18
6.1.3 Exposure of the trunk . 21
6.1.4 Exposure of limbs . 24
6.2 Welding current conditions . 26
6.2.1 General . 26
6.2.2 Single operating mode . 27
6.2.3 Multiple operating modes . 28
6.2.4 Worst case power source capability . 28
6.2.5 Current ripple . 28
7 EMF data sheet and assessment report . 28
Annex A (informative) Example for EMF data sheet structure . 30
Annex B (informative) Assessment example for maximum power-source capability . 31
B.1 Equipment description . 31
B.2 Welding current measurement and spectral analysis . 31
B.3 Assessment of non-thermal effects . 32
Annex C (informative) Summation with approximated and piecewise linear limit values . 36

IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 3 –
Annex D (informative) Coupling factors for various distances and disk radii . 37
Bibliography . 38

Figure 1 – Piecewise linear and approximated limit amplitudes . 11
Figure 2 – Piecewise linear and approximated summation function phase angles . 11
Figure 3 – Spectral synthesis for the validation of the analysis . 12
Figure 4 – Equivalent waveform for non-repetitive signals . 13
Figure 5 – Conducting disk in a uniform magnetic flux density . 15
Figure 6 – Electrical conductivity for homogeneous body models . 16
Figure 7 – Field measurement at head position . 19
Figure 8 – Field calculation at head position . 19
Figure 9 – Analytical calculation of intracorporeal metrics for the head . 20
Figure 10 – Numerical calculation of intracorporeal metrics for the head . 21
Figure 11 – Field measurement at trunk position . 21
Figure 12 – Field calculation at trunk position . 22
Figure 13 – Analytical calculation of intracorporeal metrics for the trunk . 22
Figure 14 – Numerical calculation of intracorporeal metrics for the trunk . 23
Figure 15 – Field measurement at limb positions, hand and thigh . 24
Figure 16 – Field calculation at limb positions, hand and thigh . 24
Figure 17 – Analytical calculation of intracorporeal metrics for hand and thigh . 25
Figure 18 – Numerical calculation of intracorporeal metrics for hand and thigh . 26
Figure B.1 – Example 1 – Current ripple . 31
Figure B.2 – Example 1 – Maximum power-source capability . 32
Figure B.3 – Example 1 – EI calculation element . 33
Figure B.4 – Example 1 – EI calculation summary . 34
Figure B.5 – Example 1 – EMF data sheet . 35
Figure C.1 – EI comparison with approximated and piecewise linear values . 36

Table 1 – Phase angles of weighting function or summation function . 9
Table 2 – Radii and coupling factors for 2D disk models . 16
Table D.1 – Coupling factors for various distances and disk radii . 37

– 4 – IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRIC WELDING EQUIPMENT – ASSESSMENT OF
RESTRICTIONS RELATED TO HUMAN EXPOSURE TO
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (0 Hz to 300 GHz) –

Part 2: Arc welding equipment
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62822-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 26:
Electric welding.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
26/584/FDIS 26/591/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 5 –
A list of all parts in the IEC 62822 series, published under the general title Electric welding
equipment – Assessment of restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields
(0 Hz to 300 GHz), can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 6 – IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016
ELECTRIC WELDING EQUIPMENT – ASSESSMENT OF
RESTRICTIONS RELATED TO HUMAN EXPOSURE TO
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (0 Hz to 300 GHz) –

Part 2: Arc welding equipment
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62822 applies to equipment for arc welding and allied processes designed for
occupational use by professionals and for use by laymen.
NOTE 1 Typical allied processes are electric arc cutting and arc spraying.
This standard specifies procedures for the assessment of human exposure to magnetic fields
produced by arc welding. It covers non-thermal biological effects in the frequency range from
0 Hz to 10 MHz and defines standardized test scenarios.
NOTE 2 The general term “field” is used throughout this document for “magnetic field”.
NOTE 3 For the assessment of exposure to electric fields and thermal effects, the methods specified in the
Generic Standard IEC 62311 apply.
This standard does not define methods for workplace assessment regarding the risks arising
from electromagnetic fields (EMF). However, the EMF data that results from the application of
this standard can be used to assist in workplace assessment.
Other standards may apply to products covered by this standard. In particular this standard
cannot be used to demonstrate electromagnetic compatibility with other equipment. It does
not specify any product safety requirements other than those specifically related to human
exposure to electromagnetic fields.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-851:2008, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 851: Electric welding
IEC 60974-1, Arc welding equipment – Part 1: Welding power sources
IEC 60974-6, Arc welding equipment – Part 6: Limited duty equipment
IEC 61786-1, Measurement of DC magnetic, AC magnetic and AC electric fields from 1 Hz to
100 kHz with regard to exposure of human beings – Part 1: Requirements for measuring
instruments
IEC 61786-2, Measurement of DC magnetic, AC magnetic and AC electric fields from 1 Hz to
100 kHz with regard to exposure of human beings – Part 2: Basic standard for measurements
IEC 62822-1, Electric welding equipment – Assessment of restrictions related to human
exposure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) – Part 1: Product family standard

IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 7 –
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-851 on
electric welding, in IEC 60974-1 and IEC 60974-6, as well as the following, apply.
3.1.1
basic restrictions
exposure limit value
restrictions on exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields that are based
directly on established health effects and biological considerations
3.1.2
exposure index
EI
result of the evaluation of exposure to (both sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal) EMF, expressed
as a fraction or percentage of the permissible values
Note 1 to entry: Fractions higher than 1 (100 %) represent exceeding the permissible values.
3.1.3
general public
individuals of all ages and of varying health conditions
Note 1 to entry: Varying ages and health conditions can increase the individuals susceptibilities to EMF.
3.1.4
general public exposure
the exposure of members of the general public to EMF
Note 1 to entry: In many cases, members of the general public are unaware of their exposure to EMF.
3.1.5
health effects
adverse effects, such as thermal heating or stimulation of nerve and muscle tissue as a result
of human exposure to EMF
3.1.6
intracorporeal
situated or occurring within the body
3.1.7
layman
operator who does not weld in the performance of his profession and may have little or no
formal instruction in welding
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-851:2008, 851-11-14, modified – "arc welding" was replaced by
"welding"]
3.1.8
non-thermal effects
the stimulation of muscles, nerves or sensory organs as a result of human exposure to EMF
3.1.9
occupational exposure
the exposure of workers to EMF at their workplaces, generally under known conditions, and
as a result of performing their regular or assigned job activities

– 8 – IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016
Note 1 to entry: A worker is any person employed by an employer, including trainees and apprentices.
3.1.10
reference levels
action levels
directly measurable quantities, derived from basic restrictions, provided for practical exposure
assessment purposes
Note 1 to entry: Respect of the reference levels will ensure respect of the relevant basic restriction. If the
reference levels are exceeded, it does not necessarily follow that the basic restriction will be exceeded.
3.1.11
sensory effects
transient disturbed sensory perceptions and minor changes in brain functions as a result of
human exposure to EMF
3.2 Quantities and units
The internationally accepted SI units are used throughout this document.
Physical quantity Symbol Unit Dimension
–2
Current density J Ampere per square metre A m
–1
Electric conductivity Siemens per metre S m
σ
Electric current I Ampere A
–1
Electric field strength E Volt per metre V m
Frequency ƒ Hertz Hz
–2
Magnetic flux density B Tesla T (Vs m )
–1
Permeability Henry per metre H m
µ
3.3 Constants
Physical constant Symbol Magnitude Dimension
–7 –1
Permeability of free space µ 4⋅π ⋅10 H m
4 Requirements
Equipment shall be assessed as defined in Clause 7, using the methods given in Clause 5
and the conditions defined in Clause 6. The results shall be reported as specified in Clause 7.
5 Assessment methods
5.1 General considerations
5.1.1 Time averaging
Time averaging of exposure is not permitted for non-thermal effects unless the applied
national or international requirements explicitly specify time averaging procedures.
5.1.2 Spatial averaging of external field values
Reference levels are typically based on spatial averaging over the relevant part of the body. If
spatial averaging of exposure is not excluded and no specific procedures are defined in
applicable national and international requirements, the procedures detailed in the relevant
subclauses of 6.1 shall be applied.

IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 9 –
5.1.3 Spatial averaging of intracorporeal values
If spatial averaging of exposure is not excluded and no specific procedures are specified in
applicable national and international requirements, the procedures detailed in the relevant
subclauses of 5.3 and 6.1 shall be applied.
5.1.4 Equipment with pulsed or non-sinusoidal welding current
5.1.4.1 General
Several methods for the assessment of pulsed and non-sinusoidal fields are available. For the
purpose of this standard, only the weighted peak methods as given in 5.1.4.2 and 5.1.4.3 are
applicable. For additional information, see IEC 61786-2. The result of these calculation
methods is the exposure index (EI).
NOTE Applications of the weighted peak method in time domain or frequency domain are mathematically
equivalent and give exactly the same results, if applied correctly. For some cases, e.g. when large numbers of
spectral components have to be considered for the complete analysis of a signal, the application of the time
domain method can be less complex.
Phase angles used for the weighted peak methods are given in Table 1.
Table 1 – Phase angles of weighting function or summation function
a) 2 0
proportionality p 1/ƒ 1/ƒ ƒ (constant) ƒ
A
b)
180° 90° 0° -90°
phase angle ϕ
I
a)
p is the proportionality factor defining the variation of the basic restriction/reference level as specified in the
A
applicable national and international requirements.
b)
ϕ is the phase angle of the weighting function or summation function.
I
5.1.4.2 Weighted peak method in the time domain
For time domain evaluation, an evaluation system which incorporates a weighting function is
applicable. The evaluation shall be based on the peak value of the weighted signal. This
method can be used for both external field levels and intracorporeal metrics.
For comparison with the given exposure levels, the weighting function shall have a frequency
response which matches the applicable national and international requirements, so that the
weighting and summation of spectral components occurs in the time domain.
Further information on this method is given in IEC 62311.
The attenuation and phase angles of the weighting functions can be approximated with
electronic or digital filters. The attenuation shall not deviate more than 3 dB and the phase
angles not more than 90° from the piecewise linear frequency response. The piecewise linear
values for phase angles are given in Table 1.
5.1.4.3 Weighted peak method in the frequency domain
For frequency domain evaluation, a phase corrected summation of the weighted spectral
components of the signal is applicable. The evaluation shall be based on the peak value of
the weighted signal as given in Equation (1).This method can be used for both external field
levels and intracorporeal metrics.
The sum of the weighted spectral components shall not exceed 1 at any time t within the
evaluation interval, which shall be one period of the pulsed or non-sinusoidal signal. The time
increments used for evaluation shall be less than or equal to 1/10 of the period of the highest
relevant spectral component, as defined in 5.1.5.4.

– 10 – IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016
A
i
cos(2×π × f × t +θ + ϕ ) ≤ 1 (1)
i i i
∑
L
i
i
where
A is the amplitude of the spectral component at frequency ƒ ;
i i
L is the applicable limit at frequency ƒ
i i
ƒ is the frequency of the spectral component i;
i
θ is the phase angle of the spectral component at frequency ƒ ;
i i
φ is the phase angle of the summation function at frequency ƒ , see Table 1.
i i
The amplitudes and phase angles of the limit values can be approximated with electronic or
digital filters. The amplitudes shall not deviate more than 3 dB and the phase angles not more
than 90° from the piecewise linear frequency response. The piecewise linear values for phase
angles are given in Table 1.
Approximation of the piecewise linear values of limits L at frequencies ƒ shall be done using
i i
complex functions such as Equation (2). The initial amplitude V , the number of corner
frequencies and the position of the relevant terms are dependent on the applicable limits.
(1+ s ω )(1+ s ω )(1+ s ω )
i 1 i 2 i 3
L = V (2)
i 0
(1+ s ω )(1+ s ω )(1+ s ω )
i 4 i 5 i 6
where
s is calculated as j 2 π ƒ ;
i i
th
ω is ω at the n corner frequency f ;
n c n
th
ƒ is the n corner frequency.
c n
An example for a piecewise linear limit and the derived approximation is shown in Figure 1.
The example shows the combined reference levels for sensory and health effects in the head
as specified in the European EMF Workers Directive 2013/35/EU [2] .
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 11 –

IEC
Figure 1 – Piecewise linear and approximated limit amplitudes
The phase angles φ of the summation function shall be calculated from the complex function
i
for the approximated amplitudes. An example for piecewise linear phase angles and the
phase angles of the derived approximation is shown in Figure 2, an example for the effect of
this approximation is given in Annex C. The example in Figure 2 shows the phase angle of the
combined reference levels for sensory and health effects in the head as specified in the
European EMF Workers Directive 2013/35/EU [2].
IEC
Figure 2 – Piecewise linear and approximated summation function phase angles

