ISO/IEC 12087-2:1994

INTERNATIONAL
ISO/IEC
STANDARD
12087-2
First edition
1994-08-o 1
Information technology - Computer
graphics and image processing - Image
Processing and Interchange (IPI) -
-
Functional specification
Part 2:
Programmer’s imaging kernel system
application program interface
Technologies de Yin formation - Infographie et traitement de /‘image -
Traitement de /‘image et 6change (IPI) - Spbcification fonctionnelle -
Partie 2: Interface de programme d’application P/KS
Reference number
&O/l EC 12087-2: 1994(E)
ISO/IEC 12087-2: 1994(E)
Contents
. . .
Vlll
Foreword
1 scope
2 Normative references
3 Symbols and abbreviations
4 Programmer’s Imaging Kernel System specification
4.1 PIKS imaging model
4.1.1 Image data objects
4.1.2 Non-image data objects
4.1.3 Data object creation
4.2 PIKS operators, tools, data object repository utilities, and system mechanisms
4.2.1 Operators
4.2.2 Tools
4.2.3 Data object repository
4.2.3.1 Impulse response function arrays 17
4.2.3.2 Dither arrays
4.2.3.3 Colour conversion matrices 17
4.2.4 Utilities
4.2.5 System mechanisms 18
0 ISO/IEC 1994
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ISO/IEC 1208%2:1994(E)
0 ISO/IEC
Contents
4.3 PIKS operator model
4.3.1 Non-image to non-image operators
4.3.2 Image to non-image operators
4.3.3 Image to image operators
4.3.4 Neighbourhood operators
4.3.5 Operator index assignment
4.4 PIKS system mechanisms
4.4.1 Data object allocation
4.4.2 Match point control
4.4.3 kOI control
4.4.4 ROI data object creation and manipulation
4.4.5 Asynchronous control
4.4.6 Element chaining
4.4.6.1 Chain construction
.
4.4.6.2 Chain execution
4.4.7 Vial register control
4.4.7.1 Virtual registers for storage of PIKS temporary variables
4.4.7.2 Virtual registers for asynchronous control
4.4.7.3 Virtual registers for chain iteration and conditional execution
4.4.7.4 Virtual registers for auditing asynchronous state
4.4.8 Global element control
4.4.9 Composite image management
4.4.9.1 Composite image identifkr arrays
4.4.9.2. Composite image identifier lists
4.4.9.3 Composite image identifier records
4.4.10 PIKS error handling
4.4.11 PIKS operational states
4.5 PIKS utilities
4.5.1 Inquiry
4.5.2 Import and export
4.5.2.1 Data object import and export utilities
4.5.2.2 PIKS to application data type conversion
. . .
0 ISO/IEC
ISO/IEC 12087-2: 1994(E)
Contents
and extension methods
5 PKSconfornI
51 . 1 Foundation profile
52 . Application profiles
53 . Full profile
54 . IIF capability profiles
. PIKS profile definitions
Extension methods
56 .
6 PIKS element specification template
7 PIKS element specifications
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ISO/IEC 12087=2:1994(E)
0 ISO/IEC
Contents
Annexes:
A Definitions of mathematical functions
A.1 Conventional mathematical symbols
A.2 Operational symbols
A.3 Mathematical titions
B PIKS element support - source image structure
C PIKS element support - destination image structure
D PIKS element support - source and destination image data type
E PIKS operator support - operator order
F PIKS element functionality
G PIKS data object repository
G-1 Impulse response function arrays
G.2 Dither arrays
G.3 Colour conversion matrices
H PIKS image resampling
J PIKS emor codes
K Bibliography of image processing books
L Alphabetical listings of PIKS elements by profile
L.l Alphabetical listing of PIKS elements in the Foundation profile
L.2 Alphabetical listing of PIKS elements in the Technical profile
L.3 Alphabetical listing of PIKS elements in the Scientific profile 938
L.4 Alphabetical listing of PIKS elements in the Full profile

