ISO 23665:2021

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23665
First edition
2021-01
Unmanned aircraft systems —
Training for personnel involved in UAS
operations
Aéronefs sans pilote — Formation du personnel impliqué dans
l'exploitation d'UAS
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Training organization . 3
5.1 Responsibilities . 3
5.2 Documentation for staff members . 3
5.3 Display of certificate . 3
5.4 Records . 3
5.5 Emergency procedures and equipment . 4
5.6 Introductory information . 4
6 Training resources . 4
6.1 Teaching aids . 4
6.2 Instructor requirements . 5
6.3 Theoretical training . 5
6.3.1 Theory knowledge delivery methods . 5
6.3.2 Theory presentations . 5
6.4 Flight training. 5
6.4.1 Training environment. 5
6.4.2 Training aircraft . 5
6.4.3 Simulators . 5
6.4.4 Risk management . 6
7 Training content delivery . 6
8 Final qualification . 6
9 Evaluation protocols . 6
Annex A (normative) VLOS UAS pilot course . 7
Bibliography .35
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 16, Unmanned aircraft systems.
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iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Unmanned aircraft (UA) have been rapidly increased in number, application and type within recent
decades. UA are commonly utilized for filming, agricultural spraying, inspection, security activities and
are expected to be also employed for transportation.
However, the required knowledge, attitude and skill levels for personnel who are involved in unmanned
aircraft system (UAS) operations need to be clearly defined. When unskilled persons operate a UA,
the risk of a serious accident will increase. Discrepancies in qualification criteria among countries or
organizations will also prevent the international exchange of workers and aircraft.
This document helps to ensure that personnel who are involved in UAS operations receive appropriate
education and obtain essential knowledge and skill. Training organizations and individuals qualified
according to this document will be internationally recognized. It will enhance the international
operation of UAS, enable personal exchange, and encourage international trade.
The main body of this document defines the procedures for the operation of a training organization,
which is the entity that delivers training to trainees. The requirements for a specific course (VLOS UAS
remote pilot-in-command) are located in Annex A. It is envisioned that further courses will be defined
later and that these will be added as additional annexes in the future.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23665:2021(E)
Unmanned aircraft systems — Training for personnel
involved in UAS operations
1 Scope
This document describes the procedures for training personnel who will be involved in the operation of
unmanned aircraft systems (UAS).
This document defines:
a) knowledge, skill, attitude and qualification criteria that are needed for UAS pilots and training
organizations that provides training to trainees of UAS remote pilots and other personnel involved
in UAS operations;
b) training curriculum and contents for specific learning courses;
c) qualification and confirmation criteria for the training organizations;
d) general procedures for providing training of UAS personnel. The requirements for a specific course
as described in the annexes can be more restrictive in some cases.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21384-3:2019, Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 3: Operational procedures
ISO 21384-4:2020, Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary
ISO 21895, Categorization and classification of civil unmanned aircraft systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21384-4 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
national aviation authority
government statutory authority in each country that oversees the approval and regulation of civil
aviation
3.2
visual observer
remote crew member who, by visual observation of the remotely piloted aircraft, assists the remote
pilot (3.3) in the safe conduct of the flight
3.3
remote pilot
person charged by the operator with duties essential to the operation of an unmanned aircraft and who
manipulates the flight controls, as appropriate, during flight time
Note 1 to entry: The definition is adapted from Reference [6].
3.4
visual line-of-sight operation
VLOS
operation in which the remote pilot (3.3) or unmanned aircraft observer maintains direct unaided
visual contact with the unmanned aircraft system
Note 1 to entry: The definition is adapted from Reference [5].
4 Abbreviated terms
AGL above ground level
ATC air traffic control
ATS air traffic service
ATZ aerodrome traffic zone
Baro-VNAV barometric-vertical navigation
BVLOS beyond visual line-of-sight
CRM crew resource management
CTR control zone
EVLOS extended visual line-of-sight
FIR flight information region
GNSS global navigation satellite system
GPS global positioning system
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
IFR instrument flight rules
NOTAM notice to airmen
SD card secure digital card
TEM threat and error management
VFR visual flight rules
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

5 Training organization
5.1 Responsibilities
The training organization shall designate each different person who will be responsible for at least each
of the following areas:
a) training and assessment;
b) safety.
5.2 Documentation for staff members
The training organization shall maintain, at least, the following documentation for all staff members
delivering training services:
a) name, address and date of birth;
b) training/qualification, experience; and
c) duties assigned to the individual staff member.
The service provider shall have documentary evidence that all staff members hold relevant and current
qualifications for their duties. Proof of qualifications shall be updated at least every two years and ma
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