CISPR 11/AMD2/FRAG4

SLOVENSKI SIST-TP IEC/TR3 61000-2-
1:2004
STANDARD
april 2004
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2: Environment - Section 1: Description
of the environment; electromagnetic environment for low-frequency conducted
disturbances and signalling in public power supply systems
ICS 33.100.01 Referenčna številka
©  Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno

RAPPORT CEI
TECHNIQUE IEC
1000-2-1
TECHNICAL
Première édition
REPORT
First edition
1990-05
Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM)
Partie 2:
Environnement
Section 1: Description de l'environnement —
Environnement électromagnétique pour les
perturbations conduites basse fréquence et
la transmission de signaux sur les réseaux
publics d'alimentation
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
Part 2:
Environment
Section 1: Description of the environment —
Electromagnetic environment for low-frequency
conducted disturbances and signalling
in public power supply systems
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1000-2-1 ©IEC
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 5
INTRODUCTION 7
Clause
1 Scope 9
2 Normative references 9
3 Definitions
4 Purpose of specifying electromagnetic compatibility levels
Harmonics
6 Interharmonics
7 Voltage fluctuations
8 rt supply interruptions 31
Voltage dips and sho
9 Voltage unbalance
10 Mains signalling 37
11 Power frequency variation 41
12 D.C. components (Under consideration)
Figures
— 5 —
1000-2-1 © IEC
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)
Part 2: Environment
Section 1: Description of the environment -
Electromagnetic environment for low-frequency
conducted disturbances and signalling in public
power supply systems
FOREWORD
The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on
1)
which all the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as
possible, an international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.
They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National
2)
Committees in that sense.
3) In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees
should adopt the text of the IEC recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will
permit. Any divergence between the IEC recommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as
far as possible, be clearly indicated in the latter.
This section of IEC 1000-2, which has the status of a technical report, has been prepared
by IEC Technical Committee No. 77: Electromagnetic compatibility between electrical
equipment including networks.
The text of this section is based on the following documents:
Two Months' Procedure Report on Voting
Six Months' Rule Report on Voting
77(CO)34
77(CO)26 77(CO)30 77(00)32
Full information on the voting for the approval of this section can be found in the Voting
Reports indicated in the above table.

1000-2-1 © IEC - 7 -
INTRODUCTION
IEC 1000 is published in separate pa rts according to the following structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description of the environment
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits (in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of the product
committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part
5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part
is further subdivided into sections which can be published either as International
Standards or Technical reports.
These standards and reports will be published in chronological order and numbered
accordingly.
This section is a Technical Report serving as a reference document for those associated
parts of IEC 1000 that give values of compatibility level, for example IEC 1000-2-2.

1000-2-1 © IEC -9 -
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)
Part 2: Environment
Section 1: Description Of the environment -
Electromagnetic environment for low-frequency
conducted disturbances and signalling in public
power supply systems
1 Scope
This section of IEC 1000-2 is concerned with conducted disturbances in the frequency
range up to 10 kHz with an extension for mains signalling systems. Separate sections give
numerical compatibility levels for different system voltage levels.
This section does not deal with the application of compatibility levels to assess, for
example, the permissible interference emission from specific items of equipment or
installations, because other system parameters, such as its impedance as a function of
frequency, have also to be considered. Furthermore, it does not prejudge the specification
of immunity levels by the product committees but merely provides a guide.
The disturbance phenomena considered are:
harmonics;
inter-harmonics;
voltage fluctuations;
voltage dips and short supply interruptions;
voltage unbalance;
mains signalling;
power frequency variation;
d.c. components.
The object of this section is to give information on the various types of disturbances that
can be expected on public power supply systems. It is a reference document for those
associated parts that give values of compatibility level.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this section of IEC 1000-2. At the time of publication, the editions indicated
were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this
section of IEC 1000-2 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most
recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid international standards.

1000-2-1 ©IEC - 11 -
IEC 38: 1983,
IEC standard voltages.
IEC 50(161): 1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV), Chapter 161:
Electromagnetic Compatibility. (Under consideration.)
IEC 146: 1985, Semiconductor convertors. Second impression 1985 incorporating:
Supplement 146A (1974) and Amendment No. 1 (1975).
IEC 555-3: 1982, Disturbances in supply systems caused by household appliances and
similar electrical equipment. Part 3: Voltage fluctuations.
IEC 868: 1986, Flickermeter. Functional and design specifications.
IEC 1000-2-2: 1990, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Pa rt 2: Environment. Section 2:
Compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signalling in public
low-voltage power supply systems.
3 Definitions
The definitions are taken from IEC 50(161): International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV), Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility.
The relevant basic definitions are:
3.1 Electromagnetic compatibility; EMC (abbreviation) (IEV 161-01-07)
The ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic
environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in
that environment.
3.2 (Electromagnetic) compatibility level (IEV 161-03-10)
The specified maximum electromagnetic disturbance level expected to be impressed on a
device, equipment or system operated in particular conditions.
NOTE - In practice the electromagnetic compatibility level is not an absolute maximum level, but may be
exceeded with a small probability.
3.3 Electromagnetic disturbance (IEV 161-01-05)
Any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the pe rformance of a device,
equipment or system, or adversely affect living or inert matter.
NOTE - An electromagnetic disturbance may be an electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a
change in the propagation medium itself.
3.4 Disturbance level (not defined in IEV 161)
The value of a given electromagnetic disturbance, measured in a specified way.

