ISO/TR 25901-3:2016
(Main)Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 3: Welding processes
Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 3: Welding processes
ISO/TR 25901-3:2016 contains terms and definitions for welding processes, classified in accordance with their physical characteristics and to the relevant energy carrier. It does not contain terms and definitions related to specific processes or particular aspects of welding and allied processes that are covered in other parts of this Technical Report (see Foreword) or in other ISO standards. In the main body of this part of ISO/TR 25901, terms are arranged in a systematic order. Annex A provides an index in which all terms are listed alphabetically with reference to the appropriate subclause. In addition, it provides French translations, covering two of the three official ISO languages (English, French and Russian). German translations are also provided; these are published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN) and are given for information only. NOTE 1 Only the terms given in the official languages (English, French and Russian) are to be considered as ISO terms and definitions. NOTE 2 All these terms and definitions are also available on the ISO Online Browsing Platform (OBP): https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
Soudage et techniques connexes — Vocabulaire — Partie 3: Procédés de soudage
ISO/TR 25901-3:2016 fournit les termes et définitions applicables aux procédés de soudage, classés selon leurs caractéristiques physiques et le porteur d'énergie correspondant. Elle ne fournit pas les termes et définitions relatifs à des procédés spécifiques ou à des aspects particuliers du soudage et des techniques connexes qui sont couverts par d'autres parties du présent Rapport Technique (voir Avant-propos) ou par d'autres normes ISO. Dans la section principale de cette partie de l'ISO/TR 25901, les termes sont classés selon un ordre systématique. L'Annexe A fournit un index alphabétique dans lequel les termes sont énumérés avec un renvoi aux paragraphes appropriés. Elle fournit en outre la traduction des termes en langue anglaise, couvrant ainsi deux des trois langues officielles de l'ISO (anglais, français et russe). Des traductions en langue allemande sont également fournies; celles-ci sont publiées sous la responsabilité du comité membre de l'Allemagne (DIN), et sont données uniquement pour information. NOTE 1 Seuls les termes et définitions dans les langues officielles peuvent être considérés comme étant des termes et définitions de l'ISO. NOTE 2 Tous ces termes et définitions sont également disponibles sur la plateforme de consultation en ligne (OBP) de l'ISO: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 25901-3
First edition
2016-03-15
Welding and allied processes —
Vocabulary —
Part 3:
Welding processes
Soudage et techniques connexes — Vocabulaire —
Partie 3: Procédés de soudage
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
2.1 Basic terms and definitions . 1
2.2 Terms related to welding processes . 2
2.2.1 Welding with pressure . 2
2.2.2 Fusion welding .22
Annex A (informative) Alphabetical index of English terms with French and
German translations .38
Annex B (informative) Alphabetical index of welding processes related terms defined in
ISO 857-1:1998 that were not included in this part of ISO/TR 25901 .44
Bibliography .45
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee
SC 7, Representation and terms, in collaboration with Commission VI, Terminology, of the International
Institute of Welding (IIW).
This first edition of ISO/TR 25901-3, together with the other parts of ISO/TR 25901, cancels and
replaces ISO 857-1:1998 and ISO/TR 25901:2007, of which it constitutes a revision.
ISO/TR 25901 consists of the following parts, under the general title Welding and allied processes —
Vocabulary:
— Part 1: General terms [Technical Report]
— Part 3: Welding processes [Technical Report]
— Part 4: Arc welding [Technical Report]
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 2: Safety and health [Technical Report]
Friction welding is to form the subject of a future part 5.
Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to
the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 7 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies
can be found at www.iso.org.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 25901-3:2016(E)
Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary —
Part 3:
Welding processes
1 Scope
This part of ISO/TR 25901 contains terms and definitions for welding processes, classified in accordance
with their physical characteristics and to the relevant energy carrier.
It does not contain terms and definitions related to specific processes or particular aspects of welding
and allied processes that are covered in other parts of this Technical Report (see Foreword) or in other
ISO standards.
In the main body of this part of ISO/TR 25901, terms are arranged in a systematic order. Annex A
provides an index in which all terms are listed alphabetically with reference to the appropriate
subclause. In addition, it provides French translations, covering two of the three official ISO languages
(English, French and Russian). German translations are also provided; these are published under the
responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN) and are given for information only.