0 ISO/IEC
ISO/IEC 12087-2: 1994(E)
List of figures
List of figures
1 PIKS imaging model
PIKS operator model: non-image to non-image operators 30
3 PIKS operator model: image to non-image operators
4 PIKS operator model: image to image operators
5 Operator index assignment
6 Example of match point translation fos image subtraction
Examples of ROI operation
8 Example of the relationship between a ROI and an image
Examples of PIKS element chains
10 PIKS operational state diagram
11 PIKS interface to the IIF gateway and an application
12 PIES to application interface

ISO/IEC 12087=2:1994(E)
0 ISO/IEC
List of tables
List of tables
PIKS image objects
2 PIKS operators listed by functional class
3 PIKS tools listed by functional class
4 PIKS utilities listed by functional class
PIKS system mechanisms listed by fi~~tional class 28
6 PIKS data type codes
7 External physical data types supported by PIKS
Data types of PIKS non-image data objects supported in the Foundation profile 62
PIKS conformance profles 63
10 Number d qxxators, tools, utilities, mechanisms, and total elements in each profile
11 PIKS elements in each profile
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ISO/IEC 12087-2: 1994(E)
0 ISO/IEC
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the Inter-
national Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide
standardization. National bodies that are members of IS0 or IEC participate in the
development of International Standards through technical committees established
by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
IS0 and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other
international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with
IS0 and IEC, also take part in the work.
In the field of information technology, IS0 and IEC have established a joint
technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the
joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication
as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national
bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO/IEC 12087-2 was prepared by Joint Technical
Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 24,
Computer graphics and image processing.
ISO/IEC 12087 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information
technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Image processing and
interchange (IPI) - Functional specification:
- Part 1: Common architecture for imaging
- Part 2: Programmer’s imaging kernel system application program
interface
- Part 3: Image Interchange Facility
Annexes A, G, H and J form an integral part of this part of ISO/IEC 12087.
Annexes B, C, D, E, F, IS and L are for information only.
. . .
Vlll
ISO/IEC 12087=2:1994(E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO/IEC
Information technology -
Computer graphics and
image processing -
Image Processing and Interchange
(IPI) - Functional specification -
Part 2:
Programmer’s imaging kernel system application -program
interface
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 12087 establishes the specification of the application program interface (API),
called the Programmer’s Imaging Kernel System (PIKS). ISO/IEC 120874 establishes the conceptual
and architectural definitions of the Common Architecture for Imaging (WI). ISO/IEC 12087-3
establishes the specification of the Image Interchange Facility (IIF).
PIKS is intended to provide a rich set of both low-level and high-level services on image and image-
derived data objects. These services can be used as building blocks for a broad range of common
imaging applications.
A conscious effort has been made by the developers of PIKS to create a standard that does not favor any
Implementations of PIKS should be possible on computing systems
particular computing system.
ranging in architecture from general purpose computers to specialised hardware accelerators, ranging in
size from personal computers to mainframe supercomputers, and ranging in connectivity from stand-
alone machines to distributed computing networks.
Where applicable, PIKS relies on other APIs and data format standards to provide capabilities that are
not unique to imaging. The following lists contain a summary of technological capabilites provided by
PIKS and not provided by PIKS. However, it should be noted that PIKS functionality may be useful as
a pre-processor or coprocessor for many of the technologies in the “Not provided by PIKS” list.

ISO/IEC 12087-2: 1994(E) 0 ISO/IEC
Scope
Provided by PIKS
analysis
image
image classikation (basic)
image enhancement
image interchange between PIKS and an application
image interchange between PIKS and the IIF
manipulation primitives
image
image processing data object generation tools (e.g., image filter functions)
image restoration
image visualization (basic)
standard colour models
Not provided by PIKS
audio
computer graphics
device control
image acquisition
image communication
image compression and decompression
image display
image transport between applications
image understanding
multimedia
pattern recognition
specific implementations
video
window systems
NOTE - The Image Interchange Facility of ISO/IEC 12087-3 specifies image compression and decompression functionality and
image transport between applications and between an application and PIKS.