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1000-2-1 © IEC
3.5 Limit of disturbance (IEV 161-03-08)
The maximum permissible electromagnetic disturbance level, as measured in a specified
way.
3.6 Immunity level (IEV 161-03-14)
The maximum level of a given electromagnetic disturbance incident on a particular device,
equipment or system for which it remains capable of operating at a required degree of
performance.
3.7 (Electromagnetic) susceptibility (IEV 161-01-21)
The inability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the
presence of an electromagnetic disturbance.
NOTE - Susceptibility is a lack of immunity.
4 Purpose of specifying electromagnetic compatibility levels
NOTE - An interpretation of the basic definitions for practical application in IEC is in preparation. The
main results are considered in this clause.
From the definition of electromagnetic compatibility level it can be seen that it is a
reference value by means of which the disturbance level on the system and the immunity
level for various equipment types can be coordinated.
For practical purposes the limit of disturbance" is the maximum disturbance level
appearing with a certain probability in the electromagnetic environment of a device,
equipment or system. This is the reference value to which the other levels have to be
related, in order to avoid causing interference.
In some cases, this maximum disturbance level is the result of the superposition of several
sources (e.g. harmonics), in other cases it is produced by a single source (e.g.
non-repetitive voltage dip).
It must be emphasized that in general, the disturbance level is not a single value, but
varies with position and time. In practice, the statistical distribution of the disturbance
must be considered.
The maximum disturbance level may be derived from actual network measurements or,
possibly, theoretical study.
Because of this variability of the disturbance level, it is often very difficult or even
impossible to determine the actual highest level of disturbance which may appear very
infrequently. It is also generally not economical to define the compatibility level in terms of
this highest value to which most devices would not be exposed most of the time.
It therefore seems appropriate to define the compatibility level not as the "maximum value"
of a disturbance but as the level of the disturbance that would be exceeded in only a small
or very small number of cases - the aim being for the compatibility level to cover at least
95 % or so of situations.
1000-2-1 ©IEC - 15 -
The immunity level of equipment should be equal to the compatibility level or higher.
The immunity level has to be checked by an appropriate test. Determining its value and
the test procedure is the responsibility of a relevant Technical Committee (or is subject to
agreement between the parties involved).
The susceptibility level of equipment is the level of disturbance which would disturb the
function of the equipment. It should be equal to, or higher than, the immunity level fixed
for the tests.
The susceptibility level should be fixed by the manufacturer taking into account anticipated
service conditions and the specified immunity limit. The susceptibility level may require
consideration in statistical terms.
The compatibility level is intended to serve as a reference value for trouble-free operation,
in particular for public power supply systems to which items of equipment are connected
by independent consumers not normally in contact with each other.
The relation between the different levels of disturbance taking into account the statistical
features is illustrated by figure 1.
In dedicated or independent systems, servicing for example only one customer's
equipment of a particular kind, other compatibility levels may be agreed.
5 Harmonics
5.1
Description of the phenomenon
Harmonics are sinusoidal voltages or currents having frequencies that are whole multiples
of the frequency at which the supply system is designed to operate (e.g. 50 Hz or 60 Hz).
Harmonic disturbances are generally caused by equipment with a non-linear
voltage/current characteristic. Such equipment may be regarded as current sources of
harmonics.
The harmonic current from the different sources produces harmonic voltage drops across
the impedance of the network. This phenomenon is represented in figure 2 in a simplified
way. In reality, the different harmonic currents add vectorially.
As a result of the connection of reactive loads (e.g. power factor correction capacitors)
and the effect of cable capacitance, shunt and series resonance may occur in the network
and cause a voltage magnification even at a point remote from the distorting load.
5.2 Sources of harmonics
Harmonic currents are generated to a small extent and at low distortion levels by
generation, transmission and distribution equipment and to a larger extent, at relatively
large distortion levels, by industrial and domestic loads. Normally there are only a few

1000-2-1 © IEC - 17 -
sources generating significant harmonic currents in a network; the individual harmonic
power rate of the majority of the other devices is low.
The following sources generate significant harmonic currents in a network:
- equipment with phase-control and high power;
- uncontrolled rectifiers, especially with capacitive smoothing (e.g. used in
televisions, frequency converters, and self-ballasted lamps), because these harmonics
are in phase to each other and there is no compensation in the network.
Sources may produce harmonics at a constant or varying level, depending on the met
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