NOTE 1 Only the terms given in the official languages (English, French and Russian) are to be considered as
ISO terms and definitions.
NOTE 2 All these terms and definitions are also available on the ISO Online Browsing Platform (OBP): https://
www.iso.org/obp/ui/
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1 Basic terms and definitions
2.1.1
metal welding
operation which unifies metal(s) by means of heat or pressure, or both, in such a way that there is
continuity in the nature of the metal(s) which has (have) been joined
Note 1 to entry: A filler metal, the melting temperature of which is of the same order as that of the parent metal(s),
can be used and the result of welding is the weld.
Note 2 to entry: This definition also includes surfacing.
2.1.2
welding with pressure
welding in which sufficient external force is applied to cause a greater or lesser degree of plastic
deformation of both the faying surfaces, generally without the addition of filler metal
Note 1 to entry: Usually, but not necessarily, the faying surfaces are heated in order to permit or to facilitate
unifying.
2.1.3
fusion welding
welding without application of external force in which the faying surface(s) has (have) to be molten
Note 1 to entry: Usually, but not necessarily, molten filler metal is added.
2.1.4
energy carrier
physical phenomenon which provides the energy required for welding either by transmission to or by
transformation within the workpiece(s)
Note 1 to entry: The following energy carriers with their respective sequential numbers are used in 2.2:
1) solid body;
2) liquid;
3) gas;
4) electrical discharge;
5) radiation;
6) movement of a mass;
7) electric current;
8) unspecified.
Note 2 to entry: When welding using a solid body, a liquid, a gas or an electrical discharge, the heat required
for welding should be applied to the workpiece(s), while when welding by means of a beam of radiant energy,
movement of mass or electric current, the heat (or the mechanical energy in cold welding with pressure) is
generated by energy transformation within the workpiece itself.
For a solid body, liquid and gas, the decisive factor is their enthalpy. Electrical discharge and current passage
are mechanisms guiding the energy of moving charged particles to the welding zone. In the case of an electrical
discharge, this is done by plasma or sparks and in the case of electric current, by resistance heat where the
current is produced by induction or transmitted by conduction.
Radiation is propagation of energy in the sense of dissemination of waves by light or charged particle beams. For
movement of a mass, the characteristic factors are force and displacement in time. Different kinds of movement
are translational motion, rotation and oscillation.
2.2 Terms related to welding processes
2.2.1 Welding with pressure
2.2.1.1 Energy carrier: solid body
2.2.1.1.1
heated element welding
welding with pressure (2.1.2) where the workpieces are heated by the heating tool in the area where the
joint will be made
Note 1 to entry: Heating can be constant or pulsating and the weld is made by the application of force without the
addition of a filler material. The force is applied by either a wedge shaped tool or through a nozzle through which
one of the workpieces is fed.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
2.2.1.1.2
heated wedge welding
heated element welding (2.2.1.1.1) by means of a heated wedge
Note 1 to entry: Heated wedge welding can also be carried out by energy carrier (2.1.4) movement of mass
(ultrasonic welding (2.2.1.6.1)) or as a combination of both.
Note 2 to entry: Heated wedge welding is illustrated in Figure 1.
Key
1 weld 3 power source 5 workpiece
2 workpiece feed 4 wedge-shaped tool
Figure 1 — Heated wedge welding
2.2.1.1.3
heated nozzle welding
heated element welding (2.2.1.1.1) by means of a heated nozzle
Note 1 to entry: Heated nozzle welding can also be carried out by energy carrier (2.1.4) movement of mass
(ultrasonic welding (2.2.1.6.1)) or as a combination of both.
Note 2 to entry: Heated nozzle welding is illustrated in Figure 2.
Key
1 workpiece 3 nozzle
2 power source 4 weld
Figure 2 — Heated nozzle welding
2.2.1.1.4
nail head welding
heated nozzle welding (2.2.1.1.3) in which the end of one or two wires which has been fed through the
nozzle and heated by a flame or electric discharge, forms a small globule, which under the effect of the
applied force is flattened into the shape of a nail head
Note 1 to entry: Nail head welding can also be carried out by energy carrier (2.1.4) movement of mass (ultrasonic
welding (2.2.1.6.1)) or as a combination of both.
Note 2 to entry: Nail head welding is illustrated in Figure 3.