0 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 12087-2: 1994(E)
Normative references
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through references in this text, constitute provisions
of this part of the ISO/IEC 12087. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All
standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC 12087 are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent standards indicated below.
Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid In&national Standards.
ISO/IEC 12087- 1:--l), Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Image
Processing and Interchange (IPI) - Functional specification - Part I: Common Architecture for
Imaging.
Computer graphics and image processing - Image
ISOIIEC 12087-3:-l), Information technology -
- Part 3: Image Interchange Facility.
Processing and Interchange (IPI) - Functional specification
1) to be published.
ISO/IEC 12087-2: 1994(E)
0 ISO/IEC
Normative references
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0 ISO/IEC
Symbols and abbreviations
3 Symbols and abbreviations
The following are symbols and abbreviations utilized in this standard. The mathematical functions are
defined in Annex A.
zero-dimensional
OD
one-dimensional
1D
2D two-dimensional
three-dimensional
3D
fourdimensional
4D
five-dimensional
5D
ACOS arccosinefunctian
logical AND operator
Application Program Interface
API
ASIN arc sine fiulction
index assignment function between image and operator input indices
ASSIGN
ASN.l abstract syntax notation one
AIAN arc tangent fbnction
arc tangent ratio function
ATAN
b spectral band index of an image
B image spectral band size
BD Boolean data type (PIKS internal)
BER basic encoding rules
BI external Boolean pixel data type
BITEXI-
bit extraction fimction
BITINS bit insertion function
BP Boolean data type (PIKS parameter)
CAI Common Architecture for Imaging
CAS Hartley cas function
CCIR
Comite Consultatif International des Radiocommunications
CD complex arithmetic data type (PIKS internal)
cl! external complex floating point pixel data type
chain data object
CHOICE choice function
0 ISO/IEC
ISO/IEC 12087-2: 1994(E)
Symbols and abbreviations
Commission Intemationale de 1’IWiirage
colour image
COLR
CONJ complex conjugate function
cos cosine function
CP complex arithmetic data type (PIKS parameter)
cs character string data type
D single operator output image
DE-I- determinant of matrix argument
DOB destination non-image object
q-th operator output image, 1
sqsQ
Ds
DST single destination image
DSTq q-th destination image, 11 q s Q
EBU European Broadcasting Union
El? enumerated parameter
Gaussian error function
exponential htion
external data type
GEN generic image
HIST histogram data object
i squarerootofminusone,i=+l
ID data object identifier (PIKS internal)
IDARRAY composite image identifier array
-
ID-LI!3T composite image identifier list
IDJtEcoRD composite imageidentifier record
IEC International Electrotechnical Commissian
Institute Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IIF Image Interchange Facility
IMAG imaginary part of complex number argument function
in input parameter
IP
data object identifier (PIKS parameter)
IPI Image Processing and Interchange
IS0 International Organisation far Standardisation
ISOAEC 12087=2:1994(E)
0 ISOAEC
Symbols and abbreviations
first operator index
j
first operator index size
J
k second operator index
K second operator index size
third operator index
L third operator index size
lowest integer value of argument function
LIV
LOG base e natural logarithm function
lookup table function
LOOK
lookup table data object
LUT
fourth operator index
m
fourth operator index size
M
matrix data object
maximum of argument sequence function
minimum of argument sequence function
MOD modulus function
MON monochrome image
fifth operator index
n
N fZth operator index size
not applicable
NA
NAND logical NAND operator
NBHOOD_ARRAY neighbourhood array data object
ND non-negative integer data type (PJKS internal)
NI external non-negative integer pixel data type
nearest integer value of argument function
NOR logical
...