– 12 – IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016
5.1.5 Considerations for spectral analysis
5.1.5.1 Validation
The results of spectral analyses, i.e. the amplitudes and phase angles of the spectral
components of the assessed welding current or magnetic field, shall be validated. An example
for validation by spectral synthesis is given in Figure 3.
NOTE The purpose of the validation is to check if major mistakes were made when performing spectral analysis
(e.g. 90° errors in the phase angles) rather than checking for small deviations due to sampling rates or digitizing.
IEC
Figure 3 – Spectral synthesis for the validation of the analysis
5.1.5.2 Analysis of repetitive signals
Spectral analysis of repetitive signals (e.g. pulsed welding, a.c. welding or the welding current
ripple) shall be based on one full cycle of the signal, where the amplitude at the beginning
and the end of the assessment time-frame shall be equal. The number of spectral components
to be calculated, i.e. the highest frequency covered by the spectral components, shall comply
with the requirements given in 5.1.5.4.
5.1.5.3 Analysis of non-repetitive signals
In order to simplify the spectral analysis of non-repetitive signals (e.g. the maximum rate of
change of current with respect to time (di/dt) capability of the welding power source), the
constant part after the change can be replaced by a slope with a weighted value that is
considerably lower than that of the change to be assessed, and does not influence the
resulting value of the exposure index EI. The repetition time shall be sufficiently long to allow
the EI curve to decay to zero before the end of the artificial cycle. By this, the non-repetitive
signal is replaced by a repetitive signal that can be assessed as given in 5.1.5.2.
See Figure 4.
IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 13 –

IEC
Figure 4 – Equivalent waveform for non-repetitive signals
5.1.5.4 Frequency range limitations
Assessment, dependent on the type of welding current waveform, shall be made in the
relevant frequency range from 0 Hz (d.c., as applicable) to an upper frequency defined as the
highest applicable value of
– 1 kHz for single phase transformer-rectifier types;
– 3 kHz for three phase transformer-rectifier types;
– 10 kHz for thyristor controlled types;
– 10 times the ripple frequency for inverter types;
– 10 times the a.c. welding current frequency;
– the frequency ƒ defined by the minimum rise or fall time τ of the maximum welding
max p min
current (10 % to 90 %, from 0 A to I or I ).
2 max pos 2 max neg
f =10× (3)
max
4×τ
p min
The maximum upper frequency within the scope of this standard is 10 MHz.
The manufacturer, based on his knowledge of the process or special techniques used in the
apparatus, shall select a higher upper frequency if applicable. An example for such a case is
an a.c. square-wave power source.
If the output-current ripple-amplitude meets the exclusion criteria given in IEC 62822-1, the
upper frequency range boundary based on ripple frequency can be neglected.
5.1.6 Uncertainty of assessment
The expanded uncertainty of the assessment shall be calculated as defined in IEC 61786-2.
If the expanded uncertainty is higher than the value specified IEC 62822-1, and the
assessment is not proven to provide conservative results (i.e. overestimates the exposure),
the method to calculate penalties given in IEC 62822-1 shall be applied.

– 14 – IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016
5.2 Measurement of external field levels
5.2.1 General
This method is based on field measurements and can be used to show compliance without the
need for complex calculation or modelling procedures related to basic restrictions. Reference
levels typically include additional margins and are derived from the basic restrictions by using
assumptions with regard to the properties of the field and the coupling conditions. Therefore
this method represents a conservative approach and generally overestimates exposure.
The results shall be compared to the limits that are applicable to the relevant parts of the
body as specified in IEC 62822-1.
Field measurements shall be made with straight welding cables carrying the relevant test
current I . Return cables shall be routed in a way that eliminates or minimizes the influence of
t
the return current on the measured field.
In the case of a metallic floor, the welding cables shall be placed on a non-metallic support
with a minimum height of 0,8 m. Any other metallic objects, which could distort the magnetic
field, should be at a horizontal distance of at least 2 m from the measurement points.
Measurements of background levels are recommended to establish the presence of external
fields.
If necessary the influence of external field sources should be minimized. For medium and high
frequency ranges this can be achieved by measurements in shielded enclosures, which shall
be of sufficient size to avoid field distortion. Generally, increasing the distance to external
sources of magnetic fields will dramatically decrease the background field strength.
5.2.2 Measurement equipment
The field probes(s) used for measurement shall comply with the requirements of IEC 61786-1,
2 2
the probe(s) shall be of an area of 3 cm ± 0,6 cm .
5.3 Calculation of external field levels
5.3.1 General
This method is based on analytical field calculations using welding current parameters and
other data (e.g. source models and assessment configuration) and can be used to show
compliance without the need for extensive field measurement campaigns or complex
calculation or modelling procedures related to basic restrictions. Reference levels typically
include additional margins and are derived from the basic restrictions by using assumptions
with regard to the properties of the field and the coupling conditions. Therefore this method
represents a conservative approach and generally overestimates exposure.
The results shall be compared to the limits that are applicable to the relevant parts of the
body as specified in IEC 62822-1.
5.3.2 Source model and calculation equation
The model of an infinite single straight wire shall be used. Reference levels are typically
applicable to field levels B that are averaged over the relevant part of the body, therefore
AV
Equation (4), which includes averaging of the maximum and minimum values over the
assessment range covered, shall be applied.
 
