SIST EN ISO 23308-1:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2025
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 16796-1:2017
Vozila za talni transport - Energijska učinkovitost - Preskusne metode - 1. del:
Splošno (ISO 23308-1:2025)
Energy efficiency of industrial trucks - Test methods - Part 1: General (ISO 23308-
1:2025)
Energieeffizienz von Flurförderzeugen - Prüfverfahren - Teil 1: Allgemeines (ISO 23308-
1:2025)
Efficacité énergétique des chariots de manutention - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 1:
Généralités (ISO 23308-1:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 23308-1:2025
ICS:
27.015 Energijska učinkovitost. Energy efficiency. Energy
Ohranjanje energije na conservation in general
splošno
53.060 Industrijski tovornjaki Industrial trucks
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 23308-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.060 Supersedes EN 16796-1:2016
English Version
Energy efficiency of industrial trucks - Test methods - Part
1: General (ISO 23308-1:2025)
Efficacité énergétique des chariots de manutention - Energieeffizienz von Flurförderzeugen - Prüfverfahren
Méthodes d'essai - Partie 1: Généralités (ISO 23308- - Teil 1: Allgemeines (ISO 23308-1:2025)
1:2025)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 June 2025.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 23308-1:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 23308-1:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 110
"Industrial trucks " in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 150 “Industrial Trucks - Safety”
the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2025, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16796-1:2016.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 23308-1:2025 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 23308-1:2025 without any
modification.
International
Standard
ISO 23308-1
Second edition
Energy efficiency of industrial
2025-06
trucks — Test methods —
Part 1:
General
Efficacité énergétique des chariots de manutention — Méthodes
d'essai —
Partie 1: Généralités
Reference number
ISO 23308-1:2025(en) © ISO 2025

ISO 23308-1:2025(en)
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 23308-1:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Test conditions . 3
4.1 General .3
4.2 Test equipment .3
4.2.1 Test area .3
4.2.2 Test track .3
4.2.3 Test load and / or towing capacity .3
4.3 Truck conditions .4
4.4 Environmental conditions .4
4.5 Truck maintenance .4
4.6 Battery condition .5
5 Measurement procedure . 5
5.1 General .5
5.2 Operating sequence .5
5.3 Electric trucks .5
5.3.1 General .5
5.3.2 Truck measurement .6
5.3.3 Battery efficiency .6
5.3.4 Charger efficiency .7
5.4 Internal combustion (IC) trucks .7
5.5 Hybrid trucks .8
5.6 Measurement accuracy .8
5.7 Calculation .8
6 Documentation . 8
6.1 Test report .8
6.2 Declaration .9
6.2.1 Truck energy consumption .9
6.2.2 Battery efficiency .9
6.2.3 Charger efficiency .9
Annex A (normative) Determination of battery efficiency by using the synthetic discharge cycle .10
Annex B (normative) Simplified procedure to calculate the battery and charging efficiency for
lead-acid batteries .15
Annex C (informative) Calculation of the carbon dioxide equivalent . 17
Bibliography .20

iii
ISO 23308-1:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 110, Industrial trucks, Subcommittee SC 5,
Sustainability, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 150, Industrial trucks − Safety, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23308-1:2020), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the list of truck types in the Scope truck types has been adapted to align with ISO 5053-1;
— the normative references have been updated;
— in 6.1, a reference to the relevant part of the ISO 23308 series has been added.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23308 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
ISO 23308-1:2025(en)
Introduction
The ISO 23308 series deals with the energy efficiency of industrial trucks including batteries and battery
chargers.
This document contains the procedures to determine the efficiency of trucks, traction batteries and battery
chargers. The other parts of the ISO 23308 series provide specific test cycles for different truck types.
[1]
NOTE The test cycles are based on the VDI 2198 guideline. This guideline was widely accepted by industry and
was used to measure the energy consumption of electric industrial trucks and internal combustion (IC) industrial
trucks. The guideline has been in place since 1996 and it is widely used. This approach provides procedures for the
evaluation of the energy efficiency of trucks by comparison.
Annex C of this document includes information on calculation of the greenhouse gas equivalent.
The content of this document is of relevance for the following stakeholder groups:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— market surveillance authorities;
— machine users (small, medium and large enterprises);
— service providers, for example for consulting activities.
These stakeholder groups have been given the opportunity to take part in the drafting process of this
document. The machines concerned are indicated in the scope of this document. This document provides
specifications for testing. The machine instruction handbook includes information for the user, such as
energy consumption.
Typical users of this document are technical experts involved in testing and/or simulation or calculation of
the energy consumption of industrial trucks in the scope of this document.

