ISO/TS 23541-2:2025

Technical
Specification
ISO/TS 23541-2
First edition
Health informatics — Categorial
2025-03
structure for representation of 3D
human body position system —
Part 2:
Body movement
Informatique de santé — Structure catégorielle pour la
représentation du système de positionnement du corps
humain en 3D —
Partie 2: Mouvement du corps
Reference number
© ISO 2025
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 1
3.1 General terms .1
3.2 Characterizing categories .2
3.3 Abbreviated terms .4
4 Categorial structure . 4
4.1 Overview .4
4.2 Semantic links .4
4.2.1 hasDescription .4
4.2.2 hasAnnotation .4
4.2.3 hasModel .5
4.2.4 hasAction .5
4.2.5 hasActor .5
4.2.6 hasObservation .6
4.2.7 hasFinding .6
4.2.8 hasIntervention .7
4.2.9 hasSegment .7
Bibliography . 9

iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 215, Health informatics.
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iv
Introduction
In the medical field, body movements are important parts of medical recording. Gait analysis, heart pulsation,
blood flow, hemiplegic movement as well as extremity motion are representative body movements which
can require medical description. However, conventional text-based terminology does not have the capability
to express details of body movement.
With the popularity of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and three-dimensional (3D) contents,
many medical 3D animations are created without clear terminological concept representation. 3D animation
messages can vary depending on the creator, audience or countries. For example, names of body parts in
a VR scene are not clearly given by standard medical terminology. Sometimes, 3D animation concepts are
described only by narrative text, which is insufficient to deliver precise medical concepts. Additionally, 3D
animations without terminological coordination do not allow terminology-based searching capability and
interoperability within the VR system.
Patients with movement disorder do not have a visual impression on their disease. The meaning of their
symptoms and signs cannot be exactly delivered to their families. They cannot understand long-term trends
of their movement. Quantitative assessments of their motions are very difficult to achieve.
This document explains how 3D medical animations are coordinated with standard medical terminology.
Categories and relations among 3D models, actions and text terminology are given in Figure 7.
By coordinating 3D body movement to text-based standard terminology, 3D medical contents will allow
standardized communication between users and creators. This is also helpful for exchanging medical
information in health-related research. The coordination helps to deliver medical concepts of 3D body
movement, and it allows search capability with standard medical terminology.
Clinicians are able to describe patient’s movement in a more detailed manner. 3D movement models
allow objective, independent assessment of patient’s symptom and disease. Quantification and long-term
assessment are more clearly achievable.
With technological advancement in sensors and optical device, it is possible to log patient’s movements
quantitatively. These data can be processed and animated in a 3D world. Continuous monitoring of patient’s
body movement is also feasible with visual impression. Patients are able to understand their disease status
in a meaningful way.
ISO/TS 23541-1 is applied to a static model. Categorial structures for static models cannot be applied to
3D medical animations because 3D animations have one additional axis of information, which is the time
dimension. Because of this additional dimension, the categorial structure of 3D animation differs in many
ways form a static model.
In a static model, concepts are coordinated with the model and the coordination occurs only once between
the model and text terminology. However, as movement of 3D model develops over time, text terminology is
coordinated with a specific time segment as well as with a specific model. For ex
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