ISO 13165-4
(Main)Water quality — Radium-226 — Part 4: Test method using alpha spectrometry
Water quality — Radium-226 — Part 4: Test method using alpha spectrometry
This document specifies methods to determine 226Ra in all types of waters by alpha spectrometry. The methods are applicable to test samples of supply/drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water, marine water, as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic, and industrial wastewater after proper sampling and handling, and test sample preparation. The detection limit depends on the sample volume, the instrument used, the background count rate, the detection efficiency, the counting time, and the chemical yield. The detection limit of the methods described in this document, using currently available alpha spectrometry apparatus, is ≤ 1 mBq·l-1 (or mBq·kg-1), which is lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (1 Bq·l-1). This value can typically be achieved with a counting time of 48 h for a test sample volume of 1 l. The method described in this document is applicable in the event of an emergency situation. For an emergency situation, it is preferable to reduce the counting time rather than the sample volume. Filtration of the test sample is necessary. The analysis of 226Ra adsorbed to suspended matter is not covered by this method. If suspended material has to be removed or analysed, filtration using a 0,45 μm filter is recommended. The analysis of the insoluble fraction requires a mineralization step that is not covered by this document. In this case, the measurement is made on the different phases obtained. The final activity is the sum of all the measured activity concentrations.
Qualité de l’eau — Radium 226 — Partie 4: Méthode d’essai par spectrométrie alpha
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International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 13165-4
ISO/TC 147/SC 3
Water quality — Radium-226 —
Secretariat: AFNOR
Part 4:
Voting begins on:
2025-04-03
Test method using alpha
spectrometry
Voting terminates on:
2025-05-29
Qualité de l’eau — Radium 226 —
Partie 4: Méthode d’essai par spectrométrie alpha
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ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(en) © ISO 2025
FINAL DRAFT
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 13165-4
ISO/TC 147/SC 3
Water quality — Radium-226 —
Secretariat: AFNOR
Part 4:
Voting begins on:
Test method using alpha
spectrometry
Voting terminates on:
Qualité de l’eau — Radium 226 —
Partie 4: Méthode d’essai par spectrométrie alpha
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
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TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(en) © ISO 2025
ii
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols . 2
5 Principle . 4
6 Sampling, handling and storage . 5
7 Procedure . 6
8 Quality assurance and quality control program . 6
8.1 General .6
8.2 Instrument verification .6
8.3 Contamination .6
8.4 Interference control .6
8.5 Alpha resolution .7
8.6 Method verification .7
8.7 Demonstration of analyst capability .7
9 Expression of results . 7
9.1 General .7
9.2 Tracer activity added .7
9.3 Count rate and net count rate .8
9.4 Total recovery .8
9.5 Activity concentration of Ra .9
9.6 Combined uncertainties .9
9.7 Decision threshold .9
9.8 Detection limit .10
9.9 Probabilistically symmetric coverage interval .10
9.9.1 Limits of the probabilistically symmetric coverage interval .10
9.9.2 Shortest coverage interval .11
10 Test report .11
Annex A (informative) Radioactive interferences and an example of alpha spectrum .13
Annex B (informative) Preparation of thin alpha source by electrodeposition . 14
Annex C (informative) Preparation of thin alpha source by barium sulfate micro-precipitation . 17
Annex D (informative) Method 1: Radium separation using a solid phase extraction disc . 19
Annex E (informative) Method 2: Radium pre-concentration, separation with a MnO resin and
removal of potential radioactive interferences using an extraction chromatography
resin .21
Annex F (informative) Method 3: Preconcentration of radium using CaCO , separation of Ra from
potential interferences using a cation exchange resin and extraction chromatography
resin .24
Annex G (informative) Method 4: Preconcentration of Ra using a lead sulfate coprecipitation
and separation of Ra from potential interferences using a complexing agent.27
Bibliography .30
iii
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 Water quality, Subcommittee SC 3,
Radioactivity measurements.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(en)
Introduction
Radionuclides are present throughout the environment; thus, water bodies (e.g. surface waters, ground
waters, sea waters) contain radionuclides, which can be of either natural or anthropogenic origin.