v
International Standard ISO 23308-1:2025(en)
Energy efficiency of industrial trucks — Test methods —
Part 1:
General
1 Scope
This document specifies general test criteria and requirements to measure the energy consumption for
self-propelled industrial trucks (hereinafter referred to as trucks) during operation. For electric trucks, the
efficiency of the battery and the battery charger is included.
ISO 23308-2, ISO 23308-3, ISO 23308-4 and ISO 23308-6 contain additional, truck-specific requirements
which build on those expressed in this document.
This document is applicable to the in-use phase of the product life cycle.
It applies to the following truck types as defined in ISO 5053-1:
— counterbalance lift truck;
— articulated counterbalance lift truck;
— reach truck (with retractable mast or fork arm carriage);
— straddle truck;
— pallet-stacking truck;
— pallet truck;
— platform and stillage truck;
— end-controlled pallet truck;
— order-picking truck;
— centre-controlled order-picking truck;
— towing tractor;
— pushing tractor;
— burden and personnel carrier;
— lorry-mounted truck;
— towing and stacking tractor;
— side-loading truck (one side only);
— variable-reach container handler;
— counterbalance container handler;
— lateral-stacking truck (both sides);
— lateral-stacking truck (three sides);

ISO 23308-1:2025(en)
— multi-directional lift truck;
— variable-reach truck;
— platform truck;
— double-stacker;
— rough-terrain truck;
— rough-terrain variable-reach truck;
— slewing rough-terrain variable-reach truck;
— stacking high-lift straddle carrier.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3691-1:2011/Amd 1:2020, Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 1: Self-propelled
industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks
ISO 3691-2:2023, Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 2: Self-propelled variable-
reach trucks
ISO 5053-1, Industrial trucks — Vocabulary — Part 1: Types of industrial trucks
ISO 15500-1, Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 1: General
requirements and definitions
ISO 3411, Earth-moving machinery — Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope
IEC 60254-1, Lead acid traction batteries — Part 1: General requirements and methods of tests
IEC 62620:2014/Amd 1:2023, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes
— Secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications
EN 589, Automotive fuels — LPG — Requirements and test methods
EN 590, Automotive fuels — Diesel — Requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
battery
electrical power source consisting of battery cells, connectors of cells, battery controller (if applicable, for
example controller for Li-Ion batteries) and battery enclosure that is ready to use in a truck

ISO 23308-1:2025(en)
3.2
battery state of charge
measured capacity [in Ampere hours (Ah)] of the battery divided by the maximum rated capacity (Ah),
expressed as a percentage
3.3
carbon dioxide equivalent
C
eq
quantity that describes, for a given mixture and amount of greenhouse gas, the amount of CO that would
have the same global warming potential
3.4
charging factor
ratio between amount of Ampere hours (Ah) recharged into the battery and the prior discharged amount of
Ah from the battery
Note 1 to entry: Typically, the charge factor for lead-acid batteries is in the range of 1,02 to 1,25.
3.5
power battery factor
f
PB
factor that gives the ratio between the battery capacity and the electrical power taken from the battery
3.6
synthetic discharge cycle
typical battery discharge profile that mirrors the actual energy consumption of electric trucks during a test cycle
4 Test conditions
4.1 General
The following test conditions ensure that the measurement of power consumption is performed in a similar
and comparable way.
4.2 Test equipment
4.2.1 Test area
The test area shall be a flat and smooth area with a hard, clean and dry surface made of concrete, asphalt or
equivalent. The test course shall have no more than 2 % slope in any direction of travel.
4.2.2 Test track
For information specific to the truck type, see the specific part of the ISO 23308 series.
4.2.3 Test load and / or towing capacity
Unless it is otherwise stated in the specific part of the ISO 23308 series, the test load shall be equal to 70 %
of the rated load at the standard load centre distance of the truck, in accordance with ISO 3691-1:2011 and
ISO 3691-1:2011/Amd 1:2020, A.2, or ISO 3691-2:2023, A.1 and A.3.
Tractors shall tow with a force according to 70 % of the rated drawbar pull, as defined in ISO 3691-1:2011, A.3.
Burden-carriers shall be laden with 70 % of the maximum payload, as defined by the manufacturer.
Personnel carriers shall be laden with a mass equivalent to 70 % of the total weight of passengers considering
large operator weight of 114 kg in accordance with ISO 3411.

