SIST EN 50496:2018

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 50496:2009
Ugotavljanje izpostavljenosti delavca elektromagnetnemu sevanju in ocena
tveganja na mestu oddajnika
Determination of workers' exposure to electromagnetic fields and assessment of risk at a
broadcast site
Ermittlung der Exposition von Arbeitnehmern gegenüber elektromagnetischen Feldern
und Bewertung des Risikos am Standort eines Rundfunksenders
Détermination de l'exposition des travailleurs aux champs électromagnétiques et
évaluation des risques sur un site de radiodiffusion
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 50496:2018
ICS:
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50496
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2018
ICS 17.240 Supersedes EN 50496:2008
English Version
Determination of workers' exposure to electromagnetic fields and
assessment of risk at a broadcast site
Détermination de l'exposition des travailleurs aux champs Ermittlung der Exposition von Arbeitnehmern gegenüber
électromagnétiques et évaluation des risques sur un site de elektromagnetischen Feldern und Bewertung des Risikos
radiodiffusion am Standort eines Rundfunksenders
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2017-12-25. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 50496:2018 E
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 . Scope . 4
2 . Normative references. 4
3 . Terms and definitions . 5
4 . Assessment methods . 7
5 . Collection of technical data . 8
6 . Determination of exposure levels by calculation or measurement . 9
7 . Zoning of exposure work place .12
8 . Checking of operating procedures in the different exposure work places.16
9 . Information and training .19
10 . Assessment report .20
Annex A (normative) Summation formulae .21
A.1 . General .21
A.2 . Frequency range from 1 Hz to 10 MHz .21
A.3 . Frequency range from 100 kHz to 300 GHz .22
A.4 . Contact currents in the frequency range 1 Hz to 110 MHz .23
Annex B (informative) Marking .24
Bibliography .25

European foreword
This document (EN 50496:2018) has been prepared by CLC/TC 106X “Electromagnetic fields in the
human environment”.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which this document has (dop) 2018-12-25
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2020-12-25
standards conflicting with this document
have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 50496:2008.
The main changes included in the EN 50496:2018 with respect to EN 50496:2008 are consequential to
the replacement of Directive 2004/40/EC by Directive 2013/35/EU.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
1 Scope
This European Standard provides methods for assessing compliance with the requirements of the
Directive 2013/35/EU at a site operating one or more broadcast transmitters.
This standard covers the frequency range up to 40 GHz.
Users of this standard are invited to consult the national legislation in order to identify the national
regulations and requirements. These national regulations and requirements can have additional
requirements that are not covered by this standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 50413, Basic standard on measurement and calculation procedures for human exposure to electric,
magnetic and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz - 300 GHz)
EN 50420, Basic standard for the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from a stand
alone broadcast transmitter (30 MHz - 40 GHz)
EN 50475, Basic standard for the calculation and the measurement of human exposure to
electromagnetic fields from broadcasting service transmitters in the HF bands (3 MHz - 30 MHz)
EN 62226-2-1, Exposure to electric or magnetic fields in the low and intermediate frequency range -
Methods for calculating the current density and internal electric field induced in the human body - Part
2-1: Exposure to magnetic fields - 2D models (IEC 62226-2-1)
EN 50527-1, Procedure for the assessment of the exposure to electromagnetic fields of workers bearing
active implantable medical devices — Part 1: General
EN 50527-2-1, Procedure for the assessment of the exposure to electromagnetic fields of workers
bearing active implantable medical devices — Part 2-1: Specific assessment for workers with cardiac
pacemakers
EN 50647, Basic standard for the evaluation of workers' exposure to electric and magnetic fields from
equipment and installations for the production, transmission and distribution of electricity
Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general
public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) (Official Journal L 199 of 30 July 1999)
Directive 2013/35/EU of the European parliament and of the council of 26 June 2013 on the minimum
health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical
agents (electromagnetic fields) (20th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16 of Directive
89/391/EEC)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
action levels
action levels (ALs)’ means operational levels established for the purpose of simplifying the process of
demonstrating the compliance with relevant ELVs or, where appropriate, to take relevant protection or
prevention measures specified in Directive 2013/35/EU
Note 1 to entry: For electric fields, ‘low ALs’ and ‘high ALs’ means levels which relate to the specific protection or
prevention measures specified in Directive 2013/35/EU.