Key
1 flame 3 power source 5 workpiece
2 molten metal globule 4 nozzle 6 weld
Figure 3 — Nail head welding
2.2.1.2 Energy carrier: liquid
2.2.1.2.1
flow welding with pressure
welding with pressure (2.1.2) where the joint assembly is in a mould and molten metal is poured over the
surfaces to be welded until the joint is made
Note 1 to entry: The molten metal is often produced by an aluminothermic reaction (see 2.2.2.2.2).
Note 2 to entry: Flow welding with pressure is illustrated in Figure 4.
Key
1 mould 3 weld 5 molten metal
2 workpiece 4 workpiece
Figure 4 — Flow welding with pressure
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
2.2.1.3 Energy carrier: gas
2.2.1.3.1
oxyfuel gas pressure welding
welding with pressure (2.1.2) in which the workpieces are heated at the faying surfaces by an oxyfuel
gas flame and the weld is made by applying a force without addition of filler metal
Note 1 to entry: The assembly may be of the open or closed type.
Note 2 to entry: Oxyfuel gas pressure welding is illustrated in Figure 5.
a) Closed assembly b) Opened assembly
Key
1 upset 3 welding blowpipe 5 workpiece
2 weld 4 gas flame
Figure 5 — Oxyfuel gas pressure welding
2.2.1.4 Energy carrier: electric discharge
2.2.1.4.1
magnetically impelled arc welding
DEPRECATED: magnetically impelled arc butt welding
arc welding (2.2.2.4.1) with pressure in which an arc, impelled by a magnetic field, moves along the
joint, heating the faying surfaces which are then brought together by a force and welded
2.2.1.4.2
percussion welding
welding with pressure (2.1.2) employing the heat from an arc produced by a rapid discharge of
electrical energy
Note 1 to entry: Pressure is applied percussively during or immediately following the electrical discharge. It can
be accompanied by additional resistance heating.
Note 2 to entry: This process is mainly used for the welding of studs.
2.2.1.4.3
arc stud welding
arc welding (2.2.2.4.1)with pressure that uses an arc between a metal stud, or similar part, and the
workpiece
Note 1 to entry: Ceramic ferrule, shielding gas or both may be used.
2.2.1.4.4
drawn arc stud welding
drawn arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas
arc stud welding (2.2.1.4.3) where a discharge is ignited by lifting the stud and the weld pools are
shielded by a ceramic ferrule, shielding gas or both
Note 1 to entry: The weld
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 25901-3
First edition
Welding and allied processes —
Vocabulary —
Part 3:
Welding processes
Soudage et techniques connexes — Vocabulaire —
Partie 3: Procédés de soudage
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/TR 25901-3:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO/TR 25901-3:2015(E)
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO/TR 25901-3:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
2.1 Basic terms and definitions . 1
2.2 Terms related to welding processes . 2
2.2.1 Welding with pressure . 2
2.2.2 Fusion welding .26
Annex A (informative) Alphabetical index of English terms with French and
German translations .48
Annex B (informative) Alphabetical index of welding processes related terms defined in
ISO 857-1:1998 that were not included in this part of ISO/TR 25901 .54
Bibliography .55
ISO/TR 25901-3:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee
SC 7, Representation and terms, in collaboration with Commission VI, Terminology, of the International
Institute of Welding (IIW).
This first edition of ISO/TR 25901-3, together with the other parts of ISO/TR 25901, cancels and
replaces ISO 857-1:1998 and ISO/TR 25901:2007, of which it constitutes a revision.
ISO/TR 25901 consists of the following parts, under the general title Welding and allied processes —
Vocabulary:
— Part 1: General terms [Technical Report]
— Part 3: Welding processes [Technical Report]
— Part 4: Arc welding [Technical Report]
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 2: Safety and health [Technical Report]
Friction welding is to form the subject of a future part 5.
Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to
the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 7 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies
can be found at www.iso.org.
iv PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 25901-3:2015(E)
Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary —
Part 3:
Welding processes
1 Scope
This part of ISO/TR 25901 contains terms and definitions for welding processes, classified in accordance
with their physical characteristics and to the relevant energy carrier.
It does not contain terms and definitions related to specific processes or particular aspects of welding
and allied processes that are covered in other parts of this Technical Report (see Foreword) or in other
ISO standards.
