SIST-TP CEN/TR 16798-10:2018

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2018
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Energy performance of buildings - Ventilation for buildings - Part 10: Interpretation of the
requirements in EN 16798-9 - Calculation methods for energy requirements of cooling
systems (Module M4-1,M4-4, M4-9) - General
Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Lüftung von Gebäuden - Teil 10: Interpretation der
Anforderungen der EN 16798-9 - Berechnungsmethoden für den Energiebedarf von
Kühlsystemen (Module M4-1, M4-4, M4-9) - Allgemeines
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Ventilation des bâtiments - Partie 10 :
Interprétation des exigences de la norme EN 16798-9 - Méthodes de calcul des besoins
énergétique des systèmes de refroidissement (Modules M4-1,M4-4, M4-9) - Généralités
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16798-10:2017
ICS:
91.140.30 3UH]UDþHYDOQLLQNOLPDWVNL Ventilation and air-
VLVWHPL conditioning systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TR 16798-10
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
June 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 91.120.10; 91.140.30
English Version
Energy performance of buildings - Ventilation for buildings
- Part 10: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-
9 - Calculation methods for energy requirements of cooling
systems (Module M4-1,M4-4, M4-9) - General
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Ventilation Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Lüftung von
des bâtiments - Partie 10 : Interprétation des exigences Gebäuden - Teil 10: Interpretation der Anforderungen
de la norme EN 16798-9 - Méthodes de calcul des der EN 16798-9 - Berechnungsmethoden für den
besoins énergétique des systèmes de refroidissement Energiebedarf von Kühlsystemen (Module M4-1, M4-4,
(Modules M4-1,M4-4, M4-9) - Généralités M4-9) - Allgemeines

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
156.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16798-10:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Symbols, subscripts and abbreviations. 9
4.1 Symbols . 9
4.2 Subscripts . 9
4.3 Abbreviations . 9
5 Brief description of the methods . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Output of the methods . 10
5.3 General description of the methods . 11
5.3.1 General . 11
5.3.2 Method 1 (simplified) . 11
5.3.3 Method 2 (detailed) . 14
5.4 Selection criteria between the methods . 15
6 Calculation method 1 (simplified) . 15
6.1 Output data . 15
6.2 Calculation time interval and calculation period . 15
6.2.1 Calculation interval . 15
6.2.2 Calculation period . 15
6.3 Input data . 15
6.4 Calculation procedure, method 1 . 16
6.4.1 Applicable time intervals . 16
6.4.2 Operating conditions calculation . 16
6.4.3 Energy calculation . 16
7 Calculation method 2 (detailed) . 17
7.1 Output data . 17
7.2 Calculation time interval and calculation period . 17
7.2.1 Calculation interval . 17
7.2.2 Calculation period . 17
7.3 Input data . 17
7.4 Calculation procedure . 17
7.4.1 Applicable calculation intervals . 17
7.4.2 Operating conditions calculation . 18
7.4.3 Energy calculation . 19
8 Energy performance expression. 20
9 Quality control . 20
10 Compliance check. 20
11 Worked out examples, method 1 . 20
11.1 Example 1 . 20
11.1.1 Description . 20
11.1.2 Calculation details . 24
11.1.3 Observations . 24
12 Worked out examples, method 2 . 25
12.1 Example 2 . 25
12.1.1 Description . 25
12.1.2 Calculation details . 36
12.1.3 Remarks and comments . 36
12.2 Example 3 . 37
12.2.1 Description . 37
12.2.2 Calculation details . 43
12.2.3 Remarks and comments . 43
13 Validation of the calculation procedures . 43
14 Ventilative cooling . 43
14.1 General . 43
14.2 Method . 43
14.2.1 Hourly calculation . 43
14.2.2 Monthly calculation . 44
Annex A (informative) Input and method selection data sheet — Template . 45
A.1 General . 45
A.2 References . 45
A.3 Title of A.3 . 45
A.4 Title of A.4 . 45
Annex B (informative) Input and method selection data sheet — Default choices . 46
B.1 General . 46
B.2 References . 46
B.3 Title of B.3 . 46
B.4 Title of B.4 . 46
Annex C (informative) System overview and required functionalities . 47
Annex D (informative) Calculation examples . 48
D.1 Spreadsheet . 48
D.2 Example 1 . 48
D.3 Example 2 . 54
Bibliography . 63

European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16798-10:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156
“Ventilation for buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
This document has been produced to meet the requirements of Directive 2010/31/EU 19 May 2010 on
the energy performance of buildings (recast), referred to as “recast EPDB”.
