ISO/TR 9241-311:2022

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 9241-311
First edition
2022-04
Ergonomics of human-system
interaction —
Part 311:
Application of ISO 9241-307: LCD
screens for workstations
Reference number
© ISO 2022
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification, profiles and screen selection . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Profiles . 8
4.2.1 General . 8
4.2.2 Profile No. 1 . 9
4.2.3 Profile No. 2 . 9
4.2.4 Profile No. 3 . 9
4.2.5 Profile No. 4 . 10
4.3 Comparison of the profiles. 10
Bibliography .14
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
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www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4,
Ergonomics of human-system interaction.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 9241-3:1992.
A list of all parts in the ISO 9241 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
1) 1) 1) 1)
The ISO 9241-30x family of standards has replaced ISO 9241-3 , ISO 9241-7 , ISO 9241-8 , ISO 13406-1
1)
and ISO 13406-2 . The overall goal of the restructuring was to design a modular standard enabling an
easy way of adding new intended contexts of use, new measurement methods or new technologies in
the ISO 9241-30x family of standards.
The ISO 9241-30x family of standards consists of seven individual standards. Table 1 gives an overview
(for details see the standards themselves).
This document refers to ISO 9241-307. It helps explain the transition from the earlier structure of the
related standards to the current structure. It will be revised or withdrawn following the revision of
ISO 9241-307.
Table 1 — Overview of the ISO 9241-30x family of standards
Part of ISO 9241-30x Title and explanation
ISO 9241-300 Introduction to electronic visual display requirements
— This part introduces the ISO 9241-30x family of standards and explains the
modular structure.
ISO 9241-302 Terminology for electronic visual displays
— This part explains the terms and definitions used in the series.
ISO 9241-303 Requirements for electronic visual displays
— This part establishes fundamental image-quality requirements on a generic
basis. For assessing its requirements, a testing method is needed regarding its
technology, task and environment.
ISO 9241-304 User performance test methods for electronic visual displays
— This part provides guidance for assessing the visual ergonomics of display
technologies with user performance test methods.
ISO 9241-305 Optical laboratory test methods for electronic visual displays
— This part contains test methods for measurement of the requirements given in
ISO 9241-303.
ISO 9241-306 Field assessment methods for electronic visual displays
— This part describes simplified optical, geometrical and visual assessment
methods that can be used for on-site measurements at visual display
a
workstations.
ISO 9241-307 Analysis and compliance test methods for electronic visual displays
— This part establishes test methods for the analysis of a variety of visual display
technologies, tasks and environments. It refers to the general requirements
given in ISO 9241-303 and test methods given in ISO 9241-305 for assessment of
conformity for different (display-) technologies and the anticipated contexts of
use.
a
ISO test charts for the visual assessment of the display output by yes/no question are available from:
https://standards.iso.org/iso/9241/306/ed-2/index.html
https://standards.iso.org/iso/9241/306/ed-2/AE09/AE09F0PX.PDF (achromatic, 2 MB)
https://standards.iso.org/iso/9241/306/ed-2/AE18/AE18F0PX.PDF (chromatic, 14 MB)
1) Cancelled and replaced by ISO 9241-302, ISO 9241-303, ISO 9241-304, ISO 9241-305, ISO 9241-307
and ISO 9241-311.
v
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 9241-311:2022(E)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction —
Part 311:
Application of ISO 9241-307: LCD screens for workstations
1 Scope
This document provides information relating to the specification of liquid crystal display (LCD) screens
at visual display workstations in indoor locations, in accordance with ISO 9241-307:2008, 5.2. The
information is limited to LCD screens, since these are typically used at workstations.
The information is intended to support managerial decision makers (e.g. procurement operators,
companies’ safety committees, occupational safety and health professionals) who are responsible for
the acquisition of visual displays.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9241-302:2008, Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 302: Terminology for electronic
visual displays
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9241-302 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
artificial information
visualization of objects and scenes that do not have originals in our world in monochrome (including
achromatic) and/or multicolour (including full-colour) presentation
EXAMPLE Text (i.e. alphanumeric characters), graphical signs, symbols.
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 9241-307:2008, Table 38.
3.2
reality information
imaging of objects and scenes that do have existing originals in our world in monochrome (including
achromatic) and/or multicolour (including full-colour) presentation
EXAMPLE Faces, people, landscapes.
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 9241-307:2008, Table 38.
3.3
design viewing direction
specific direction from which the visual display is intended to be viewed
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 9241-307:2008, Table 38.
Note 2 to entry: Reality information is not considered.
3.4
design screen illuminance
specific maximum illuminance on the screen caused by ambient illumination
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 9241-307:2008, Table 38.
3.5
luminance balance
ratio between the luminances of the displayed image and its adjacent surround or sequentially viewed
surfaces
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-302:2008, 3.4.18]
3.6
colour non-uniformity
change of a colour in the active area of the screen
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 9241-303:2011, 5.4.3.
Note 2 to entry: Variation considers lateral and directional changes.
3.7
contrast non-uniformity
unintended variations in contrast (luminance ratio) in the active area of the screen
Note 1 to entry: There are three different forms of contrast non-uniformity:
— variation in area average luminance contrast from the centre of a display to the edge of any portion thereof;
— variation of the peak contrast of character elements (dots or strokes) at different locations of the screen;
— variation of the peak contrast of character elements (dots or strokes) within a character.
Note 2 to entry: See ISO 9241-303:2011, 5.4.4.
3.8
visual artefacts
Moiré effects
regular image superimposed on the intended image
Note 1 to entry: Moiré effects can appear as ripples, waves and intensity variations.
Note 2 to entry: Moiré effects are disturbing information.
Note 3 to entry: See ISO 9241-303:2011, 5.4.9.
3.9
unintended depth effects
perception of depth by combination of spectrally extreme colours
EXAMPLE Combination of red and blue.
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 9241-303:2011, 5.4.12.
3.10
luminance contrast
ratio between the higher luminance, L , and lower luminance, L , that defines the feature to be detected
H L
Note 1 to entry: ISO 9241-303:2011, ISO 9241-305:2008 and ISO 9241-307:2008 use luminance contrast measured
by contrast modulation or measured by contrast ratio.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-302:2008, 3.1.7, modified — Notes to entry replaced.]
3.11
image polarity
relationship between background brightness and image brightness
Note 1 to entry: The presentation of brighter characters on a darker background is designated as negative
polarity, and the presentation of darker characters on a brighter background is designated as positive polarity.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-302:2008, 3.4.15]
3.12
character format
number of horizontal and vertical elements of a character
Note 1 to entry: An element is understood to be a pixel, which is the smallest element that is capable of generating
the full intended functionality (e.g. colour and grey scale) of the display.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-302:2008, 3.6.5, modified — definition revised and notes to entry replaced.]
3.13
luminance coding
information presented by temporally independent differences in image luminances
EXAMPLE Information highlighted by d
...