ISO 10054:1998

INTERNATIONAL IS0
STANDARD 10054
First edition
1998-09-01
Internal combustion compression-ignition
engines - Measurement apparatus for
smoke from engines operating under
steady-state conditions - Filter-type
smokemeter
Moteurs ;i combustion interne 5 allumage par compression - Appareillage
de mesure de la fumke des moteurs dans /es conditions stabiliskes -
Fumimktres 21 filtre
Reference number
IS0 10054: 1998(E)
IS0 10054: 1998(E)
Contents Page
.............................................................................................. 1
1 Scope
.....................................................................
2 Normative references
......................................................................................... 2
3 Definition
.......................................................................................... 2
4 Symbols
............................................................. 2
5 Measurement principle
............................... 2
6 Characteristics of filter-type smokemeters
..............................................................
6.1 Reference conditions
............................................................
6.2 General specifications
............................................................................. 5
6.3 Parameters
..................................
7 Information required from manufacturer
.......................
8 Operating conditions of filter-type smokemeter
....................................
8.1 Installation of filter-type smokemeter
................................................................ 7
8.2 Sampling procedure
........ 7
9 Maintenance of filter-type smokemeter functional ability
....................
10 Verification of types of filter-type smokemeters
.......................................................... 7
10.1 Applicable procedures
........ 8
IO.2 Instrumentation and checking facilities for verification
....................................................... 8
10.3 Checking for verification
................... 9
10.4 Measurements and calculations for verification
0 IS0 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 l CH-121 1 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Internet iso @ iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii
@ IS0 IS0 10054:1998(E)
......................................
Cleanliness of gas in dead volume
10.5
..........................................
10.6 Temperature at end of sampling
....................................................
10.7 Representative sampling
........................................
10.8 Uniform blackening of filter area
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.9 Reflectometer characteristics
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.10 Filter characteristics
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.11 Calibration screen
...................................
10.12 Accuracy of reflectometer system
...........................................................
10.13 Statistical methods
Annexes
A Equipment for checking leakage and actual suction volume of
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
filter-type smokemeter
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.1 General description
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
A.2 Specification of equipment necessary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.3 Preparatory steps
A.4 Test procedure for checking leak-tightness and actual suction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
volume
. . . . . . . .
A.5 Test procedure for checking nominal suction volume
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B Bibliography
. . .
III
IS0 10054:1998(E)
@ IS0
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be re-
presented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(I EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard IS0 10054 was prepared jointly by Technical Com-
mittees lSO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Engine tests and
ISO/TC 70, internal combustion engines, Subcommittee SC 5, Special
requirements.
Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. Annex B is
for information only.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 IS0 IS0 10054: 1998(E)
Internal combustion compression-ignition engines -
Measurement apparatus for smoke from engines operating under
steady-state conditions - Filter-type smokemeter
IS0 2602:1980, Statistical interpretation of test re-
1 Scope
sults - Estimation of the mean - Confidence
in ten/al.
This International Standard specifies the character-
istics required for apparatus to measure the soot
IS0 2758:---J), Paper - Determination of bursting
content from the exhaust gas of reciprocating internal
strength.
combustion compression-ignition (diesel) engines op-
erating under steady-state conditions according to the
lSO/ClE 10526:1991, Cl E standard colorime tric
method of blackening a filter. These measuring appa-
illuminan ts.
ratus are called “Filter-Type Smokemeters ”.
IEC 584-l :I 995, Thermocouples - Part 1: Reference
This International Standard does not deal with appa-
tables.
ratus for measurement under transient conditions; if
filter-type smokemeters are used under transient
IEC 584-2: 1982, Thermocouples - Part 2: Toler-
conditions, the results of different types of instru-
ances
ments cannot be compared unless sampling condi-
tions are identical.
Cl E 38: 1977, Radiometric and photometric character-
istics of materials and their measurement.
This International Standard does not apply to engines
for aircraft.
CIE 64:1984, Determination of the spectral
responsitivity of optical radiation detectors.
Cl E 69: 1987, Methods of characterizing i/luminance
2 Normative references
meters and luminance meters: performance, charac-
teris tics and specifications.
The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
ANSI/ASTM D2156, Method of test for smoke density
of this International Standard. At the time of publica-
in the flue gases from distillate fuels.
tion, the editions indicated were valid. All standards
are subject to revision, and parties to agreements
DIN 5036-I : 1978, Radiometric and photometric prop-
based on this International Standard are encouraged
erties of materials; definitions characteristics.
to investigate the possibility of applying the most re-
cent editions of the standards indicated below. DIN 5036-3: 1979, Radiometric and photometric prop-
Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of cur- erties of materials; methods of measurement for
rently valid International Standards. photometric and spectral radiometric characteristics.
IS0 534:1988, Paper and board - Determination of J IS D 8004: 1986, Reflection type smokemeters for
thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet automobi/e diesel engine (an English translation exists
density. of the 1971 edition).
I) To be published. (Revision of IS0 2758:1983)
@ IS0
IS0 10054:1998(E)
blackeninq of the filter is caused by the soot con-
3 Definition
tained in ‘a gas column of a certain length. The
blackeninq of the filter is evaluated by ca ’lculation
For the purposes of this International Standard, the
from the ‘optical reflectance of the blackened filter
following definition applies.
relative to a clean filter.
