ISO 26022:2010

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 26022
First edition
2010-09-01
Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of
transport information and control
systems — Simulated lane change test to
assess in-vehicle secondary task demand
Véhicules routiers — Aspects ergonomiques des systèmes de
commande et d'information du transport — Essai du changement de
voie simulé pour évaluer la demande de tâche secondaire à bord du
véhicule
Reference number
©
ISO 2010
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2010
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Terms and definitions .1
3 Lane change test (LCT).3
3.1 Principle and overview.3
3.2 Participants .4
3.3 Equipment .4
3.4 Scenario design.5
3.5 Experimental design .8
3.6 Procedure.9
3.7 Performance measures and data analysis.11
3.8 Validation .14
Annex A (normative) Instructions to participants .15
Annex B (informative) Experimental plan.18
Annex C (informative) Background and rationale .20
Annex D (informative) Adapting LCT to a real vehicle .23
Annex E (normative) Calculation of LCT metric using an adapted path trajectory for each
participant .24
Annex F (informative) Interpretation of LCT measures.32
Annex G (informative) Initial validation of LCT.38
Bibliography.40

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 26022 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road Vehicles, Subcommittee SC 13,
Ergonomics applicable to road vehicles.
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Many advances are being made in introducing a wide range of information, communication, entertainment and
driver assistance systems in motor vehicles. Navigation aids, emergency messaging systems and wireless
communication, including e-mail and internet access, are all possible. Since many of these features require
the driver's attention it is important to recognise that, on one hand, these systems provide information and
assistance but, on the other hand, have the potential to distract the driver as well.
The lane change test (LCT) described in this International Standard, is a dual-task method that is intended to
estimate secondary task demand on the driver resulting from the operation of an in-vehicle device in a
laboratory setting. The method is simple and inexpensive so that it can be used by vehicle manufacturers,
in-vehicle device manufacturers, and other organizations.
The driver behaviour and attentional demand principles embodied in the LCT only apply to the operation of a
typical passenger car, as the vehicle dynamics model, driver eye height, and lane change dimensions and
geometries are scaled for such vehicles.
The test procedure specified in this International Standard uses software to set up the LCT task on a
computer, and to calculate the primary task performance measures. Appropriate software is available from the
ISO Central Secretariat.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 26022:2010(E)

Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information
and control systems — Simulated lane change test to assess
in-vehicle secondary task demand
1 Scope
This International Standard describes a dynamic dual-task method that quantitatively measures human
performance degradation on a primary driving-like task while a secondary task is being performed. The result
is an estimate of secondary task demand.
The method is laboratory based, and this International Standard defines the method, the minimum
requirements for equipment to support the method, and procedures for collecting and analyzing data derived
from the method.
The method is applicable to all types of interactions with in-vehicle information, communication, entertainment
and control systems; manual, visual, haptic and auditory, and combinations thereof. Secondary tasks requiring
speed variations to be performed cannot be tested with this method. It applies to both Original Equipment
Manufacturer (OEM) and aftermarket in-vehicle systems. It also applies to systems either portable or
integrated into the vehicle. The driver behaviour principles, the specific task procedures and driving task
correspond only to the operation of a passenger car.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
adaptive model
reference path trajectory adapted to each participant
2.2
baseline
test condition with the primary task only
2.3
basic model
nominal reference path trajectory is the same for all participants
2.4
calibration task
type of reference task used for the purpose of comparing different tests or test results between sites, or over
time at a given site
2.5
course
path along which the simulated vehicle actually travels
2.6
dual task
two tasks concurrently performed, primary task plus a secondary task
2.7
environment
physical surroundings in which data are captured
2.8
goal
system end state sought by the driver and which is meaningful in the context of a driver's use of an in-vehicle
system
EXAMPLE Obtaining guidance to a particular destination; magnification of a map display; or cancelling route
guidance.
2.9
integrated system
two or more in-vehicle devices, which provide information to, or receive output from, the driver of a motor
vehicle, whose input and/or output have been combined or harmonized
EXAMPLE 1 An in-vehicle entertainment system and route guidance system which use the same visual, manual and
auditory interface.
EXAMPLE 2 An in-vehicle entertainment system whose auditory output mutes when a mobile phone call is made or
received.
2.10
lane change
lateral displacement of a vehicle from current lane to another lane, including crossing one or two lanes
2.11
lane change task
series of prescribed lane change manoeuvres that are the main component of the primary task in the lane
change test
2.12
outlier
an observation that lies outside the overall pattern of a distribution
2.13
manufacturer
organisation or person designing, developing, producing, integrating and/or supplying in-vehicle equipment
2.14
path deviation measure
mdev
difference between a reference path trajectory and an actual driven course
2.15
portable system
nomadic device
device which provides information to, or receives output from the driver of a motor vehicle, that can be used
within the vehicle without installation or can be rapidly and easily installed in and removed from the vehicle
2.16
primary task
course following and manoeuvring control activity which a participant performs throughout the duration of a
test (simulated substitute for driving)
2.17
reference task
a standardized secondary task which can be used to compare different levels of performance degradation
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

2.18
run
driving used to collect LCT data, typically consisting of 18 lane changes accomplished over a 3 minute period
in either single task or dual task conditions
2.19
secondary task
interaction with an in-vehicle information, communication, entertainment, or control system, carried out
concurrently with the primary task
2.20
secondary task demand
sum of perceptual, cognitive and motoric activity required by a secondary task
2.21
single task
one task (primary or secondary task) without additional activity (as opposed to dual task)
2.22
task
process of achieving a specific and measurable goal using a prescribed method
NOTE Ultimately, it is for the users of this International Standard to determine tasks that are meaningful in the
context of a driver's use of an in-vehicle device.
EXAMPLE 1 Obtaining guidance by entering a street address using the scrolling list method, continuing until route
guidance is initiated (visual-manual task).
EXAMPLE 2 Determining where to turn based on a turn-by-turn guidance screen (visual task).
2.23
track
three-lane, straight, simulated roadway
2.24
trial
investigation of one participant undertaking one repetition of one secondary task
3 Lane change test (LCT)
3.1 Principle and overview
The lane change test (LCT) is a simple laboratory dynamic dual task method that quantitatively measures
performance degradation in a primary driving task while a secondary task is being performed. The primary
task in the LCT is a simulated driving task which resembles the visual, cognitive and motor demands of
driving.
In the LCT, a test participant is required to do a primary task consisting of driving at a constant, system-limited
speed of 60 km/h along a simulated straight three-lane road containing a series of lane changes defined by
signs displayed on a screen. Simulated vehicle position is controlled by means of a steering wheel.
Participants are instructed in which of the lanes to drive by signs that appear at approximately regular intervals
on both sides of the track. The LCT is performed by participants according to pre-test instructions contained in
this International Standard (see Annex A). The method may be implemented in a laboratory, in a driving
simulator, in a mock-up or in a real vehicle.
There is no limitation to the definition of a secondary task according t
...