3 14 40
— Naturally-occurring radionuclides, including H, C, K and those originating from the thorium and
210 210 222 226 228 227 232 231 234 238
uranium decay series, in particular Pb, Po, Rn, Ra, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U and U,
can be found in water bodies due to either natural processes (e.g. desorption from the soil and runoff by
rain water) or released from technological processes involving naturally occurring radioactive materials
(e.g. mining, mineral processing, oil, gas and coal production, water treatment, and the production and
use of phosphate fertilisers).
55 59 63 90 99
— Anthropogenic radionuclides such as Fe, Ni, Ni, Sr, Tc, transuranic elements (e.g. Np, Pu, Am,
60 137
Cm), and some gamma emitting radionuclides, such as Co and Cs, can also be found in natural
waters. Small quantities of anthropogenic radionuclides can be discharged from nuclear facilities to the
environment as a result of authorized routine releases. The radionuclides present in liquid effluents
[1]
are usually controlled before being discharged to the environment and water bodies. Anthropogenic
radionuclides used for medical and industrial applications can be released to the environment after use.
Anthropogenic radionuclides are also found in waters due to contamination from fallout resulting from
above-ground nuclear detonations and accidents such as those that have
...
ISO/DISFDIS 13165-4:2025(en)
ISO/TC 147/SC 3
Secretariat: AFNOR
Date: 2025-03-20
Water quality — Radium-226 — —
Part 4:
Test method using alpha spectrometry
First edition
Date: 2025-02-07
Qualité de l’eau — Radium 226 —
Partie 4: Méthode d’essai par spectrométrie alpha
FDIS stage
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(en)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols . 2
5 Principle . 4
6 Sampling, handling and storage . 6
7 Procedure . 7
8 Quality assurance and quality control program . 7
8.1 General. 7
8.2 Instrument verification . 7
8.3 Contamination . 7
8.4 Interference control . 8
8.5 Alpha resolution . 8
8.6 Method verification . 8
8.7 Demonstration of analyst capability . 8
9 Expression of results . 8
9.1 General. 8
9.2 Tracer activity added . 9
9.3 Count rate and net count rate . 9
9.4 Total recovery . 9
9.5 Activity concentration of Ra . 10
9.6 Combined uncertainties . 10
9.7 Decision threshold . 10
9.8 Detection limit . 11
9.9 Probabilistically symmetric coverage interval . 11
10 Test report . 12
Annex A (informative) Radioactive interferences and an example of alpha spectrum . 14
Annex B (informative) Preparation of thin alpha source by electrodeposition . 16
Annex C (informative) Preparation of thin alpha source by barium sulfate micro-precipitation 20
Annex D (informative) Method 1: Radium separation using a solid phase extraction disc . 22
Annex E (informative) Method 2: Radium pre-concentration, separation with a MnO2 resin and
removal of potential radioactive interferences using an extraction chromatography resin24
Annex F (informative) Method 3: Preconcentration of radium using CaCO , separation of Ra
from potential interferences using a cation exchange resin and extraction
chromatography resin . 27
Annex G (informative) Method 4: Preconcentration of Ra using a lead sulfate coprecipitation
and separation of Ra from potential interferences using a complexing agent . 31
Bibliography . 34
iii
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules
of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee [or Project Committee] ISO/TC 147 Water quality,
Subcommittee SC 3, Radioactivity measurements.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(en)
Introduction
Radionuclides are present throughout the environment; thus, water bodies (e.g. surface waters, ground
waters, sea waters) contain radionuclides, which can be of either natural or anthropogenic origin.
3 14 40
— — Naturally-occurring radionuclides, including H, C, K and those originating from the thorium and
210 210 222 226 228 227 232 231 234 238
uranium decay series, in particular Pb, Po, Rn, Ra, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U and U, can be
found in water bodies due to either natural processes (e.g. desorption from the soil and runoff by rain
water) or released from technological processes involving naturally occurring radioactive materials (e.g.
mining, mineral processing, oil, gas and coal production, water treatment, and the production and use of
phosphate fertilisers).