Note 2 to entry: For magnetic fields, ‘low ALs’ means levels which relate to the sensory effects ELVs and ‘high
ALs’ to the health effects ELVs.
3.2
AIMD
Active Implantable Medical Device
3.3
antenna
device that serves as a transducer between a guided wave (e.g. coaxial cable) and a free space wave,
or vice versa
3.4
near-field region
region generally in proximity to an antenna or other radiating structure, in which the electric and magnetic
fields do not have a substantially plane-wave character, but vary considerably from point to point
Note 1 to entry: The near-field region is further subdivided into the reactive near-field region, which is closest to
the radiating structure and that contains most or nearly all of the stored energy, and the radiating near-field region
where the radiation field predominates over the reactive field, but lacks substantial plane-wave character and is
complicated in structure.
3.5
broadcasting service
radiocommunication service in which the transmissions are intended for direct reception by the general
public
Note 1 to entry: This service can include sound transmissions, television transmissions or other types of
transmission, e.g. data.
3.6
broadcast site
site operating one or more broadcast transmitters
3.7
contact current
current flowing into the body resulting from contact with a conductive object in an electromagnetic field
Note 1 to entry: This is the localized current flow into the body (usually the hand, for a light brushing contact).
Note 2 to entry: Shocks and burns can be the adverse indirect effects.
Note 3 to entry: Contact current relates to a short-term effect and cannot be time-averaged.
3.8
induced current
current flowing inside a human body resulting directly from an exposure to an electromagnetic field
3.9
employer
any natural or legal person who has an employment relationship with the worker and has responsibility
for the undertaking and/or establishment (Directive 89/391/EEC)
3.10
exposure limit values (ELVs)
limits on exposure to electromagnetic fields in Directive 2013/35/EU established on the basis of
biophysical and biological considerations, in particular on the basis of scientifically well-established
short-term and acute direct effects, i.e. thermal effects (SAR, Power density) and electrical stimulation
of tissues (internal electric field):
— health effects ELVs: ELVs above which workers might be subject to adverse health effects, such
as thermal heating or stimulation of nerve and muscle tissue;
— sensory effects ELVs: sensory effects ELVs apply to frequency ranges of 0 Hz to 400 Hz
(magnetic and electric fields) and 0,3 GHz to 6 GHz (pulsed signals) and above which workers might be
subjected to transient disturbed sensory perceptions and minor changes in brain functions
3.11
local safety instruction
safety instructions relating to a specific broadcast site and containing the information specified in
Clause 8:
— it needs to include all the necessary safety-related indications and, if applicable, point out the
possible risk of exposure to electromagnetic fields where these are at levels above the worker action
levels;
— it could include all the necessary safety-related indications and, if applicable, point out the
possible risk of exposure to electromagnetic fields where these are at levels above the limits for the
general public
3.12
magnetic flux density
magnetic flux density (B) is a vector quantity resulting in a force that acts on moving charges. The
magnitude of magnetic flux density (B) is expressed in tesla (T)
B = µ H
where µ is the permeability of the medium and H is the magnetic field strength
Note 1 to entry: In free space and in biological materials, magnetic flux density and magnetic field strength (H)
can be interchanged using the magnetic field strength of H = 1 A/m equivalence to magnetic flux density of
−7
B = 4π 10 T (approximately 1,25 microtesla).
3.13
power density
power per area unit normal to the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation
2 2
S=EH = E /Z=H Z
Note 1 to entry: For plane waves the power density (S), electric field strength (E) and magnetic field strength (H)
= 120π Ω = 377 Ω
are related by Z = Z0
Note 2 to entry: E and H are expressed in units of V/m and A/m, respectively, and S in the unit of W/m .