For the convenience of Standards users CEN/TC 156, together with responsible Working Group
Convenors, have prepared a simple table below relating, where appropriate, the relationship between
the ‘EPBD’ and ‘recast EPBD’ standard numbers prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156
“Ventilation for buildings”.
EPBD EN Recast EPBD EN
Title
Number Number
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
Part 1: Indoor environmental input parameters for design
EN 15251 EN 16798-1 and assessment of energy performance of buildings
addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting
and acoustics (Module M1-6)
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
Part 2: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-1 –
Indoor environmental input parameters for design and
N/A CEN/TR 16798-2
assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing
indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and
acoustics (Module M1-6)
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
Part 3: For non-residential buildings – Performance
EN 16798-3
requirements for ventilation and room-conditioning systems
EN 13779
(Modules M5-1, M5-4)
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
Part 4: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798- 3 –
N/A CEN/TR 16798-4 For non-residential buildings – Performance requirements
for ventilation and room-conditioning systems (Modules M5-
1, M5-4)
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
Part 5-1: Calculation methods for energy requirements of
ventilation and air conditioning systems (Modules M5-6, M5-
EN 15241 EN 16798-5-1
8, M6-5, M6-8, M7-5, M7-8) – Method 1: Distribution and
generation
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
Part 5-2: Calculation methods for energy requirements of
ventilation systems (Modules M5-6.2, M5-8.2) – Method 2:
EN 15241 EN 16798-5-2
Distribution and generation
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
Part 6: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-5–1
N/A CEN/TR 16798-6 and EN 16798-5-2 – Calculation methods for energy
requirements of ventilation and air conditioning systems
(Modules M5-6, M5-8, M 6-5, M6-8 , M7-5, M7-8)
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
Part 7: Calculation methods for the determination of air flow
EN 15242 EN 16798-7
rates in buildings including infiltration (Module M5-5)

Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
Part 8: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-7 –
N/A CEN/TR 16798-8
Calculation methods for the determination of air flow rates in
buildings including infiltration – (Module M5-5)
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
EN 15243 EN 16798-9 Part 9: Calculation methods for energy requirements of
cooling systems (Modules M4-1, M4-4, M4-9) – General
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
Part 10: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-9 –
Calculation methods for energy requirements of cooling
N/A CEN/TR 16798-10
systems (Module M4-1,M4-4, M4-9) – General

Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
EN 15243 EN 16798-13 Part 13: Calculation of cooling systems (Module M4-8) –
Generation
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
EN 15243 CEN/TR 16798-14 Part 14: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-13 –
Calculation of cooling systems (Module M4-8) – Generation
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
N/A EN 16798-15 Part 15: Calculation of cooling systems (Module M4-7) –
Storage
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
N/A CEN/TR 16798-16 Part 16: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-15 –
Calculation of cooling systems (Module M4-7) – Storage
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
EN 15239 and
EN 16798-17 Part 17: Guidelines for inspection of ventilation and air-
EN 15240
conditioning systems (Module M4-11, M5-11, M6-11, M7-11)
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings –
Part 18: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-17 –
N/A CEN/TR 16798-18
Guidelines for inspection of ventilation and air-conditioning
systems (Module M4-11, M5-11, M6-11, M7-11)

Introduction
The set of EPB standards, Technical Reports and supporting tools
In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach,
input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and
tools are available:
a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards: CEN/TS 16628, Energy
Performance of Buildings — Basic Principles for the set of EPB standards [3];
b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards; CEN/TS 16629,
Energy Performance of Buildings — Detailed Technical Rules for the set of EPB-standards [4];
c) the detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools:
1) a common template for each EPB-standard, including specific drafting instructions for the
relevant clauses;
2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of
EPB standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses;
3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB standard, to demonstrate
the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures.
