SIST EN 60060-2:2011

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2011
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60060-2:1998
SIST EN 60060-2:1998/A11:2000
Tehnike visokonapetostnega preskušanja - 2. del: Merilni sistemi (IEC 60060-
2:2010)
High-voltage test techniques - Part 2: Measuring systems (IEC 60060-2:2010)
Hochspannungs-Prüftechnik - Teil 2: Messsysteme (IEC 60060-2:2010)
Techniques des essais à haute tension - Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure (CEI 60060-
2:2010)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60060-2:2011
ICS:
19.080 (OHNWULþQRLQHOHNWURQVNR Electrical and electronic
SUHVNXãDQMH testing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60060-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
January 2011
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.220.20; 19.080 Supersedes EN 60060-2:1994 + A11:1998

English version
High-voltage test techniques -
Part 2: Measuring systems
(IEC 60060-2:2010)
Techniques des essais à haute tension - Hochspannungs-Prüftechnik -
Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure Teil 2: Messsysteme
(CEI 60060-2:2010) (IEC 60060-2:2010)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-01-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2011 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60060-2:2011 E
Foreword
The text of document 42/281/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60060-2, prepared by IEC TC 42, High-voltage
testing techniques, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 60060-2 on 2011-01-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60060-2:1994 + A11:1998.
The significant technical changes with respect to EN 60060-2:1994+A11:1998 are as follows:
a) The general layout and text was updated and improved to make the standard easier to use.
b) The standard was revised to align it with EN 60060-1.
c) The treatment of measurement uncertainty estimation has been expanded.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2011-10-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2014-01-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60060-2:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60051 series NOTE  Harmonized in EN 60051 series (not modified).
IEC 60060-3:2006 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60060-3:2006 (not modified).
IEC 60071-1:2006 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60071-1:2006 (not modified).
IEC 60270 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60270.
IEC 62475 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 62475.
ISO/IEC 17025:2005 NOTE  Harmonized as EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 (not modified).
__________
- 3 - EN 60060-2:2011
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60052 - Voltage measurement by means of standard EN 60052 -
air gaps
IEC 60060-1 - High-voltage test techniques - EN 60060-1 -
Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 61083-1 - Instruments and software used for EN 61083-1 -
measurement in high-voltage impulse tests -
Part 1: Requirements for instruments

IEC 61083-2 - Digital recorders for measurements in high- EN 61083-2 -
voltage impulse tests -
Part 2: Evaluation of software used for the
determination of the parameters of impulse
waveforms
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 2008 Uncertainty of measurement - - -
Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty
in measurement (GUM:1995)
IEC 60060-2 ®
Edition 3.0 2010-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
High-voltage test techniques –
Part 2: Measuring systems
Techniques des essais à haute tension –
Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XB
CODE PRIX
ICS 17.220.20; 19.080 ISBN 978-2-88912-267-7
– 2 – 60060-2 Ó IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREW ORD . 6
1 Sc o pe . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
3.1 Measuring systems . 9
3.2 Components of a measuring system . 9
3.3 Scale factors . 10
3.4 Rated values . 11
3.5 Definitions related to dynamic behaviour . 11
3.6 Definitions related to uncertainty. 13
3.7 Definitions related to tests on measuring systems . 14
4 Procedures for qualification and use of measuring systems . 15
4.1 General principles . 15
4.2 Schedule of performance tests . 16
4.3 Schedule of performance checks . 16
4.4 Requirements for the record of performance . 16
4.4.1 Contents of the record of performance . 16
4.4.2 Exceptions . 17
4.5 Operating conditions . 17
4.6 Uncertainty . 17
5 Tests and test requirements for an approved measuring system and its
components . 18
5.1 General requirements . 18
5.2 Calibration – Determination of the scale factor . 19
5.2.1 Calibration of measuring systems by comparison with a reference
measuring system (preferred method) . 19
5.2.2 Determination of the scale factor of a measuring system from the
scale factors of its components (alternative method) . 22
5.3 Linearity test. 23
5.3.1 Application . 23
5.3.2 Alternative methods in order of suitability . 24
5.4 Dynamic behaviour . 25
5.4.1 General . 25
5.4.2 Determination of the amplitude/frequency response . 25
5.4.3 Reference method for impulse voltage measuring systems . 26
5.5 Short-term stability . 26
5.6 Long-term stability. 26
5.7 Ambient temperature effect . 27
5.8 Proximity effect . 27
5.9 Software effect . 27
5.10 Uncertainty calculation of the scale factor . 27
5.10.1 General . 27
5.10.2 Uncertainty of the calibration . 28
5.10.3 Uncertainty of measurement using an approved measuring system . 29
5.11 Uncertainty calculation of time parameter measurement (impulse voltages
only) . 30
5.11.1 General . 30

