ISO/IEC TS 5147:2023

TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TS
SPECIFICATION 5147
First edition
2023-07
Information technology — Computer
graphics, image processing and
environmental data representation
— Guidelines for representation and
visualization of smart cities
Technologies de l'information — Infographie, traitement d'images
et représentation de données environnementales — Lignes
directrices relatives à la représentation et à la visualisation des villes
intelligentes
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2023
© ISO/IEC 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Published in Switzerland
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© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 3
4 Representation and visualization standards . 4
4.1 Standards overview . 4
4.2 Representation standards . 4
4.3 Visualization standards . 5
4.4 Mixed and augmented reality standards . 6
5 Concepts . 7
5.1 Overview . 7
5.2 Modelling, representing and visualizing smart cities . 7
5.3 Smart city object . 8
5.4 Guidance for representation of smart city objects . 10
5.5 Guidance for visualization of smart city objects .12
5.6 Guidance for representation and visualization of smart cities .12
6 Representation and visualization methods for smart city data categories .13
6.1 Guidelines for representation and visualization . 13
6.2 Representation and visualization methods . 15
6.2.1 Natural environment . 15
6.2.2 Built environment . 15
6.2.3 Dynamic entities . 16
6.2.4 Networks . 16
6.2.5 Weather . 16
6.2.6 Sensors . 16
6.2.7 Spatiotemporal data . 16
6.2.8 Physical properties. 17
6.2.9 Semantic properties . 17
6.2.10 Analytical data . 18
6.2.11 Imagery . 19
6.2.12 Video . 19
6.2.13 Sound . 19
6.2.14 Haptics . 19
6.2.15 Multidimensional data . 19
6.2.16 Social media .20
6.3 Mapping of data categories to presentation / visualization methods . 21
7 Representation and visualization of smart cities using standards .21
8 Use cases .22
Annex A (informative) Use cases for applying standards to smart cities .23
Bibliography .32
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© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria
needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in
accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the
use of (a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of
any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC
had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However,
implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained
from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall
not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 24, Computer graphics, image processing and environmental data representation.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
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© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Developers and users of a smart city need tools to evaluate and examine options and trade-offs and
predict outcomes. Parts or all of a smart city may need to be modelled, and smart city functions
need to be simulated to evaluate possible outcomes. The modelling and simulation of smart city
functions and processes require representation and visualization of the data. Representation and
visualization of smart cities enable prototyping, demonstration and analysis of smart city concepts for
further development. Both physical/geometric and semantic data can be represented and visualized.
Representation and visualization of smart cities is a prime application for an integrated approach
to leverage standardization since no single standard may address all requirements. This document
provides guidance as to what needs to be represented for smart cities and how this can be achieved.
This document describes categories of data associated with smart cities and guidelines for their
representation and visualization. It describes how standards can be applied to represent and visualize
urban infrastructure, services and features. Use cases are presented that explore how these standards
could be applied in smart city analysis and visualization applications.
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© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/IEC TS 5147:2023(E)
Information technology — Computer graphics, image
processing and environmental data representation —
Guidelines for representation and visualization of smart
cities
1 Scope
This document specifies guidelines for the representation and visualization of smart cities. This
document:
a) describes the concepts of a smart city, smart city object and smart city data,
b) describes categories of data associated with smart cities,
c) provides guidance for representation of smart cities,
d) describes guidance for visualization of smart cities,
e) provides guidance in selecting the appropriate representation and visualization technique for
different categories of smart city data using standards, and
f) provides use cases for applying standards to the representation and visualization of smart cities.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in the document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
3D city model
representation of an urban environment with a 3D geometr
...