ISO 11451-2:2015

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11451-2
Fourth edition
2015-06-01
Road vehicles — Vehicle test methods
for electrical disturbances from
narrowband radiated electromagnetic
energy —
Part 2:
Off-vehicle radiation sources
Véhicules routiers — Méthodes d’essai d’un véhicule soumis
à des perturbations électriques par rayonnement d’énergie
électromagnétique en bande étroite —
Partie 2: Sources de rayonnement hors du véhicule
Reference number
©
ISO 2015
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test conditions . 1
5 Test location . 2
6 Test instrumentation . 4
6.1 Field generating device . 4
6.2 Field probes . 5
6.3 Stimulation and monitoring of the device under test (DUT) . 5
7 Test set-up . 5
7.1 Vehicle placement . 6
7.2 Field generating device location (relative to vehicle and shielded enclosure) . 6
7.2.1 Antenna constraints . 6
7.2.2 TLS constraints . 6
7.3 Vehicle test configurations . 6
7.3.1 Vehicle not connected to the power grid . 6
7.3.2 Vehicle in charging mode connected to the power grid . 7
7.3.3 Vehicle in charging mode through wireless power transmission (WPT) .15
8 Test procedure .17
8.1 Test plan .18
8.2 Test method .18
8.2.1 Field calibration .18
8.3 Test report .24
Annex A (informative) Function performance status classification .25
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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electrotechnical standardization.
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described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 32, Electrical
and electronic components and general system aspects.
Annex A of this part of ISO 11451 is for information only.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 11451-2:2005) which has been technically
revised.
ISO 11451 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Vehicle test methods for
electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy:
— Part 1: General principles and terminology
— Part 2: Off-vehicle radiation sources
— Part 3: On-board transmitter simulation
— Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI)
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11451-2:2015(E)
Road vehicles — Vehicle test methods for electrical
disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic
energy —
Part 2:
Off-vehicle radiation sources
1 Scope
This part of ISO 11451 specifies a method for testing the immunity of passenger cars and commercial
vehicles to electrical disturbances from off-vehicle radiation sources, regardless of the vehicle propulsion
system (e.g. spark ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor).
The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to narrowband electromagnetic fields.
While this standard refers specifically to passenger cars and commercial vehicles, generalized as
“vehicle(s)”, it can readily be applied to other types of vehicles.
ISO 11451-1 specifies general test conditions, definitions, practical use, and basic principles of the test
procedure.
Function performance status classification guidelines for immunity to electromagnetic radiation from
an off-vehicle radiation source are given in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11451-1, Road vehicles — Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated
electromagnetic energy — Part 1: General principles and terminology
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11451-1 apply.
4 Test conditions
The applicable frequency range of this test method is 0,01 MHz to 18 000 MHz. Testing over the full
frequency range could require different field-generating devices, but this does not imply that testing of
overlapping frequency ranges is required.
The user shall specify the test severity level or levels over the frequency range. Suggested test severity
levels are given in Annex A of this International Standard.
Standard test conditions are given in ISO 11451-1 for the following:
— test temperature;
— supply voltage;
— modulation;
— dwell time;
— frequency step sizes;
— definition of test severity levels;
— test signal quality.
5 Test location
The test should be performed in an absorber-lined shielded enclosure.
The aim of using an absorber-lined shielded enclosure is to create an indoor electromagnetic compatibility
testing facility that simulates open field testing.
The size, shape, and construction of the enclosure can vary considerably. Typically, the floor is not
covered with absorbing material, but such covering is allowed. Measurements in enclosures with or
without floor absorbers can lead to different results. The minimum size of the shielded enclosure is
determined by the size of the test region needed, the size of the field generation device or devices, the
needed clearances between these and the largest vehicle to be tested, and the characteristics of the
absorbing material. To create the test region, the absorber, field generation system and enclosure shape
are selected such that the amount of extraneous energy in the test region is reduced to below a minimum
value that will give the desired measurement accuracy. The design objective is to reduce the reflected
energy in the test region to −10 dB or less over the test frequency range (not applicable to transmission
line system (TLS) field generation systems). An example of a rectangular shielded enclosure is shown
in Figure 1.
The test may alternatively be performed at an outdoor test site. The test facility shall comply with
(national) legal requirements regarding the emission of electromagnetic fields.
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

a) Side view (vertical polarization)
b) Top view (horizontal polarization)
Key
1 absorber-lined shielded enclosure 4 antenna
2 RF absorber material 5 amplifier room
a
3 vehicle dynamometer on turntable 6 control room
a
Turntable shown rotatable through ±180° with two pairs of variable wheelbase rollers to accommodate all
vehicle sizes and functions.
Figure 1 — Example of absorber-lined shielded enclosure
6 Test instrumentation
Testing consists of generating radiated electromagnetic fields using antenna sets with radio frequency
(RF) sources capable of producing the desired field strength over the range of test frequencies.
The following test instrumentation is used:
— Field generating device(s): e.g. antenna(s);
— Field probe(s);
— RF signal generator with internal or external modulation capability;
— High power amplifier(s);
— Powermeter (or equivalent measuring instrument) to measure forward power and reflected power.
6.1 Field generating device
The field generating device can be an antenna or a TLS.
The construction and orientation of any field generating device shall be such that the generated field
can be polarized in the mode specified in the test plan (see 8.1). An example of a parallel-plate TLS is
shown in Figure 2. Multiple antennas, amplifiers and directional couplers could be necessary to cover
the complete frequency range.
a) Side view
4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

b) Top view
Key
1 shielded enclosure (absorbers permitted) 6 coaxial cable
2 conductive plate or set of wires 7 load
3 non-metallic supports 8 conductive wires
4 shielded enclosure floor 9 signal source feed connection
5 signal source feed line (coaxial cable) 10 turntable (not required for this test)
Figure 2 — Example of parallel-plate TLS
6.2 Field probes
Field probes shall be electrically small in relation to the wavelength and isotropic. The communication
lines from the probes shall be fibre optic links.
6.3 Stimulation and monitoring of the device under test (DUT)
The vehicle shall be operated as requ
...