In the main body of this part of ISO/TR 25901, terms are arranged in a systematic order. Annex A
provides an index in which all terms are listed alphabetically with reference to the appropriate
subclause. In addition, it provides French translations, covering two of the three official ISO languages
(English, French and Russian). German translations are also provided; these are published under the
responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN) and are given for information only.
NOTE 1 Only the terms given in the official languages (English, French and Russian) are to be considered as
ISO terms and definitions.
NOTE 2 All these terms and definitions are also available on the ISO Online Browsing Platform (OBP): https://
www.iso.org/obp/ui/
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1 Basic terms and definitions
2.1.1
metal welding
operation which unifies metal(s) by means of heat or pressure, or both, in such a way that there is
continuity in the nature of the metal(s) which has (have) been joined
Note 1 to entry: A filler metal, the melting temperature of which is of the same order as that of the parent metal(s),
can be used and the result of welding is the weld.
Note 2 to entry: This definition also includes surfacing.
2.1.2
welding with pressure
welding in which sufficient external force is applied to cause a greater or lesser degree of plastic
deformation of both the faying surfaces, generally without the addition of filler metal
Note 1 to entry: Usually, but not necessarily, the faying surfaces are heated in order to permit or to facilitate unifying.
2.1.3
fusion welding
welding without application of external force in which the faying surface(s) has (have) to be molten
Note 1 to entry: Usually, but not necessarily, molten filler metal is added.
ISO/TR 25901-3:2015(E)
2.1.4
energy carrier
physical phenomenon which provides the energy required for welding either by transmission to or by
transformation within the workpiece(s)
Note 1 to entry: The following energy carriers with their respective sequential numbers are used in 2.2:
1) solid body;
2) liquid;
3) gas;
4) electrical discharge;
5) radiation;
6) movement of a mass;
7) electric current;
8) unspecified.
Note 2 to entry: When welding using a solid body, a liquid, a gas or an electrical discharge, the heat required
for welding should be applied to the workpiece(s), while when welding by means of a beam of radiant energy,
movement of mass or electric current, the heat (or the mechanical energy in cold welding with pressure) is
generated by energy transformation within the workpiece itself.
For a solid body, liquid and gas, the decisive factor is their enthalpy. Electrical discharge and current passage
are mechanisms guiding the energy of moving charged particles to the welding zone. In the case of an electrical
discharge, this is done by plasma or sparks and in the case of electric current, by resistance heat where the
current is produced by induction or transmitted by conduction.
Radiation is propagation of energy in the sense of dissemination of waves by light or charged particle beams. For
movement of a mass, the characteristic factors are force and displacement in time. Different kinds of movement
are translational motion, rotation and oscillation.
2.2 Terms related to welding processes
2.2.1 Welding with pressure
2.2.1.1 Energy carrier: solid body
2.2.1.1.1
heated element welding
welding with pressure where the workpieces are heated by the heating tool in the area where the
joint will be made
Note 1 to entry: Heating can be constant or pulsating and the weld is made by the application of force without the
addition of a filler material. The force is applied by either a wedge shaped tool or through a nozzle through which
one of the workpieces is fed.
2.2.1.1.2
heated wedge welding
heated element welding by means of a heated wedge
Note 1 to entry: Heated wedge welding can also be carried out by energy carrier movement of mass (ultrasonic
welding) or as a combination of both.
Note 2 to entry: Heated wedge welding is illustrated in Figure 1.
2 PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO/TR 25901-3:2015(E)
Key
1 weld
2 workpiece feed
3 power source
4 wedge-shaped tool
5 workpiece
Figure 1 — Heated wedge welding
2.2.1.1.3
heated nozzle welding
heated element welding by means of a heated nozzle
Note 1 to entry: Heated nozzle welding can also be carried out by energy carrier movement of mass (ultrasonic
welding) or as a combination of both.
Note 2 to entry: Heated nozzle welding is illustrated in Figure 2.
Key
1 workpiece
2 power source
3 nozzle
4 weld
Figure 2 — Heated nozzle welding
ISO/TR 25901-3:2015(E)
2.2.1.1.4
nail head welding
heated nozzle welding in which the end of one or two wires which has been fed through the nozzle and
heated by a flame or electric discharge, forms a small globule, which under the effect of the applied
force is flattened into the shape of a nail head
Note 1 to entry: Nail head welding can also be carried out by energy carrier movement of mass (ultrasonic
welding) or as a combination of both.