Each EPB-standard follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the
overarching EPB-standard, EN ISO 52000-1.
One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB-standards is to enable that laws and regulations
directly refer to the EPB-standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This requires that the
set of EPB-standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous set of energy
performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible, taking into
account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy and legal
frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided
(Annex B).
Rationale behind the EPB technical reports
There is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless the
background and context to their contents – and the thinking behind them – is explained in some detail
to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative content are recorded and made
available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the EPB
standards.
If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be
confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in national or
regional building codes.
Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where all
informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative
contents (see CEN/TS 16629 [4]):
— to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content;
— to reduce the page count of the actual standard; and
— to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards.
This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project [10] that laid the
foundation for the preparation of the set of EPB standards.
This Technical Report
This Technical Report accompanies the EPB standard on the general part of the calculation of the
energy performance of cooling systems. It relates to the standard EN 16798-9, which forms part of a set
of standards related to the evaluation of the energy performance of buildings (EPB).
The role and the positioning of the accompanied standard in the set of EPB standards is defined in the
Introduction to the standard.
Accompanying spreadsheet(s)
Concerning the accompanied standard EN 16798-9, the following spreadsheets were produced:
— on EN 16798-9, for the simplified method;
— on EN 16798-9, for the detailed method;
— on EN 16798-9, for the detailed method, as a master in combination with those on EN 15316-2,
EN 15316-3, EN 16798-5-1, EN 16798-7, EN 16798-13 and EN 16798-15.
In this Technical Report, examples of each of these calculation sheets are included.
1 Scope
This Technical Report refers to the standard EN 16798-9.
It contains information to support the correct understanding, use and national adaptation of this
standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE More information on the use of EPB module numbers for normative references between EPB standards
is given in CEN ISO/TR 52000-2.
EN 16798-9:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Ventilation for buildings — Part 9: Calculation
methods for energy requirements of cooling systems (Module M4-1, M4-4, M4-9) — General
EN ISO 52000-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment — Part 1:
General framework and procedures (ISO 52000-1:2017)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16798-9:2017 apply.
NOTE More information on some key EPB terms and definitions is given in CEN ISO/TR 52000-2.
4 Symbols, subscripts and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols as mentioned and given in the accompanied EPB
standard, EN 16798-9, apply.
More information on key EPB symbols is given in CEN ISO/TR 52000-2.
4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this document, the subscripts as mentioned and given in the accompanied EPB
standard, EN 16798-9, apply.
More information on key EPB subscripts is given in CEN ISO/TR 52000-2.
4.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviations as mentioned and given in the accompanied EPB
standard, EN 16798-9, apply.
More information on key EPB abbreviations is given in CEN ISO/TR 52000-2.
5 Brief description of the methods
5.1 General
The accompanied EPB standard, EN 16798-9, covers two different methods for the calculation of the
energy performance of cooling systems: a simplified and a detailed method.
The simplified method 1 requires minimum input date and treats certain areas (like the emission and
distribution heat losses and auxiliary energy) by the use of overall factors. The detailed method 2 refers
to the outputs provided by the respective standards for the calculation of the losses and the auxiliary
energy at all stages, and therefore needs considerably more input data.
5.2 Output of the methods
The simplified method 1 covers the calculation of:
— the required cooling generation outlet temperature;
— the required cooling energy to be extracted by the cooling generation system, based on the
requirements of the thermal zones and the air handling units (AHUs) calculated according to the
module M2-2 and M5-8 standards;
— the cooling energy extracted from the distribution systems, based on the cooling energy extracted
by the generation system according to the M4-8 standard, considering possible priorities;
— the cooling energy extracted from the thermal zones and the AHUs, considering the emission losses
according to the M4-5 standard and the distribution losses according to the M4-6 standard.
In addition to the above, the detailed method 2 covers the calculation of:
— the flow and return water temperatures in the cooling distribution systems, based on the required
values;
— the volume flow rates of the cooling distribution systems;
— possible storage effects according to the M4-7 standard cooling energy extracted from the
distribution systems.
