ISO/IEC 20547-4:2020

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 20547-4
First edition
2020-09
Information technology — Big data
reference architecture —
Part 4:
Security and privacy
Technologies de l'information — Architecture de référence des
mégadonnées —
Partie 4: Sécurité et confidentialité
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2020
© ISO/IEC 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ii © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 1
5 Overview . 2
5.1 Big data security and privacy concerns . 2
5.2 Security and privacy objectives . 4
6 Security and privacy aspects of BDRA user view . 6
6.1 Governance activities . 6
6.1.1 Purpose . 6
6.1.2 Prepare for and plan BD-S&P governance effort . 7
6.1.3 Monitor, assess and control BD-S&P governance activities . 7
6.1.4 Establish BD-S&P governance objectives . 7
6.1.5 Direct BD-S&P. 8
6.1.6 Monitor and assess compliance with BD-S&P governance directives and
guidance . 9
6.1.7 Review implementation of BD-S&P governance directives and guidance
and prepare for change . 9
6.2 Management activities .10
6.2.1 Purpose .10
6.2.2 Prepare for and plan BD-S&P management effort .10
6.2.3 Monitor, assess and control the architecture management activities .11
6.2.4 Develop BD-S&P management approach .11
6.2.5 Perform management of BD-S&P .12
6.2.6 Monitor BD-S&P effectiveness .12
6.2.7 Update the BD-S&P management plan .13
6.3 Operation activities .14
6.3.1 BD-S&P solution design activities .14
6.3.2 BD-S&P solution evaluation activities .19
6.3.3 BD-S&P solution enablement activities .23
6.4 Security and privacy aspects of big data roles .26
7 Guidance on security and privacy operations for big data .29
7.1 General .29
7.2 Guidance at organization level .30
7.2.1 General.30
7.2.2 Standard guidance on requirements .31
7.2.3 Standard guidance on risk management .32
7.2.4 Standard guidance on controls .32
7.2.5 Standard guidance on lifecycle operations .32
7.3 Guidance at ecosystem level .32
7.3.1 General.32
7.3.2 Guidance on data processing chain .33
7.3.3 Guidance on risk management .34
7.3.4 Guidance on lifecycle operations .35
8 Security and privacy functional components .37
8.1 Overview .37
8.2 Functional components for both security and privacy.37
8.3 Functional components for privacy .38
8.4 Multi-layer functions for security and privacy .39
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved iii

Annex A (informative) Examples of security and privacy threat classification .41
Annex B (informative) Examples of security and privacy control classification .42
Annex C (informative) Examples of ecosystem and resulting coordination of security and
privacy operations .45
Annex D (informative) Examples of security and privacy controls per BDRA roles .52
Bibliography .58
iv © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 27, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 20547 series can be found on the ISO website.
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved v

Introduction
Big data refers to the massive amount of digital information collected in various forms from different
sources of digital and physical environments. This data is not only generated by traditional means
of information exchange, but also from sensors embedded in physical environments, such as city
surroundings, transportation vehicles, critical infrastructures, etc. The collection and processing of big
data provides additional challenges not inherent in the traditional digital information exchange setting.
This document was developed in response to the worldwide demand for a common baseline of security
and privacy aspects for big data architectures to facilitate interoperability in big data systems without
compromising privacy, confidentiality, or integrity.
The big data paradigm blurs the security boundaries between data collection, storage and access —
areas traditionally addressed independently — that now needs to be confronted holistically with a
comprehensive security and privacy foundation, tightly coupled to all architecture components.
Effective standardization of security and privacy is paramount to the development of mutual trust and
cooperation amongst big data stakeholders.
vi © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 20547-4:2020(E)
Information technology — Big data reference
architecture —
Part 4:
Security and privacy
1 Scope
This document specifies the security and privacy aspects applicable to the big data
...