Note 2 to entry: Nail head welding is illustrated in Figure 3.
Key
1 flame
2 molten metal globule
3 power source
4 nozzle
5 workpiece
6 weld
Figure 3 — Nail head welding
2.2.1.2 Energy carrier: liquid
2.2.1.2.1
flow welding with pressure
welding with pressure where the joint assembly is in a mould and molten metal is poured over the
surfaces to be welded until the joint is made
Note 1 to entry: The molten metal is often produced by an aluminothermic reaction (see 2.2.2.2.2).
Note 2 to entry: Flow welding with pressure is illustrated in Figure 4.
4 PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO/TR 25901-3:2015(E)
Key
1 mould
2 workpiece
3 weld
4 workpiece
5 molten metal
Figure 4 — Flow welding with pressure
2.2.1.3 Energy carrier: gas
2.2.1.3.1
oxyfuel gas pressure welding
welding with pressure in which the workpieces are heated at the faying surfaces by an oxyfuel gas
flame and the weld is made by applying a force without addition of filler metal
Note 1 to entry: The assembly may be of the open or closed type.
Note 2 to entry: Oxyfuel gas pressure welding is illustrated in Figure 5.
a) Closed assembly b) Opened assembly
Key
1 upset
2 weld
3 welding blowpipe
4 gas flame
5 workpiece
Figure 5 — Oxyfuel gas pressure welding
ISO/TR 25901-3:2015(E)
2.2.1.4 Energy carrier: electric discharge
2.2.1.4.1
magnetically impelled arc welding
DEPRECATED: magnetically impelled arc butt welding
arc welding with pressure in which an arc, impelled by a magnetic field, moves along the joint, heating
the faying surfaces which are then brought together by a force and welded
2.2.1.4.2
percussion welding
welding with pressure employing the heat from an arc produced by a rapid discharge of electrical energy
Note 1 to entry: Pressure is applied percussively during or immediately following the electrical discharge. It can
be accompanied by additional resistance heating.
Note 2 to entry: This process is mainly used for the welding of studs.
2.2.1.4.3
arc stud welding
arc welding with pressure that uses an arc between a metal stud, or similar part, and the workpiece
Note 1 to entry: Ceramic ferrule, shielding gas or both may be used.
2.2.1.4.4
drawn arc stud welding
drawn arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas
arc stud welding where a discharge is ignited by lifting the stud and the weld pools are shielded by a
ceramic ferrule, shielding gas or both
Note 1 to entry: The welding time is usually more than 100 ms.
Note 2 to entry: Drawn arc stud welding i
...
RAPPORT ISO/TR
TECHNIQUE 25901-3
Première édition
2016-03-15
Soudage et techniques connexes —
Vocabulaire —
Partie 3:
Procédés de soudage
Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary —
Part 3: Welding processes
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2016
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2016, Publié en Suisse
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à
l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Termes et définitions . 1
2.1 Termes et définitions fondamentaux . 1
2.2 Termes relatifs aux procédés de soudage . 2
2.2.1 Soudage avec pression . 2
2.2.2 Soudage par fusion . .23
Annexe A (informative) Index alphabétique des termes français avec traductions anglaises
et allemandes .40
Annexe B (informative) Index alphabétique des termes relatifs aux procédés de soudage
définis dans l’ISO 857-1:1998 qui n’ont pas été repris dans cette partie de l’ISO/
TR 25901 .47
Bibliographie .48
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www.
iso.org/directives).
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l’élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l’ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la signification des termes et expressions spécifiques de l’ISO liés à
l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de l’ISO aux principes
de l’OMC concernant les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: Avant-propos —
Informations supplémentaires.
Le comité responsable du présent document est l’ISO/TC 44, Soudage et Techniques Connexes, Sous
Comité SC 7, Représentation et terminologie, en collaboration avec la Commission VI, Terminologie, de
l’International Institute of Welding (IIW).
Cette première édition de l’ISO/TR 25901-3, avec les autres parties de l’ISO/TR 25901, annule et
remplace l’ISO 857-1:1998 et l’ISO/TR 25901:2007, dont il constitue une révision.
L’ISO/TR 25901 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Soudage et techniques
connexes — Vocabulaire:
— Part 1: Termes généraux [Rapport Technique]
— Part 3: Procédés de soudage [Rapport Technique]
— Part 4: Soudage à l’arc [Rapport Technique]
Les parties suivantes sont en cours de préparation:
— Part 2: Santé et Sécurité [Rapport Technique]
Le soudage par friction formera le sujet de la future partie 5.