3.1 saot: All components contained in the exhaust
The degree of blackening is expressed as the filter
gas which blacken the filter.
smoke number (FSN) and is calculated according to
the formula yiven in 6.3.2 .
L
The filter-type smokerneter does not measure white
4 Symbols
or blue smoke.
The following symbols are used in this International
If water is injected into the exhaust system, then
Standard.
measurement or sampling can only be made up-
stream of the point of water injection.
A is the effective filter area (see 6.2.1.3,
F
6.3.3 and 10.4.4)
A is the cross-section of the sampling sys- 6 Characteristics of filter-type
S
tem at any point (see 6.2.4)
smokemeters
FSN is the filter smoke number (see 6.3.2)
6.1 Reference conditions
i is the index of identification of single
areas (see 10.8)
For practical engine testiny, it is convenient to use
a reference pr&sure of ;;mbienl: and a reference
I is the effective filtered column length, i.e.
‘F
temperature of 298 K. (25 “‘C), This is because in
the lenqth of the exhaust gas column
current practice filter-type smokemeters measure
passingLthrough the filter (see 6.3.4)
at approximately ambient pressure and the effects
,
I< is the reflect.ometer value of the black-
of ambient conditions on the performance of an en-
b
ened filter (visual) (see 6.3.1 and 6.3.2)
gine in producinq smoke and the effects of the am-
t
bient conditior&on the reaclinq of the smokerneter
R is the reflectorneter value of the clean
C
are not separated. Such se(,aration would also in-
filter (visual) (see 6.3.1 )
to meter readings when
volve large corrections
measurements are made at altitude, and the cor-
is the relative reflectometer value of the
rection method for lhis is at present not firmly es-
blackened filter (see 6.3.1 and 6.3.2)
tablished.
is the relative reflectometer value of part
However, if absolute comparison of two exhaust
i of the blackened filter (see 10.8)
gases is required (iqnoriny any effects of conditions
on engine performa&e), &en a reference pressure
t is the suction time (see 6.2.4 and 10.4)
of 100 kPa and a reference temperature of 298 I<
-
is the mean gas velocity (see 6.2.4)
V
shall be used.
v is the dead volume of the sampling sys-
D
NOTE 1 At the reference conditions for engine per-
tem (see 6.2.1.2 , 6.3.4 and 10.4.2)
formc7nce in IS0 1585 nnd IS0 3046-l (enqine air inlet
pressure of 100 kPa), tlw ;hs;oIute (7nc-l the [&xtical units
is the effective suction volume (see
r/E coincide.
6.3.4)
The reference Ienqlh of the exhaust qas column
I, is the leak volume (see 6.2.5, 6.3.4 and
L
shall be 405 mm (fir definition of the effictive length
.
A 4)
of the exhaust gas c&~mn for a given apparatus,
see 6.3.4).
v is the nominal suction volume (see 6.2.4,
N
6.3.3 and 6.3.4 and 10.4.1)
6.2 General specifications
5 Measurement principle Deviations from the following specifications are al-
lowed providing either equi;alence can be proved
. . I
or car rections provided. Claims for such corrections
Fol smoke measurement with a filler-type
smokemeter, a certain amount of exhaust gas is shall be validated in the verification including an
taken from the exhaust pipe through a sampling pipe assurance Ihat their validity can be maintained in
service.
and drawn through a filter with a certain area. Thus
@ IS0 IS0 10054:1998(E)
6.2.1 Probe and sampling system
6.2.3 Blackened filter evaluation
The reflectometer value (according to CIE 38 or
6.2.1 .I Probe design
DIN 5036-I) shall be determined over a represent-
ative area of the effective fitter area, such that the
The probe design shalt be such that value measured is within + 0.05 FSN plus 3 % of the
average of the central 80% of the effective fitter
it takes a representative sample of the exhaust area.
gas (at about the centre of the cross-section of
the exhaust system at the probe entrance; see
6.2.4 Sampling system flow
8.1.1) with a minimum increase of back pressure;
In order to avoid undue deposition of soot, the mean
there is no net flow of exhaust gas into the probe
gas velocity duripg sampling at any point of the
opening(s) except when sampling;
sampling system upstream of the filter shall not be
less tha; 0,l m/s when the fitter is clean.
the inner diameter within the whole length of the
The mean gas velocity at any point is determined
sampling system upstrearn of the filter is not
with the eq;ation:
smaller than :? mm.
-.- I/N
I/ =-: ------I_
A, x f
6.2.1.2 Dead volume, I/, .z
The suction time, I, for apparatus with piston pumps
The dead volume is the total volume from the probe
is the time from the first movement of the piston until
entrance to the filter surface; it shall not exceed
the pressure in the sampling chamber has returned
15 % of the nominal suction volume for the normal
to within -t 1 kPa (10 mbar) bf the mean static pres-
--.
probe and sampling tines.
.
sure at the inlet of the probe when sampling smoke
of between 3 FSN and 4 FSN. If the pressure returns
Where alternative probes and/or sampling lines are
to within --I- 1 kPa of this pressure before the end of
provided by the manufacturer (e.g. for large-engine
the stroke, then the suction time shall be taken as
application), the dead volume ma; exceed 15 % but
the time of tnovement of the piston.
shall not exceed 40 %; and the manufacturer shall
provide data for correcting measured values to the
The suct.ion time. I, for apparatus with pumps having
...