3.14
transmitter
device to generate the radio frequency broadcast signal which is fed into the antenna system
3.15
worker
any person employed by an employer, including trainees and apprentices but excluding domestic
servants
[SOURCE: Directive 89/391/EEC [7]]
3.16
work place
location where workers have access as part of their duties
Note 1 to entry: Particular place of work within the broadcast site as for example the area near a transmitter with
an open enclosure, the area inside a transmitting antenna, on a ladder inside a broadcast mast / tower and platforms
under and above the antennas, the area around feed lines, etc.
4 Assessment methods
4.1 Worker exposure assessment
The assessment should be done using the steps outlined below:
– collection of technical data (Clause 5);
– determination of exposure levels by calculation or measurement (Clause 6). This includes checking
of operating procedures in the different exposure work places (Clause 8).
The results of the assessment process are:
– zoning of exposure work places (Clause 7);
– information and training (Clause 9);
– assessment report (Clause 10).
In the case of simultaneous exposure to multiple sources, the combined exposure shall be considered,
referring to Annex A.
4.2 Use of public exposure assessment
If an evaluation has already been undertaken in accordance with the provisions of Council
Recommendation 1999/519/EC, and the restrictions as specified therein are respected, then the
exposure limit values for workers of Directive 2013/35/EU are also met.
4.3 Assessment after technical modification
After a technical modification to the installation or the environment, it is necessary to consider repeating
or revising the assessment. This is particularly necessary if an additional transmitter or antenna is added
to a site.
5 Collection of technical data
In order to plan the assessment of a site correctly, it is necessary to make a preliminary evaluation of
the expected electromagnetic fields.
Therefore, it is very important to collect information about the site itself and the electromagnetic sources
in and around it. It is useful to understand, in relation to each source if the point under evaluation is in
the near or far field, which are the propagation characteristics, if there are elements that can cause
absorption, reflection, reinforcements, resonance, etc.
Information on the following items may be needed:
1) with regard to the surrounding area:
- Map of the surrounding areas possibly including facilities (such as buildings, territory, metallic
structures, etc.);
- information on areas where public assessment has been carried out in compliance with
Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC or national regulation;
- information on the nature of the field from any external sources should be obtained from the
operators of those sources. Examples of useful information are the frequency, the radiated
power, the type of service, and whether the transmissions are intermittent. However, it should
be noted that much of the detailed information can be commercially sensitive;
2) with regard to the site:
- the area controlled e.g. information on property, fencing, where the controlled area is bounded;
- the site map showing all facilities, e.g. buildings, towers, anchor cables, earth mat;
- the several areas:
- where a public assessment has been carried out in compliance with Council
Recommendation 1999/519/EC or national regulation;
- where workers have access without specific care;
- where workers only have access under specific circumstances;
3) with regard to power supply ELF emissions, information to collect is given in EN 50647;
4) with regard to the radio-frequency emissions, for each relevant source:
- the mechanical configuration of the antennas (e.g. geometric dimensions, construction
drawings, position in the mast);
- radiation pattern, polarization and gain of antennas;
- maximum and nominal transmitter power;
- frequency, type of modulation (e.g. AM, FM, COFDM), channel bandwidth;
- feeder type and length, attenuation/meter, additional losses (combiners, patch panels, antenna
cables and power dividers);
5) with regard to scheduling:
- transmitting time table (especially for short wave, SW);
- permitted operating configuration.
Such information is collected in order to estimate the expected electromagnetic fields using different
calculation methods/tools. An accurate analysis of the data/results will allow appropriate planning of the
measurement campaign, in particular in relation to issues such as physical quantities to measure, which
instruments to use, location of critical points with high values of electromagnetic fields, reinforcements
or resonance are expected etc., if it is necessary to further protect workers who make the assessment
(see § 7.2).
6 Determination of exposure levels by calculation or measurement
6.1 General
This standard does not directly address product performance standards, which are intended to limit
electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions under specified test conditions.
6.2 Methodologies
6.2.1 General
In the near field, the electromagnetic field structure may be highly inhomogeneous, and there may be
substantial variations from the plane-wave impedance of 377 ohms; that is, there may be preponderant
electric fields in some regions and preponderant magnetic fields in others.