The interval of the output can be:
— yearly;
— monthly;
— hourly;
— bin.
Based on both methods, there are formulae given for the calculation of technical system performance
indicators for cooling systems.
5.3 General description of the methods
5.3.1 General
In this and all subsequent calculation methods, cooling energy is defined as extracted heat in the exact
physical meaning. Positive values mean heat taken out of the system. Heat flows generally have
opposite direction of the related flow rates.
5.3.2 Method 1 (simplified)
This calculation method:
— defines how to collect the cooling energy requirements from the thermal zones, calculated
according to the M2-2 standard and from the AHUs, calculated according to the M5-8 standards,
connected to a distribution system;
— describes the calculation of the emission losses and the distribution losses and auxiliary energy
using an overall factor approach;
— gives a method on how to dispatch the cooling energy extracted by the cooling generation,
calculated according to the M4-8 standard, to different distribution systems, considering possible
priorities.
The method can be used for both water based and direct expansion (DX) systems. In case of water
based systems, the method is simplified against method 2 and covers not all possibilities of the latter.
The list above indicates that the method describes generally a mechanical system from the cooling
generation to the thermal zones and to the AHUs served by the system.
In case of DX systems, the generation system reacts directly to the required cooling energy in the
thermals zones or the AHUs served by a system, and the distribution calculation as well as the load
dispatching is not needed. The distribution losses are assumed to be integrated in the generation
calculation, more specifically in the generator characteristics. The distinction is made between zone
based emitters and air based distribution systems. An overview of the relations to the different
modules, the boundaries and the involved indices used in the formulae for zone based emitter DX
systems is given in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Relation to modules, boundaries and involved indices for DX systems with zone
based emitters
An overview of the relations to the different modules, the boundaries and the involved indices used in
the formulae for air distribution based DX systems is given in Figure 2 and for water based systems in
Figure 3.
Figure 2— Relation to modules, boundaries and involved indices for air distribution based DX
systems
Figure 3 — Relation to modules, boundaries and involved indices for water based systems
5.3.3 Method 2 (detailed)
This calculation method:
— defines how to collect the cooling energy requirements from the thermal zones, calculated
according to the M2-2 standard and from the AHUs, calculated according to the M5-8 standards,
connected to a distribution system;
— defines how to aggregate multiple distribution systems to an overall system;
— integrates the calculation of the emission losses, calculated according to the M4-5 standard, and the
distribution losses and auxiliary energy, calculated according to the M4-6 standard;
— calculates the required cooling energy to be extracted by the cooling generation system,
considering cooling energy storage calculated according to the M4-7 standard; and
— gives a method on how to dispatch the cooling energy provided by the cooling generation,
calculated according to the M4-8 standard, to different distribution systems, considering possible
priorities.
This list and Figure 4 illustrate that the method describes generally a mechanical system from the
cooling generation to the thermal zones and to the AHUs served by a water based system, consisting of
multiple distribution branches. An overview of the relations to the different modules, the boundaries
and the involved indices used in the formulae is given in Figure 4.

Figure 4 — Relation to modules, boundaries and involved indices
For a more general approach, addressing the big variety of system designs, subclause 5.3 of the
standard refers to Annex C for functionalities influencing the energy requirements and required to be
considered.
Other types of cooling involve the calculations described in more standards, which shall be linked
together in an adequate way with the respective control mechanisms. This is specifically the case for
ventilative cooling. The way of doing this and the calculation standards involved is shown in this TR in
Clause 8.
5.4 Selection criteria between the methods
The simplified method 1, given in Clause 6 of the accompanied standard EN 16798-9, which avoids the
need for detailed distribution calculations by using factors, is given for the case of lack of information
like
— existing buildings;
— early design stage.
It also covers DX systems, for which the detailed method is not necessary.
It is suitable for longer calculation intervals like monthly or seasonal, as well as for hourly and bin
calculations.