ISO 23308-1:2025(en)
4.3 Truck conditions
The truck to be tested shall be a sample that is representative of production. For all parts of the truck,
with effect to the energy consumption, a run-in time of up to 100 h is permissible. The run-in time shall be
documented.
The truck to be tested shall be in a safe and functional state. All equipment attached shall be in accordance
with the specification of the manufacturer of the truck.
The set-up of the truck (e.g. software parameters) shall be available according to the manufacturer's
specification. This requirement means that the truck performance as specified is achievable (e.g. driving
and lifting speed, acceleration) and all software settings are commercially available to the customer.
EXAMPLE The test driver can adapt the maximum driving speed to achieve the number of cycles per hour.
The test truck shall be fitted with new tyres (maximum 10 % of tread wear) which shall conform to the
specifications of the manufacturer of the truck. Pneumatic tyres shall be inflated to their correct pressure
as specified by the truck manufacturer or by default from the tyre manufacturer.
The fuel tanks of IC engine trucks shall be filled to the maximum specified level prior to the warm up period.
All other tanks shall be filled to their correct operating levels, if applicable.
If the test is to be performed on a sample that is representative for a range of trucks with the same rated
capacity but different lift heights, the test shall be carried out on the truck with the specification according
to ISO 3691-1:2011, A.2.1. For trucks covered by ISO 3691-2, the specific requirements of the specific part of
the ISO 23308 series shall apply.
For trucks covered by ISO 3691-1, the specified lift height shall be at least the standard lift height according
to ISO 3691-1:2011 and ISO 3691-1:2011/Amd 1:2020, A.2.2. The truck’s specified lift height shall allow the
measurement procedures as defined in the specific part of the ISO 23308 series.
If the test is to be performed on a sample that is representative of a range of trucks with the same
rated capacity and the lift height is lower than the lift height that is specified in ISO 3691-1:2011 and
ISO 3691-1:2011 and ISO 3691-1:2011/Amd 1:2020, A.2.1 and A.2.2, the test shall be carried out on the truck
with the greatest lift height.
If the test is to be performed on a sample representative of a range of electric trucks with the option of
different battery capacities, the test shall be carried out on the truck with the standard battery or batteries
according to the data sheet of the truck.
4.4 Environmental conditions
The measurement shall be carried out at an environmental temperature range between 5 °C and 35 °C.
The truck in test configuration shall be at operating temperature.
A minimum warm-up period of 10 min is required for the laden truck, before the test starts.
4.5 Truck maintenance
IC trucks with emissions control systems that can require cleaning or regeneration of the emission control
device shall remain within manufacturer-recommended parameters throughout the test. The automatic
regenerating of the emission control device may be blocked during the test.
Engines with other emissions control systems utilizing additional reagents or materials shall remain within
the parameters recommended by the manufacturer throughout the test.

ISO 23308-1:2025(en)
4.6 Battery condition
Battery efficiencies are influenced by many factors, for example cell technology, cell type, cell design and
geometry. Therefore, the battery efficiency as stated in 6.2.2 is representative for the tested battery type or
battery manufacturer.
If the battery technology requires any energy consuming auxiliary device, for example battery management
system, controller, cooling or heating, this shall be included in the test.
The battery shall be charged to the rated capacity prior to the respective test. When tests require discharging
to the rated minimum capacity of the battery, this shall be determined by one of the following methods:
a) Lead-acid batteries voltage: The battery is discharged if the voltage is less than or equal to 1,6 V/cell
(according to IEC 60254-1
...