ISO 22868:2021

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22868
Third edition
2021-01
Forestry and gardening machinery —
Noise test code for portable hand-
held machines with internal
combustion engine — Engineering
method (Grade 2 accuracy)
Machines forestières et machines de jardin — Code d'essai
acoustique pour machines portatives tenues à la main à moteur à
combustion interne — Méthode d'expertise (classe de précision 2)
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Quantities to be measured and quantities to be determined . 2
5 A-weighted sound power level determination . 2
6 A-weighted emission sound pressure level measurement at the operator position .4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Requirements for artificial surface . 4
6.3 Requirements for natural ground surface . 5
7 Testing and operating conditions . 5
8 Information to be reported . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 A-weighted emission sound pressure level determination . 7
8.3 A-weighted surface average sound pressure level determination . 7
8.4 A-weighted sound power level determination . 8
9 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 9
Annex A (normative) Specific conditions for chain-saws (see Clause 7) .10
Annex B (normative) Specific conditions for brush-cutters, grass-trimmers and edgers
(see Clause 7) .14
Annex C (normative) Specific conditions for pole-mounted powered pruners (see Clause 7).20
Annex D (normative) Specific conditions for hedge-trimmers (see Clause 7) .24
Annex E (normative) Specific conditions for garden blowers/vacuums/knapsack mist
blowers (see Clause 7) .28
Annex F (informative) Example of water brake mounted on chain-saw guide bar to simulate
cutting .35
Annex G (informative) Summary of results from round robin tests 2007 and 2008 on single
chain-saw, brush-cutter and grass-trimmer .36
Annex H (informative) A-weighted sound power level determination and declaration
according to the EU Directive on noise emission in the environment by equipment
for use outdoors, 2000/14/EC .37
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture
and forestry, Subcommittee SC 17, Manually portable forest machinery, in collaboration with the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 144, Tractors and machinery for
agriculture and forestry, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 22868:2011), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— inclusion of edgers and knapsack mist blowers in the scope;
— correction of the calculation of microphone positions for the hemisphere (Figure 1) according to
ISO 3744:2010;
— alignment of the operation conditions for the determination of the sound power level with those for
the determination of the emission sound pressure level;
— lateral width of the test timber for chain-saw testing reduced to 150 mm to account for small
machines with short guide bars;
— inclusion of edgers in the specific conditions described in Annex B;
— amendments in Annex E to include knapsack mist blowers and better describe the set-up of the
machines with different blower tubes;
— editorial corrections and update of all figures as well as addition of new figures for edgers and mist
blowers;
— several text changes have been made for better understanding.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance, etc.)
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the
other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this
type-C standard.
During the first steps in the preparation of this document, it became obvious that the repeatability
of the test results could become better if the operator were to be replaced by a simulation process,
representing the normal operating modes with chain-saws and grass-trimmers/brush-cutters.
Furthermore, it was found that the cutting process performed with chain-saws causes considerable
deviations, which are not related to the measured object but to the test procedure itself.
Based on these observations, it was concluded that the operators in both test procedures, i.e. for chain-
saws and grass-trimmers/brush-cutters, ought to be replaced by a defined fixture and the cutting
process with chain-saws by a brake simulating the load. In this manner, the operating conditions during
measurement would simulate normal operating conditions.
The determination of noise emission characteristics is primarily intended for
— the manufacturers' declarations of noise emitted,
— comparing the noise emitted by machines in the family concerned, and
— purposes of noise control at source at the design stage.
The use of this noise test code will ensure reproducibility of the determination of the noise emission
characteristics within specified limits determined by the grade of accuracy of the basic noise
measurement method used. Noise measurement methods allowed by this document give results with
Grade 2 accuracy.
The operating modes specified for the tests are consistent with those involved in the assessment of the
exposure sound pressure levels, for example, over a typical working day.
NOTE Exposure sound pressure levels are the mean sound pressure levels experienced by the operator over
a defined period of time.
The work cycles chosen for this test code are based on the following considerations of application:
a) chain-saws with an engine of < 80 cm are used for various operations, including felling, bucking
and delimbing;
b) chain-saws with an engine of ≥ 80 cm are normally used for felling and bucking.
Delimbing will cause the chain-saw to run at racing speed; therefore, racing is included only for chain-
saws with a < 80 cm engine.
For brush-cutters, grass-trimmers, edgers, hedge-trimmers and pole-mounted powered pruners, the
cutting mode (full load) is estimated to be valid only for short periods, while racing and idling are the
two dominant modes. Moreover, it has also been found to be diverse and not able to be performed under
repeatable conditions.
For grass-trimmers, the full load and the racing modes are integrated in one single mode due to the
loading effect of the flexible line.
For brush-cutters, edgers, hedge-trimmers and pole-mounted powered pruners, it is not possible to
simulate the full load mode in a feasible way since there are no constant load conditions comparable
to chain-saws. Since the operating mode “racing” is anyhow the worst case, it is used as representative.
For garden blowers and knapsack mist blowers, full load and idling are the two dominant modes.
In either case, transport and other tasks between operations will cause the machine to run at idling.
Experience has led to the conclusion that, except for hedge
...