60060-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 3 –
5.11.2 Uncertainty of the time parameter calibration . 30
5.11.3 Uncertainty of time parameter measurement using an approved
measuring system . 31
5.12 Interference test (transmission system and instrument for impulse voltage
measurements) . 32
5.13 Withstand tests of converting device . 32
6 Measurement of direct voltage . 33
6.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system . 33
6.1.1 General . 33
6.1.2 Uncertainty contributions . 33
6.1.3 Requirement on converting device . 33
6.1.4 Dynamic behaviour for measuring voltage changes . 33
6.2 Tests on an approved measuring system . 33
6.3 Performance check . 34
6.3.1 General . 34
6.3.2 Comparison with an approved measuring system . 34
6.3.3 Check of the scale factors of the components . 35
6.4 Measurement of ripple amplitude . 35
6.4.1 Requirements . 35
6.4.2 Uncertainty contributions . 35
6.4.3 Calibrations and tests on an approved ripple voltage measuring
system . 35
6.4.4 Measurement of the scale factor at the ripple frequency . 35
6.4.5 Dynamic behaviour by amplitude/frequency response . 35
6.4.6 Performance check for ripple measuring system . 36
7 Measurement of alternating voltage . 36
7.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system . 36
7.1.1 General . 36
7.1.2 Uncertainty contributions . 36
7.1.3 Dynamic behaviour . 36
7.2 Tests on an approved measuring system . 38
7.3 Dynamic behaviour test . 38
7.4 Performance check . 38
7.4.1 General . 38
7.4.2 Comparison with an approved measuring system . 38
7.4.3 Check of the scale factors of the components . 39
8 Measurement of lightning impulse voltage . 40
8.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system . 40
8.1.1 General . 40
8.1.2 Uncertainty contributions . 40
8.1.3 Requirement on measuring instrument . 40
8.1.4 Dynamic behaviour . 40
8.1.5 Connection to the test object . 40
8.2 Tests on an approved measuring system . 41
8.3 Performance test on measuring systems . 42
8.3.1 Reference method (preferred) . 42
8.3.2 Alternative method supplemented by a measurement of the step
response according to Annex C . 42
8.4 Dynamic behaviour test . 43

– 4 – 60060-2 Ó IEC:2010
8.4.1 Comparison with a reference measuring system (preferred) . 43
8.4.2 Alternative method based on step response parameters (Annex C) . 43
8.5 Performance check . 43
8.5.1 Comparison with an approved measuring system . 43
8.5.2 Check of the scale factors of the components . 43
8.5.3 Dynamic behaviour check by reference record . 43
9 Measurement of switching impulse voltage . 43
9.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system . 43
9.1.1 General . 43
9.1.2 Uncertainty contribution . 44
9.1.3 Requirements for the measuring instrument . 44
9.1.4 Dynamic behaviour . 44
9.1.5 Connection to the test object . 44
9.2 Tests on an approved measuring system . 44
9.3 Performance test on measuring systems . 44
9.3.1 Reference method (preferred) . 44
9.3.2 Alternative methods supplemented by a step response measurement . 45
9.4 Dynamic behaviour test by comparison. 45
9.5 Performance check . 45
9.5.1 Scale factor check by comparison with an approved measuring
system . 45
9.5.2 Check of the scale factors of the components . 45
9.5.3 Dynamic behaviour check by reference record . 45
10 Reference measuring systems . 47
10.1 Requirements for reference measuring systems . 47
10.1.1 Direct voltage . 47
10.1.2 Alternating voltage . 47
10.1.3 Full and chopped lightning and switching impulse voltages . 47
10.2 Calibration of a reference measuring system . 47
10.2.1 General . 47
10.2.2 Reference method: Comparative measurement . 47
10.2.3 Alternative method for impulse voltages: Measurement of scale factor
and evaluation of step response parameters . 47
10.3 Interval between successive calibrations of reference measuring systems . 47
10.4 Use of reference measuring systems . 48
Annex A (informative) Uncertainty of measurement . 49
Annex B (informative) Examples for the calculation of measuring uncertainties in high-
voltage measurements . 57
Annex C (informative) Step response measurements . 65
Annex D (informative) Convolution method for the determination of dynamic behaviour
from step response measurements . 70
Bibliography . 73

Figure 1 – Amplitude-frequency response with examples for limit frequencies (f ; f ) . 12
1 2
Figure 2 – Calibration by comparison over the full voltage range . 20
Figure 3 – Uncertainty contributions of the calibration (example with minimum of 5
voltage levels) . 21
Figure 4 – Calibration by comparison over a limited voltage range, with an additional
linearity test . 22