55 59 63 90 99
— — Anthropogenic radionuclides such as Fe, Ni, Ni, Sr, Tc, transuranic elements (e.g. Np, Pu, Am,
60 137
Cm), and some gamma emitting radionuclides, such as Co and Cs, can also be found in natural waters.
Small quantities of anthropogenic radionuclides can be discharged from nuclear facilities to the
environment as a result of authorized routine releases. The radionuclides present in liquid effluents are
[1[1]]
usually controlled before being discharged to the environment and water bodies. Anthropogenic
radionuclides used for medical and industrial applications can be released to the environment after use.
Anthropogenic radionuclides are also found in waters due to contamination from fallout resulting from
above-ground nuclear detonations and accidents such as those that have occurred at the Chornobyl and
Fukushima nuclear facilities.
Radionuclide activity concentrations in water bodies can vary according to local geological characteristics and
climatic conditions and can be locally and temporally enhanced by releases from nuclear facilities during
[2][3 [2][3]]
planned, existing, and emergency exposure situations . . Some drinking water sources can thus contain
radionuclides at activity concentrations that can present a human health risk. The World Health Organization
[4[4]]
(WHO) recommends to routinely monitor radioactivity in drinking waters and to take proper actions when
needed to minimize the health risks.
National regulations usually specify the activity concentration limits that are authorized in drinking waters,
water bodies, and liquid effluents to be discharged to the environment. These limits can vary for planned,
existing, and emergency exposure situations. As an example, during either a planned or existing situation, the
226 −1[4[4] ]
WHO guidance level for Ra in drinking water is 1 Bq·l , , see NOTES 1 and 2. Compliance with these
limits is assessed by measuring radioactivity in water samples and by comparing the results obtained, with
[5[5]] [6[6] ]
their associated uncertainties, as specified by ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and ISO 5667-20 . .
NOTE 1 If the value is not specified in Annex 6 of Reference [4[4],], the value has been calculated using the formula
provided in Reference [4[4]] and the dose coefficient data from References [7[7]] and [8[8].].
NOTE 2 The guidance level calculated in Reference [4[4]] is the activity concentration that results in an effective dose
−1 −1
of 0,1 mSv·a to members of the public for an intake of 2 l·d of drinking water for one year. This is an effective dose
that represents a very low level of risk to human health and which is not expected to give rise to any detectable adverse
[4[4] ]
health effects . .
This document contains method(s) to support laboratories, which need to determine Ra in water samples.
The method(s) described in this document can be used for various types of waters (see Clause 1Clause 1).).
Minor modifications such as sample volume and counting time can be made if needed to ensure that the
decision threshold, detection limit, and uncertainties are below the required limits. This can be done for
several reasons such as emergency situations, lower national guidance limits, and operational requirements.
v
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(en)
Water quality — Radium-226 — —
Part 4:
Test method using alpha spectrometry
WARNING — Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practices. This
document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is
the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the
applicability of any other restrictions.
IMPORTANT — It is essential that tests conducted according to this document be carried out by
suitably trained staff.
1 Scope
This document specifies methods to determine Ra by alpha spectrometry in supply water, drinking water,
rainwater, surface and ground water, marine water, as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic, and
industrial wastewater after proper sampling, handling, and test sample preparation.
The detection limit depends on the sample volume, the instrument used, the background count rate, the
detection efficiency, the counting time, and the chemical yield. The detection limit of the methods descri
...
PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/FDIS 13165-4
ISO/TC 147/SC 3
Qualité de l’eau — Radium 226 —
Secrétariat: AFNOR
Partie 4:
Début de vote:
2025-04-03
Méthode d’essai par spectrométrie
alpha
Vote clos le:
2025-05-29
Water quality — Radium-226 —
Part 4: Test method using alpha spectrometry
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
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AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
PROJETS DE NORMES
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
NORMES POUVANT
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
Numéro de référence
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(fr) © ISO 2025
PROJET FINAL
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(fr)
Norme
internationale
ISO/FDIS 13165-4
ISO/TC 147/SC 3
Qualité de l’eau — Radium 226 —
Secrétariat: AFNOR
Partie 4:
Début de vote:
Méthode d’essai par 2025-04-03
spectrométrie alpha
Vote clos le:
2025-05-29
Water quality — Radium-226 —
Part 4: Test method using alpha spectrometry
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
© ISO 2025 INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
PROJETS DE NORMES
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
NORMES POUVANT
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse Numéro de référence
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(fr) © ISO 2025
ii
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(fr)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Symboles . 2
5 Principe. 4
6 Prélèvement, manipulation et conservation . 6
7 Mode opératoire . 6
8 Programme d’assurance qualité et de contrôle qualité . 6
8.1 Généralités .6
8.2 Vérification de l’instrument .7
8.3 Contamination .7
8.4 Contrôle des interférences .7
8.5 Résolution du spectre alpha .7
8.6 Vérification de la méthode .7
8.7 Démonstration de la compétence de l’analyste .8
9 Expression des résultats . 8
9.1 Généralités .8
9.2 Activité de traceur ajoutée .8
9.3 Taux de comptage et taux de comptage net .8
9.4 Rendement total .9
9.5 Activité volumique du 226Ra .9
9.6 Incertitudes composées . .10
9.7 Seuil de décision .10
9.8 Limite de détection .11
9.9 Intervalle élargi probabilistiquement symétrique .11
9.9.1 Limites de l’intervalle élargi probabilistiquement symétrique .11
9.9.2 Intervalle élargi le plus court .11
10 Rapport d’essai .12
Annexe A (informative) Interférents radioactifs et exemple de spectre alpha .13
Annexe B (informative) Préparation d’une source alpha en couche mince par électrodéposition . 14
Annexe C (informative) Préparation d’une source alpha en couche mince par micro-
précipitation avec du sulfate de baryum . 17
Annexe D (informative) Méthode 1: séparation du radium à l’aide d’un disque d’extraction
en phase solide . 19
Annexe E (informative) Méthode 2: préconcentration du radium, séparation par résine MnO
et élimination des éventuels interférents radioactifs à l’aide d’une résine d’extraction
chromatographique .21
Annexe F (informative) Méthode 3: préconcentration du radium avec du CaCO , séparation
des éventuels interférents par résine échangeuse de cations et résine d’extraction
chromatographique .24
Annexe G (informative) Méthode 4: préconcentration du Ra par coprécipitation avec du sulfate
de plomb et séparation du Ra des éventuelles interférences avec un agent complexant .27
Bibliographie .30
iii
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(fr)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l’utilisation
d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l’applicabilité de
tout droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l’ISO n’avait pas
reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application. Toutefois,
il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des informations
plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à l’adresse
www.iso.org/brevets. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de
propriété.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de
l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 147, Qualité de l’eau, sous-comité SC 3,
Mesurages de la radioactivité.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
iv
ISO/FDIS 13165-4:2025(fr)
Introduction
Les radionucléides sont présents partout dans l’environnement. Dès lors, les masses d’eau (par exemple les
eaux de surface, les eaux souterraines, les eaux de mer) contiennent des radionucléides d’origine naturelle
ou anthropique.
3 14 40
— Les radionucléides naturels, y compris H, C, K et ceux provenant des chaînes de désintégration du
210 210 222 226 228 227 232 231 234 238
thorium et de l’uranium, notamment Pb, Po, Rn, Ra, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U ou U
peuvent se trouver dans l’eau en raison de processus naturels (par exemple, la désorption par le sol
ou le lessivage par les eaux pluviales) ou bien ils peuvent être libérés par des procédés technologiques
mettant en œuvre des matières radioactives existant à l’état naturel (par exemple, l’extraction minière,
le traitement de sables minéraux, la production de carburant, de gaz ou de c
...
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