Les demandes d’interprétations officielles d’un quelconque aspect de la présente Norme Internationale
devraient être adressées directement au Secrétariat de l’ISO/TC 44/SC 7 par l’intermédiaire de son
comité membre national. Une liste complète de ces comités peut être trouvée sur www.iso.org.
iv © ISO 2016 – Tous droits réservés
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE ISO/TR 25901-3:2016(F)
Soudage et techniques connexes — Vocabulaire —
Partie 3:
Procédés de soudage
1 Domaine d’application
La présente partie de l’ISO/TR 25901 fournit les termes et définitions applicables aux procédés de
soudage, classés selon leurs caractéristiques physiques et le porteur d’énergie correspondant.
Elle ne fournit pas les termes et définitions relatifs à des procédés spécifiques ou à des aspects
particuliers du soudage et des techniques connexes qui sont couverts par d’autres parties du présent
Rapport Technique (voir Avant-propos) ou par d’autres normes ISO.
Dans la section principale de cette partie de l’ISO/TR 25901, les termes sont classés selon un ordre
systématique. L’Annexe A fournit un index alphabétique dans lequel les termes sont énumérés avec un
renvoi aux paragraphes appropriés. Elle fournit en outre la traduction des termes en langue anglaise,
couvrant ainsi deux des trois langues officielles de l’ISO (anglais, français et russe). Des traductions
en langue allemande sont également fournies; celles-ci sont publiées sous la responsabilité du comité
membre de l’Allemagne (DIN), et sont données uniquement pour information.
NOTE 1 Seuls les termes et définitions dans les langues officielles peuvent être considérés comme étant des
termes et définitions de l’ISO.
NOTE 2 Tous ces termes et définitions sont également disponibles sur la plateforme de consultation en ligne
(OBP) de l’ISO: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
2 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s’appliquent.
2.1 Termes et définitions fondamentaux
2.1.1
soudage des métaux
opération consistant à unir des métaux par chauffage, pression ou combinaison des deux, de manière à
assurer la continuité métallique du (des) métaux assemblé(s)
Note 1 à l’article: Le soudage peut se faire avec ou sans utilisation d’un métal d’apport dont la température de
fusion est du même ordre de grandeur que celle du ou des métaux de base. Le résultat du soudage est la soudure.
Note 2 à l’article: Cette définition s’applique également au rechargement.
2.1.2
soudage avec pression
opération de soudage au cours de laquelle un effort extérieur suffisant est appliqué pour provoquer une
déformation plastique plus ou moins importante des deux faces à souder, généralement réalisée sans
ajout de métal d’apport
Note 1 à l’article: Les faces à souder sont généralement, mais pas obligatoirement, chauffées afin de permettre ou
de faciliter la liaison.
2.1.3
soudage par fusion
opération de soudage sans application d’effort extérieur, au cours de laquelle la (les) face(s) à souder
doit (doivent) être fondue(s)
Note 1 à l’article: un métal d’apport fondu est généralement utilisé, mais pas obligatoirement.
2.1.4
porteur d’énergie
phénomène physique fournissant l’énergie nécessaire au soudage, soit par transmission, soit par
transformation à l’intérieur de la (des) pièce(s)
Note 1 à l’article: Les porteurs d’énergie suivants, avec leur numéro d’ordre respectif, sont utilisés au 2.2:
1) corps solide;
2) liquide;
3) gaz;
4) décharge électrique;
5) rayonnement;
6) mouvement d’une masse;
7) courant électrique;
8) non spécifié.
Note 2 à l’article: Lors du soudage utilisant comme porteur d’énergie un corps solide, un liquide, un gaz ou une
décharge électrique, il convient d’appliquer la chaleur nécessaire au soudage à la pièce (aux pièces), alors que lors
du soudage avec faisceau d’énergie de rayonnement, mouvement d’une masse ou courant électrique, la chaleur
(ou l’énergie mécanique dans le cas du soudage à froid avec pression) est produite par transformation de l’énergie
dans la pièce elle-même.