The detailed method 2, described in Clause 7 of the accompanied standard EN 16798-9, covers all
aspects of more complex hydronic systems, including calculation of the losses and the auxiliary energy
by interface to the relevant M4-5 and M4-6 standards, load dispatching and the use of a storage device.
It is suitable for hourly calculations or with bins.
6 Calculation method 1 (simplified)
6.1 Output data
The method delivers the cooling related data needed in the overarching standard EN ISO 52000-1 for
the building overall energy calculation. It also calculates the required energy to be delivered by the
cooling generation system and the related temperature. It also delivers the cooling energy really
extracted from the thermal zones and/or from the AHUs, depending on the cooling energy extracted by
the generation system (may or may not be the required energy) as a result of the dispatching.
6.2 Calculation time interval and calculation period
6.2.1 Calculation interval
No further explanations. See 6.4.1.
6.2.2 Calculation period
The length of the calculation period, also depending on the calculation interval (e.g. month, hour), is
given in EN ISO 52000-1, (M1-9).
6.3 Input data
This method is designed to require a minimum of input data.
6.4 Calculation procedure, method 1
6.4.1 Applicable time intervals
6.4.1.1 Application to hourly calculation intervals
The method can directly be applied.
6.4.1.2 Application to seasonal and monthly calculation intervals
For all time varying operating condition parameters:
— the sum over the operational time is taken for extensive properties like energy;
— the averaged value over the operational time is taken for intensive properties like temperature.
Bins for the relevant operational and boundary condition parameters are formed and the number of
hours in each bin calculated. The energy calculation is performed for each bin with the formulae for the
hourly calculation interval, using a calculation interval tci equal to the number of hours per bin.
Bins may be applied in combination with either monthly or seasonal calculation intervals for the energy
needs calculation. In this case, bins shall be formed for each month.
6.4.2 Operating conditions calculation
6.4.2.1 Direct expansion systems
Two different cases are distinguished for DX systems:
— If DX_CLG_DIS_TYPE = ZONE_BASED: Heat is extracted directly from the conditioned zones. The
required generation outlet temperature at the current calculation interval is the set point of the
zone air temperature (Formula (1)a)):
— If DX_CLG_DIS_TYPE = AIR_BASED: Heat is extracted directly from the air stream of the system. The
required generation outlet temperature at the current calculation interval is the set point of the
supply air temperature (Formula (1)b)).
6.4.2.2 Water based systems
The required generation outlet temperature at the current calculation interval is either set to a constant
value (input, CLG_GEN_TMP_CTRL = CONST option Formula (1)c)), or to the required inlet flow
temperature of the cooling distribution system (CLG_GEN_TMP_CTRL = VARIABLE option,
Formula (1)d).
NOTE Formula (1) is a calculation expected to be done in the cooling generation standard (module M4–8).
However, the calculation is done in the accompanied standard EN 16798-9, because the different options of
system configurations are a more general issue, not restricted to the generation itself.
The required total distribution inlet flow temperature is calculated as either a constant value (input, for
CLG_DISTR_TMP_CTRL = CONST option, Formula (2)a)), a linear function of the outdoor temperature
(with required data inputs, for CLG_DISTR_TMP_CTRL = ODA_COMP option, Formula (2)b)). The control
option CLG_DISTR_TMP_ CTRL = LOAD_COMP is not applicable to this simplified calculation.
6.4.3 Energy calculation
The calculation method follows the principle, that required energies per calculation time interval are
transferred from the demand side (thermal zones and AHUs) to the supply side. Depending on the
energy, which can really be delivered by the supply side, these requirements may be covered, partly
covered or not covered.
The energy really extracted from the thermal zone j and from the air handling unit k at the current
calculation interval is calculated under the assumption that the energy is distributed proportionally to
the required energies (Formulae (3) and (4)). This simplification is necessary in order to minimize the
required information.
For DX systems, the required cooling generation energy is calculated by aggregation of the required
energies from the demand side. For the case with zone based emitters
(DX_CLG_DIS_TYPE = ZONE_BASED), this is the sum of the zone needs and the emission losses
calculated according to the module M4-5 standard (Formula (5)a)). For an air based distribution
(DX_CLG_DIS_TYPE = AIR_BASED), it is the sum of the required heat outputs from the cooling coils of
the air systems connected to the generation (Formula (5)b)).