60060-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 5 –
Figure 5 – Linearity test of the measuring system with a linear device in the extended
voltage range . 24
Figure 6 – Shaded area for acceptable normalised amplitude-frequency responses of
measuring systems intended for single fundamental frequencies f (to be tested in
nom
the range (1….7) f ) . 37
nom
Figure 7 – Shaded area for acceptable normalised amplitude-frequency responses of
measuring systems intended for a range of fundamental frequencies f to f (to
nom1 nom2
be tested in the range f to 7 f ) . 38
nom1 nom2
Figure A.1 – Normal probability distribution p(x) . 55
Figure A.2 – Rectangular probability distribution p(x) . 56
Figure B.1 – Comparison between the system under test, X, and the reference system, N . 64
Figure B.2 – Front time deviation ΔT of system X, related to the reference system N,
1,j
and their mean ΔT in the range of T = 0,8 ms … 1,6 ms . 64
1m 1
Figure C.1 – Definitions of response parameters. 68
Figure C.2 – A unit-step response g(t) showing an initial distortion of initial distortion
time T . 69
Figure C.3 – Suitable circuits for step response measurement . 69

Table 1 – Tests required for an approved direct voltage measuring system . 34
Table 2 – Required tests for uncertainty contributions in ripple measurement . 36
Table 3 – Tests required for an approved alternating voltage measuring system . 39
Table 4 – Tests required for an approved lightning impulse voltage measuring system . 41
Table 5 – Tests required for a switching impulse voltage measuring system . 46
Table 6 – Recommended response parameters for impulse voltage reference
measuring systems . 48
Table A.1 – Coverage factor k for effective degrees of freedom ν (p = 95,45 %) . 54
eff
Table A.2 – Schematic of an uncertainty budget . 55
Table B.1 – Result of the comparison measurement at a single voltage level . 58
Table B.2 – Summary of results for h = 5 voltage levels (V = 500 kV) . 59
Xmax
Table B.3 – Uncertainty budget of the assigned scale factor F . 60
X
Table B.4 – Uncertainty budget of the assigned scale factor F. 61
Table B.5 – Calibration result for front time T and deviations . 63
Table B.6 – Uncertainty budget of the front time deviation ΔT . 63
1cal
– 6 – 60060-2 Ó IEC:2010
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES –

Part 2: Measuring systems
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60060-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 42: High-
voltage test techniques.
This third edition of IEC 60060-2 cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 1994,
and constitutes a technical revision.
The significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
a) The general layout and text was updated and improved to make the standard easier to
use.
b) The standard was revised to align it with IEC 60060-1.
c) The treatment of measurement uncertainty estimation has been expanded.

60060-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 7 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
42/281/FDIS 42/287/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
A list of all parts of IEC 60060 series, under the general title High-voltage test techniques, can
be found on the IEC website.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part-2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to this specific publication. At this date, the publication will be:
· reconfirmed,
· withdrawn,
· replaced by a revised edition, or
· amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 8 – 60060-2 Ó IEC:2010
HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES –

Part 2: Measuring systems
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60060 is applicable to complete measuring systems, and to their
components, used for the measurement of high voltages during laboratory and factory tests
with direct voltage, alternating voltage and lightning and switching impulse voltages as
specified in IEC 60060-1. For measurements during on-site tests see IEC 60060-3.
The limits on uncertainties of measurements stated in this standard apply to test levels stated
in IEC 60071-1:2006. The principles of this standard apply also to higher levels but the
uncertainty may be greater.
This standard:
· defines the terms used;
· describes methods to estimate the uncertainties of high-voltage measurements;
· states the requirements which the measuring systems shall meet;
· describes the methods for approving a measuring system and checking its components;
· describes the procedures by which the user shall show that a measuring system meets the
requirements of this standard, including the limits set for the uncertainty of measurement.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60052, Voltage measurement by means of standard air gaps
IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
IEC 61083-1, Instruments and software used for measurement in high-voltage impulse tests –
Part 1: Requirements for instruments
IEC 61083-2, Digital recorders for measurement in high-voltage impulse tests – Part 2:
Evaluation of software used for the determination of the parameters of impulse waveforms
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurements (GUM)
NOTE Further related standards, guides, etc. on subjects included in this International Standard are given in the
bibliography.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

