ISO/TS 10818:2023

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 10818
First edition
2023-08
Nanotechnologies — Textiles
containing nanomaterials and
nanostructures — Superhydrophobic
characteristics and durability
assessment
Nanotechnologies — Textiles contenant des nanomatériaux et
des nanostructures — Caractéristiques superhydrophobiques et
évaluation de la durabilité
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 3
4 Mandatory and recommended measurement characteristics and their
measurement methods . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Ageing for superhydrophobic durability assessment . 4
4.2.1 General . 4
4.2.2 Washing and dry cleaning . 4
4.2.3 Ironing . 4
4.2.4 Mechanical abrasion . 4
4.2.5 Light exposure . 5
4.3 Nanomaterial and nanostructure evaluation . 5
4.3.1 General . 5
4.3.2 Size and size distribution . 5
4.3.3 Nano-roughness (recommended characteristics) . 6
4.3.4 Morphology . 6
4.3.5 Chemical composition . . 7
4.4 Superhydrophobicity . 8
4.4.1 General . 8
4.4.2 Contact angle . 9
4.4.3 Dynamic contact angle . 9
4.5 Superhydrophobic durability assessment . 9
4.5.1 General . 9
4.5.2 Grade of superhydrophobic durability . 9
4.5.3 Index of durability performance . 11
5 Reporting .12
5.1 General .12
5.1.1 Introduction . 12
5.1.2 General information .12
5.1.3 Measurement results .12
5.2 Table format example for reporting . 13
Annex A (informative) Safety, health and environmental issues .14
Annex B (informative) Superhydrophobicity .16
Bibliography .17
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Recently superhydrophobic textiles (woven and nonwoven) have gained significant scientific
and industrial interest for its potential applications in outdoor wear and protective clothing. The
superhydrophobic textile surfaces refer to superior water repellency with a water contact angle
exceeding 150° and low contact angle hysteresis of less than 10° (see Annex A). For this superhydrophobic
textile, dirt and soils are loosely attached, and a rolling water drop can easily attach and remove them
from the surface, giving self-cleaning properties. According to Young’s, Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter
Models superhydrophobicity of textile surface can be made by both the surface treatment with very
low surface free energy materials and making nano-roughness (see Annex B).
Nanotechnology is employed to artificially change the surface free energy and/or cause nano- roughness
on the surface. The following methods are normally utilized in this respect:
— using nano-objects such as silica, TiO , CNT, ZnO, etc., in various ways;
— surface etching, i.e. nano roughening (UV-laser or plasma), followed by grafting or physically/
chemically attaching compounds with low surface energy;
— using nanofibres.
The establishment of superhydrophobic relies on
a) superhydrophobic (non-polar) surface chemistry, and
b) nanostructured surface texture (nano-roughness).
One of the most important obstacles affecting the market growth of textiles containing nanomaterials
and nanostructures (TCNNs) showing superhydrophobic response is their relevant durability under
different utilization and working conditions. This includes, laundering (washing), ironing, mechanical
abrasion (rubbing) and light radiation exposure. If superhydrophobic properties are not durable, the
TCNNs are useless in long term applications. Therefore, durability of superhydrophobic TCNNs over
repeated use and wash are necessary.
In this regard, the durability and persistence of superhydrophobic behaviour of TCNNs needs to be
assessed under above mentioned condition based on standard methods. Generally, from the consumer’s
perspective, the superhydrophobic durability of TCNNs is very important. However, there is no specific
measurement method to evaluate the superhydrophobic durability. In fact, there is a lack of grading
procedure for this characteristic.
This document both specifies the characteristics, performance and durability of the TCNNs subjected to
laundry (washing), ironing, mechanical abrasion (rubbing) and light exposure. The superhydrophobic
durability of such textiles are assessed and reported based on contact angle and hysteresis measurement
of the samples before and after subjected to mentioned conditions. In fact, a specific grading method is
established in this document. Further, this document also recommends relevant measurement methods
to promote communication and mutual understanding of TCNNs for superhydrophobic application
between buyers and sellers.
This document supports less water consumption and less waste water production. In addition,
this document supports responsible production in terms of superhydrophobic durability of textile.
Furthermore, this document can provide a potential for the economic growth for small and medium
size enterprises. These items conform with several Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) defined by
United Nations.
v
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 10818:2023(E)
Nanotechnologies — Textiles containing nanomaterials
and nanostructures — Superhydrophobic characteristics
and durability assessment
1 Scope
This document specifies the characteristics and performance(s) of the superhydrophobic textiles
containing nanomaterials and nanostructures (TCNNs) based on conta
...