Pour un corps solide, un liquide et un gaz, le facteur déterminant est l’enthalpie. La décharge électrique
et le passage de courant sont des mécanismes qui guident l’énergie des particules chargées vers la zone
de soudage. Dans le cas d’une décharge électrique, ceci est réalisé par le plasma ou les étincelles; dans
le cas du courant électrique, c’est par effet Joule, et le courant est produit par induction ou transmis par
conduction.
Le rayonnement est la transmission d’énergie sous forme d’ondes par propagation d’un faisceau de
lumière ou de particules chargées. Dans le cas du mouvement d’une masse, les facteurs caractéristiques
sont l’effort et le déplacement dans le temps. Les différents types de mouvements sont la translation, la
rotation et l’oscillation.
2.2 Termes relatifs aux procédés de soudage
2.2.1 Soudage avec pression
2.2.1.1 Porteur d’énergie: corps solide
2.2.1.1.1
soudage par élément chauffant
soudage avec pression (2.1.2) au cours duquel les pièces sont chauffées par l’outil chauffant dans la zone
où l’assemblage est à réaliser
Note 1 à l’article: Le chauffage peut être continu ou pulsé et la soudure est obtenue par l’application d’un effort,
sans apport de métal. L’effort est appliqué soit par un outil en forme de coin soit par l’intermédiaire d’une buse
permettant l’alimentation de l’une des pièces à souder.
2 © ISO 2016 – Tous droits réservés
2.2.1.1.2
soudage par coin chauffant
soudage par élément chauffant (2.2.1.1.1) ayant la forme d’un coin
Note 1 à l’article: Le soudage par coin chauffant peut également être mis en œuvre avec, pour porteur d’énergie,
le mouvement d’une masse (soudage par ultrasons (2.2.1.6.1)) ou une combinaison des deux porteurs d’énergie.
Note 2 à l’article: Le soudage par coin chauffant est illustré à la Figure 1.
Légende
1 soudure 4 coin chauffant
2 alimentation de la pièce 5 pièce
3 source de courant
Figure 1 — Soudage par coin chauffant
2.2.1.1.3
soudage avec buse chauffante
soudage par élément chauffant (2.2.1.1.1) au moyen d’une buse chauffante
Note 1 à l’article: Le soudage avec buse chauffante peut également être mis en œuvre avec, pour porteur d’énergie
(2.1.4) , le mouvement d’une masse (soudage par ultrasons (2.2.1.6.1)) ou une combinaison des deux porteurs
d’énergie.
Note 2 à l’article: Le soudage avec buse chauffante est illustré à la Figure 2.
Légende
1 pièce 3 buse
2 source de courant 4 soudure
Figure 2 — Soudage avec buse chauffante
2.2.1.1.4
soudage en tête de clou
soudage avec buse chauffante (2.2.1.1.3) au cours duquel l’extrémité d’un ou de deux fils traversant la
buse est chauffée par une flamme ou une décharge électrique et forme une gouttelette qui, sous l’action
de l’effort appliqué, s’aplatit en prenant la forme d’une tête de clou
Note 1 à l’article: Le soudage en tête de clou peut également être mis en œuvre avec, pour porteur d’énergie (2.1.4),
le mouvement d’une masse (soudage par ultrasons (2.2.1.6.1)) ou une combinaison des deux porteurs d’énergie.
Note 2 à l’article: Le soudage en tête de clou est illustré à la Figure 3.
Légende
1 flamme 4 buse
2 goutte de métal fondu 5 pièce
3 source de courant 6 soudure
Figure 3 — Soudage en tête de clou
2.2.1.2 Porteur d’énergie: liquide
2.2.1.2.1
soudage à la poche avec pression
soudage avec pression (2.1.2) au cours duquel l’assemblage est dans un moule et le métal d’apport en
fusion coulé sur les faces à souder jusqu’à ce que la soudure soit réalisée
Note 1 à l’article: Le métal en fusion est souvent produit par réaction aluminothermique (Voir 2.2.2.2.2).
Note 2 à l’article: Le soudage à la poche avec pression est illustré à la Figure 4.
4 © ISO 2016 – Tous droits réservés
Légende
1 moule 4 pièce
2 pièce 5 métal en fusion
3 soudure
Figure 4 — Soudage à la poche avec pression
2.2.1.3 Porteur d’énergie: gaz
2.2.1.3.1
soudage aux gaz avec pression
soudage avec pression (2.1.2)
...
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