60060-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 9 –
3.1 Measuring systems
3.1.1
measuring system
complete set of devices suitable for performing a high-voltage measurement; software, used
to obtain or calculate measuring results, also forms a part of the measuring system
NOTE 1 A measuring system usually comprises the following components:
– a converting device with the leads required for connecting this device to the test object or into the circuit and the
connections to earth;
– a transmission system connecting the output terminals of the converting device to the measuring instruments with
its attenuating, terminating and adapting impedances or networks;
– a measuring instrument together with any connection to the power supply. Measuring systems which comprise
only some of the above components or which are based on non-conventional principles are acceptable if they meet
the uncertainty requirements specified in this document.
NOTE 2 The environment in which a measuring system functions, its clearances to live and earthed structures
and the presence of electric or magnetic fields may significantly affect the measurement result and its uncertainty.
3.1.2
record of performance
detailed record, established and maintained by the user, describing the measuring system
and containing evidence that the requirements given in this standard have been met
NOTE This evidence includes the results of the initial performance test and the schedule and results of each
subsequent performance test and performance check.
3.1.3
approved measuring system
measuring system that is shown to comply with one or more of the sets of requirements set
out in this document
3.1.4
reference measuring system
measuring system with its calibration traceable to relevant national and/or international
standards, and having sufficient accuracy and stability for use in the approval of other
systems by making simultaneous comparative measurements with specific types of waveform
and ranges of voltage
NOTE A reference measuring system (maintained according to the requirements of this standard) may be used as
an approved measuring system but the converse is not true.
3.2 Components of a measuring system
3.2.1
converting device
device for converting the quantity to be measured (measurand) into a quantity, compatible
with the measuring instrument
3.2.2
voltage divider
converting device consisting of a high-voltage and a low-voltage arm such that the input
voltage is applied across the complete device and the output voltage is taken from the low-
voltage arm
NOTE The elements of the two arms are usually resistors or capacitors or combinations of these. The device is
designated by the type and arrangement of its elements (for example, resistive, capacitive or resistive-capacitive).

– 10 – 60060-2 Ó IEC:2010
3.2.3
voltage transformer
converting device consisting of a transformer in which the secondary voltage, in normal
conditions of use, is substantially proportional to the primary voltage and differs in phase from
it by an angle which is approximately zero for an appropriate direction of the connections
[IEC 60050-321: 1986, 321-03-01]
3.2.4
voltage converting impedance
converting device which carries a current proportional to the applied voltage to be measured
with a current measuring instrument
3.2.5
electric-field probe
converting device for the measurement of the amplitude and waveform of an electric field
NOTE An electric-field probe may be used to measure the waveform of the voltage producing the field provided
that the measurement is not affected by corona or space charges.
3.2.6
transmission system
set of devices that transfers the output signal of a converting device to a measuring
instrument
NOTE 1 A transmission system usually consists of a coaxial cable with its terminating impedance, but it may
include attenuators, amplifiers, or other devices connected between the converting device and the measuring
instrument. For example, an optical link includes a transmitter, an optical cable and a receiver as well as related
amplifiers.
NOTE 2 A transmission system may be partially or completely included in the converting device or in the
measuring instrument.
3.2.7
measuring instrument
device intended to make measurements, alone or in conjunction with supplementary devices
[IEC 60050-300: 2001, 311-03-01]
3.3 Scale factors
3.3.1
scale factor of a measuring system
factor by which the value of the measuring-instrument reading is multiplied to obtain the value
of the input quantity of the complete measuring system
NOTE 1 A measuring system may have multiple scale factors for different assigned measurement ranges,
frequency ranges or waveforms.
NOTE 2 For measuring systems that display the value of the input quantity directly, the nominal scale factor of
the measuring system is unity.
3.3.2
scale factor of a converting device
factor by which the output of the converting device is multiplied to obtain its input quantity
NOTE The scale factor of a converting device may be dimensionless (for example, the ratio of a divider) or may
have dimensions (for example, the impedance of a voltage converting impedance).
3.3.3
scale factor of a transmission system
factor by which the output of a transmission system is multiplied to obtain its input quantity