6.2.2 Exposure from power supplies
EN 50647 gives guidance for assessing 50 Hz power supplies and in particular criteria for power sources
which are deemed to comply without any further assessment.
At 50 Hz, the electric or the magnetic field are to be measured separately.
6.2.3 Exposure from transmitters from 9 kHz to 100 kHz
Methodologies of measurement and calculation are defined in EN 62226-2-1.
6.2.4 Exposure from transmitters from 100 kHz to 30 MHz
Methodologies of measurement and calculation are defined in:
–– 100 kHz to 3 MHz: EN 50413.
–– 3 MHz to 30 MHz: EN 50475;
Information can also be found in ITU-R BS.1698 [5].
6.2.5 Exposure from transmitters from 30 MHz to 40 GHz
Methodologies of measurement and calculation are defined in EN 50420.
Information can also be found in ITU-R BS.1698 [5].
7.2 gives the process for use of a broadband field meter in a mast. Assessment of both the electric field
strength and magnetic field strength may need to be performed.
6.3 Additional considerations
6.3.1 Use of action levels
Compliance with the action levels will ensure compliance with the relevant exposure limit values. If the
measured or calculated value exceeds the action levels, it does not necessarily follow that the exposure
limit values will be exceeded.
6.3.2 Multiple exposure
With regard to simultaneous exposure to multiple frequency fields, it is important to identify multiple
sources of exposure or simultaneous exposure to multiple frequency fields and to use appropriate
methods of assessment, measurement and/or calculation capable of analysing the characteristics of the
waveforms and nature of biological interactions (see flowcharts in Figures 1 to 3 and Annex A).
Once identified, the combination of different frequency components should be carried out separately for
thermal effects and electrical stimulation.
The formulae in Annex A apply to the relevant frequencies under practical exposure situations and shall
be used to establish compliance to the action levels or exposure limit values for all the frequencies
together.
6.3.3 Polarization
To take in account the polarization and the incidence of signals, the field should be evaluated
isotropically. If probes with a single sensor element responding only to one field component are used,
they should be oriented to read the maximum value, or should be aligned in three mutually orthogonal
directions to measure separately the spatial components of the field.
6.3.4 Averaging
6.3.4.1 Time averaging
These following rules come from the ICNIRP Guidelines [11] and Directive 2013/35/EU.
Exposure limit value
– For frequencies up to 6 GHz: all SAR values are to be averaged over any 6 min period.
– For frequencies between 6 GHz and 10 GHz: Power densities are to be averaged over any 20 cm
of exposed area and any 6 min period.
– For frequencies between 10 GHz and 300 GHz: Power densities are to be averaged over any
2 1,05
20 cm of exposed area and any 68/f min period (where f is in GHz) to compensate for
progressively shorter penetration depth as the frequency increases.
Action level
2 2 2 2
– For frequencies between 100 kHz and 10 GHz: Seq, E , H , B and IL are to be averaged over any
6 min period.
2 2
– Particular case: For E , H , Seq in case of specific modulation (like FM and digital OFDM emissions
for instance), the field strength can be averaged over a lower period due to the constant power
transmitted.
2 2 2 1,05
– For frequencies exceeding 10 GHz: Seq, E , H , and B are to be averaged over any 68/f min
period (f in GHz).
NOTE The time averaging is applicable above 10 MHz provided that the allowable instantaneous and peak
exposure constraints are well respected.
6.3.4.2 Spatial averaging
When the exposed worker is in a non-uniform field, spatial averaging of the field over the body is
permissible.
For frequencies above 100 kHz, where n measurements are made, the following equations apply:
n
1 
E ⋅ E (1)
∑
avg i
n
i=1
n
1  
BB ⋅ (2)
∑
avg  i
n
 i=1 
n
1 
HH ⋅ (3)
∑
avg i
n
i=1
n
SS ⋅ (4)
avg ∑ i
n
i=1
where
Eavg, Bavg,Havg, are the spatially averaged values of the electric field strength, the magnetic flux
S density, the magnetic field strength and the power density;
avg
th
Ei, Bi,Hi,Si are the i measurement of the electric field strength, the magnetic flux density, the
magnetic field strength and the power density r
...