µ × I 1 1
0 t
  (4)
B = × +
AV
 
4 ×π d d
 1 2 
IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 15 –
where
d is the smallest distance between the body part and the virtual welding cable;
d is the largest distance between the body part and the virtual welding cable;
I is the value of a spectral component or the total value of the welding current.
t
NOTE Equation (4) can be used for any type of current values. The type of current values for the above equation
needs to match the type of limit used for assessment (for example, r.m.s. current values will result in r.m.s. field
values).
Simplified versions of Equation (4), considering the standardized distances to and dimensions
of relevant body parts, are given in the relevant subclauses of 6.1.
If spatial averaging is not allowed, Equation (4) shall be used with d equal to d .
2 1
5.4 Calculation of intracorporeal levels
5.4.1 General
Analytical and numerical calculations of body internal metrics shall be based on the external
field generated by the welding circuit and its coupling to body models. External field strengths
shall be calculated, to obtain realistic results the use of anatomical body models should be
combined with numerical calculation of the field-distribution.
The results for the relevant tissues and/or parts of the body shall be compared to the
applicable limits as specified in IEC 62822-1.
5.4.2 Source model
The model of an infinite single straight wire shall be used.
5.4.3 Body model for analytical calculations
5.4.3.1 General
The simplest analytical model used in EMF health guidelines is based on the hypothesis of
coupling between a uniform external magnetic field at a single frequency, and a homogeneous
disk of given conductivity, used to represent the part of the body under consideration. This is
illustrated in Figure 5.
IEC
NOTE The source of this figure is Figure 1 of IEC 62226-2-1:2004.
Figure 5 – Conducting disk in a uniform magnetic flux density
The effects (current density and electric field strength) induced in the disk by a non-uniform
magnetic field from a localised source are always lower than the effects that would be induced
by a uniform magnetic field whose magnitude is equal to the magnitude of the non-uniform
field at the edge of the disk closest to the localised source. This reduction of induced effects
for non-uniform fields is quantified using the coupling factor K.

– 16 – IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016
More information on the 2D disk model and the coupling factor K is given in IEC 62226-2-1.
5.4.3.2 Parameters for 2D disk models
The radii of the disks which shall be used for calculations with regard to head, trunk and limbs
of the welder´s body are given in Table 2, together with the coupling factors applicable to the
respective standardized assessment distances.
Table 2 – Radii and coupling factors for 2D disk models
limbs
head trunk
hand thigh
Disk radius R 100 mm 200 mm 30 mm 100 mm
a)
Coupling factor K 0,682 at 100 mm 0,556 at 100 mm 0,629 at 30 mm 0,432 at 30 mm
a)
The coupling factor K is dependent on both the radius of the disk and the distance to the welding cable. The
values given here are applicable to the standardized distances as defined in 6.1.2.3, 6.1.3.3 and 6.1.4.3.
Correction factors for other distances, if needed, can be found in Table D.1 or be derived based on the

information given in IEC 62226-2-1.

5.4.3.3 Conductivity for 2D disk models
The value of the electrical parameters to be used for human body modelling is of critical
importance with regard to the computation of induced current densities. Average values of
electrical conductivity σ for a human body are given in Figure 6. These average values shall
only be used for assessment procedures using simplified body models with homogeneous
electrical conductivity.
IEC
Figure 6 – Electrical conductivity for homogeneous body models
The average values in Figure 6, combined with the application of homogeneous body models,
provide a conservative approach to the assessment of exposure. Therefore the uncertainty for
these values shall be taken as 0 %.

IEC 62822-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 17 –
5.4.3.4 Calculation equations for 2D disk models
The induced current density J and the internal electric field E in a disk with the conductivity σ
i
are closely linked by the simple relation given in Equati
...