60060-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 11 –
3.3.4
scale factor of a measuring instrument
factor by which the instrument reading is multiplied to obtain its input quantity
3.3.5
assigned scale factor
F
scale factor of a measuring system determined at the most recent performance test
NOTE A measuring system may have more than one assigned scale factor; for example, it may have several
ranges and/or nominal epochs, each with a different scale factor.
3.4 Rated values
3.4.1
operating conditions
specified ranges of conditions under which a measuring system will operate within the
specified uncertainty limits
3.4.2
rated operating voltage
maximum level of voltage of specified frequency or waveform at which a measuring system is
designed to be used
NOTE The rated operating voltage may be higher than the upper limit of the assigned measurement range.
3.4.3
assigned measurement range
range of voltage of specified frequency or waveform, characterized by a single scale factor, in
which a measuring system may be used
NOTE 1 The limits of the assigned measurement range are chosen by the user and verified by the performance
tests specified in this standard.
NOTE 2 A measuring system can have more than one assigned measurement range with different scale factors.
3.4.4
assigned operating time
longest time during which a measuring system for direct or alternating voltages can operate at
the upper limit of the assigned measurement range
3.4.5
assigned rate of application
highest rate of specified voltage impulses for a specified time interval, at which the measuring
system can operate at its upper limit of the assigned measurement range
NOTE The rate is usually given as applications per minute and the time interval in minutes or hours.
3.5 Definitions related to dynamic behaviour
3.5.1
response of a measuring system,
G
output, as a function of time or frequency, when a specified voltage is applied to the input of
the system
3.5.2
amplitude-frequency response,
G(f)
ratio of the output to the input of a measuring system as a function of frequency f, when the
input is sinusoidal (see Figure 1)

– 12 – 60060-2 Ó IEC:2010
11,4 .4
A
A
1.15
G m
1,15 G
m
B
B
G m
G BB
m
0.85 G m
0,85 Gm
AA
f 2A f 2B
1 ff1A f f 10000
1A 2A 2B
f
f
IEC  2594/10
NOTE Lower and upper limit frequencies are shown on curve A.
Curve B shows a constant response down to direct voltage.
Figure 1 – Amplitude-frequency response with examples for limit frequencies (f ; f )
1 2
3.5.3
step response,
G(t)
output of a measuring system as a function of time when the input is a step function
NOTE For more information on step response and step-response parameters see Annex C.
3.5.4
nominal epoch (impulse voltage only),
τ
N1
range of values between the minimum (t ) and the maximum (t ) of the relevant time
min max
parameter of impulse voltage for which the measuring system is to be approved
NOTE 1 The relevant time parameter is:
– the front time T for full and tail-chopped lightning impulses
– the time to chopping T for front-chopped impulses
c
– the time to peak T for switching impulses
p
NOTE 2 A measuring system may have one, two or more nominal epochs for different waveforms. For example, a
particular measuring system might be approved:
– for full and tail-chopped lightning impulses with an assigned scale factor F over a nominal epoch t from T
1 N1 1
= 0,8 ms to T = 1,8 ms, even though the tolerance is 0,84 ms to 1,56 ms;
– or front-chopped lightning impulses with an assigned scale factor F over a nominal epoch t from T = 0,5 ms
2 N2 c
to T = 0,9 ms;
c
– for switching impulses with an assigned scale factor F over a nominal epoch t from T = 150 ms to T = 500
3 N3 p p
ms.
NOTE 3 "Front-chopped impulse" is used to designate a chopped impulse with a time to chopping that falls in the
range 0,5 ms to the time of the extreme value. This is to be distinguished from a "tail-chopped impulse" which has a
time to chopping greater than the time of the extreme value.
G (f)
G (f )
60060-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 13 –
3.5.5
limit frequencies,
f and f
1 2
lower and upper limits of the range within which the amplitude-frequency response is nearly
constant (Figure1)
NOTE These limits are where the response first deviates by a certain amount (e.g. plus/minus 15 %) from the
constant value. The permissible deviation should be related to acceptable uncertainties of a measuring system.
3.6 Definitions related to uncertainty
3.6.1
tolerance
permitted difference between the measured value and the specified value
NOTE 1 This difference should be distinguished from the uncertainty of measurement.
NOTE 2 The measured test voltage is required to lie within the stated tolerance of the specified test level.
3.6.2
error
measured quantity value minus a reference quantity value
[ISO/IEC Guide 99 (VIM 2.16)]
3.6.3
uncertainty (of measurement)
parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of
the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
[IEC 60050-300: 2001, 311-01-02]
NOTE 1 Uncertainty is positive and given without sign.
NOTE 2 Uncertainty of voltage measurement should not be confused with the tolerance of a specified test
voltage.
NOTE 3 For more information see Annexes A and B.
3.6.4
standard uncertainty,
u
uncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation
[ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (GUM 2.3.1)]
NOTE 1 The standard uncertainty associated with an estimate of a measurand has the same dimension as the
measurand.
NOTE 2 In some cases, the relative standard uncertainty of a measurement may be appropriate. The relative
standard uncertainty of measurement is the standard uncertainty divided by the measurand, and is therefore
dimensionless.
3.6.5
combined standard uncertainty,
u ,
c
standard uncertainty of the result of a measurement when that result is obtained from the
values of a number of other quantities, equal to the positive square root of a sum of terms, the
ter
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