For water based systems, the required energy to be extracted by the cooling generation is calculated by
aggregation of the required energies from the demand side and adding the emission and distribution
losses and the fraction of the pump auxiliary energy going to the chilled water (Formula (6)).
The cooling distribution heat losses and auxiliary energy are calculated as a fraction of the cooling
energy needs (Formulae (7) and (8)), using the factors f and f , which are inputs. Therefore,
C;ls;dis C;aux;dis
there is no interconnection to any M4-6 standard for this calculation method.
7 Calculation method 2 (detailed)
7.1 Output data
7.2 Calculation time interval and calculation period
7.2.1 Calculation interval
No further explanations. See 7.4.1.
7.2.2 Calculation period
The length of the calculation period, also depending on the calculation interval (e.g. month, hour), is
given in EN ISO 52000-1, (M1-9).
7.3 Input data
This method is designed to require the minimum of input data necessary for the calculation of all
features of cooling systems without going too much in detail.
7.4 Calculation procedure
7.4.1 Applicable calculation intervals
7.4.1.1 Application to hourly calculation intervals
The method can directly be applied.
7.4.1.2 Application with bins
Bins for the relevant operational and boundary condition parameters are formed and the number of
hours in each bin calculated. The energy calculation is performed for each bin with the formulae for the
hourly calculation interval, using a calculation interval t equal to the number of hours per bin.
ci
Bins may be applied in combination with either monthly or seasonal calculation intervals for the energy
needs calculation. In this case, bins shall be formed for each month.
For the application to bins, it may be necessary to provide bins for several independent operational and
boundary condition parameters. There may be such parameters depending on the building use (e.g.
occupation profile), others depending on the load (which is a result of different influences, e.g. the solar
radiation as a main climatic parameter, yet other ones depending on the outdoor temperature via the
control. This leads to a multi-dimensional matrix of bins. The process for the generation of these bins is
rather complex. Therefore, it may in many cases be simpler to do a sequential hourly calculation.
7.4.2 Operating conditions calculation
The required cooling generation outlet temperature is set as either a constant value (input, for
CLG_GEN_TMP_CTRL = CONST option, Formula (9)a)) or equal to the required total distribution inlet
flow temperature (for CLG_GEN_TMP_CTRL = VARIABLE option, Formula (9)b)).
NOTE Formula (9) is a calculation expected to be done in the cooling generation standard (module M4–8).
However, the calculation is done in the accompanied standard EN 16798-9, because the different options of
system configurations are a more general issue, not restricted to the generation itself. Especially, the value is also
connected to the storage calculation.
The required total distribution inlet flow temperature is calculated as either a constant value (input, for
CLG_DISTR_TMP_CTRL = CONST option, Formula (10)a)), a linear function of the outdoor temperature
(with required data inputs, for CLG_DISTR_TMP_CTRL = ODA_COMP option, Formula (10)b)) or to the
minimum of the required inlet flow temperatures of the subsequent distribution system branches (for
CLG_DISTR_TMP_CTRL = MAX_TMP option, Formula (10)c)).
The required inlet flow temperatures of the subsequent distribution system branches i are calculated in
the same way, with separate input values for the individual branches
(CLG_DISTR_TMP_CTRL_I = CONST option, Formula (11)a) and CLG_DISTR_TMP_CTRL_I = ODA_COMP
option, Formula (11)b)). For the CLG_DISTR_TMP_CTRL_I = MAX_TMP option in Formula (11)c), the
outdoor dependent linear function of the branch can be overridden by the required coil inlet
temperature of the AHUs. This is required for cases with dehumidification, where lower inlet
temperatures may be needed. However, no option is offered in this case for individual inlet
temperatures to the thermal zones. The assumption is that a separate value or linear function can be
determined per distribution branch. If it is required to have individual flow temperatures for each
thermal zone, a separate distribution branch would have to be defined for each zone. There is no
mechanism given to directly link the flow temperature to the zone energy need.
The volume flow rates of the distribution branches ar
...