EN 12697-22:2020+A1:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2024
Bitumenske zmesi - Preskusne metode - 22. del: Preskus nastajanja kolesnic
(vključuje dopolnilo A1)
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 22: Wheel tracking
Asphalt - Prüfverfahren - Teil 22: Spurbildungstest
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d’essai - Partie 22 : Essai d’orniérage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12697-22:2020+A1:2023
ICS:
93.080.20 Materiali za gradnjo cest Road construction materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 12697-22:2020+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes EN 12697-22:2020
English Version
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 22: Wheel
tracking
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 22 : Asphalt - Prüfverfahren - Teil 22: Spurbildungstest
Essai d'orniérage
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 November 2019 and includes Amendment approved by CEN on 20
November 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12697-22:2020+A1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 6
5 Principle . 7
6 Apparatus . 8
6.1 Large size devices . 8
6.2 !Extra-large" devices . 9
6.3 Small size devices for use with rectangular plates . 10
6.4 Small-size devices for use with cores . 11
7 Sampling and sample preparation . 12
7.1 Test portion . 12
7.2 Sampling and manufacture . 12
7.3 Thickness and surface regularity . 14
7.4 Transport and storage of unmounted specimens . 14
7.5 Sample preparation . 14
7.6 Storage . 15
7.7 Temperature probes . 15
8 Procedure for carrying out a single measurement . 15
8.1 Large size devices . 15
8.2 Extra-large size device . 16
8.3 Small size devices . 17
9 Calculation and expression of results . 18
9.1 Large size devices . 18
9.2 Extra-large size device . 18
9.3 Small size devices . 19
10 Test report . 22
10.1 Obligatory information . 22
10.2 Complementary information . 24
11 Precision . 24
11.1 General . 24
11.2 Laboratory prepared samples, proportional rut depth, large size devices . 24
11.3 Samples cored from a pavement and laboratory prepared samples, wheel-tracking
rate, small-size devices, conditioning in air . 24
11.4 Samples cored from a pavement and laboratory prepared samples, wheel-tracking
rate, small-size devices, conditioning in air, procedure B . 25
Bibliography . 29

European foreword
This document (EN 12697-22:2020+A1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227
“Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2024, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes !EN 12697-22:2020".
This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 20 November 2023.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
The following is a list of significant technical changes since the previous edition:
— the title no longer makes the method exclusively for hot mix asphalt;
— [Clause 2] ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness (hardness
between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD), replaced by: ISO 48-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic —
Determination of hardness — Part 2: Hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD; ISO 7619, Rubber,
vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of indentation hardness, replaced by: ISO 48-5,
Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 5: Indentation hardness
by IRHD pocket meter method;
— [3.5] Table 1 deleted;
— [Clause 4] symbols for properties in the different methods made more consistent and corrected
through the whole document. Table 2 replaced by new Table 1;
— [Clause 6] moulds added to the list of equipment. Modifications for clarity;
— [6.3.1.2] ISO 7619 and ISO 48 replaced by: ISO 48-5 and 48-2;
— [7.1] new clause added and the order of clauses changed;
— [7.2.1.1] vibratory compactor excluded as a method of sample preparation;
— [7.2.1.2] thickness for mixtures with upper sieve size larger than 22 changed to 80 mm;
— [7.5.1] the text has been modified for clarity. “Plaster of Paris” amended to holding medium;
— [7.6] storage time amended to max 42 days and requirement added for storing samples on a flat
surface;
— [8.1.7] deleted;
— [9.2.1] Formula (2) corrected;
— [9.3.1.2] Formula (7) corrected;
— [9.3.2.2] required rounding of WTS values specified;
AIR
— [9.3.3.2] required rounding of WTS values specified;
W
— [10.1.2] type of roller compactor required to be reported;
— [11.4] precision data for small device, procedure B (air) added;
A list of all parts in the EN 12697 series can be found on the CEN website.
!Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website."
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document describes test methods for determining the susceptibility of bituminous materials to
deform under load. The test is applicable to mixtures with upper sieve size less than or equal to 32 mm.
The tests are applicable to specimens prepared from asphalt mixtures that have either been
manufactured in a laboratory or cut from a pavement; test specimens are held in a mould with their
surface flush with the upper edge of the mould.
!The susceptibility of bituminous materials to deform is assessed by the rut formed by repeated
passes of a loaded wheel at constant temperature. Three alternative types of devices can be used
according to this document: large size devices, extra-large size devices and small size devices. With
large size devices and extra-large size devices, the specimens are conditioned in air during testing. With
small size devices, specimens are conditioned, in either air or water.
NOTE Large size and extra-large size devices are not suitable for use with cylindrical cores."
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous
specimens
EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk
density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays
EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 27: Sampling
EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test method — Part 33: Specimen prepared by roller compactor
EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 35: Laboratory mixing
ISO 48-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 2: Hardness between
10 IRHD and 100 IRHD
ISO 48-5, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 5: Indentation
hardness by IRHD pocket meter method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
nominal thickness
for laboratory prepared specimens, the target thickness, in millimetres, to which the specimens are to
be prepared
Note 1 to entry: The target thickness is the required thickness that is targeted when making the specimen.
3.2
rut depth
reduction in the thickness of a test specimen, in millimetres, caused by repeated passes of a loaded
wheel
3.3
test surface
surface of the test specimen on which the loaded wheel runs
3.4
single test result
value obtained by applying this document, once, to a single test portion
3.5
test portion
number of samples that are required to be tested for a single test result
3.6
tyre track
impression of the tyre on a flat surface when a vertical load is applied
3.7
load cycle
two passes (outward and return) of the loaded wheel
!deleted text"
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviations given in Table 1 apply.
!
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviated terms
Symbol Definition Unit
d local distance between the reference plane and the j predetermined location on mm
ij
the test surface at the i-th measurement with multiple measurement points for
large size device.
NOTE j varies between 1 and 15
d local distance between a reference plane and the j predetermined location on mm
0j
the test surface before the start of the test (i=0) for large size device
d is the vertical displacement at the i-th measurement for small size device, mm
i
procedure A
d is the measured rut depth in the measured cross-section, at the i-th mm
i, s
measurement for extra-large device;
d is the vertical displacement after n load cycles for small size device, procedure B mm
n
d is the vertical displacement initially after 0 load cycles for small size device mm
h specimen thickness equal to the thickness of the course or courses of the test mm
piece in which a rut can form
L load applied N
Symbol Definition Unit
n number of cycles —
n number of load cycles for rut depth to reach 15 mm using small size device, —
procedure A
N Total number of readings taken at 100 load cycle intervals for small size device, —
procedure A
P measured proportional rut depth calculated as the average depth of a rut at the %
i
i-th measurement for one specimen for large size and extra-large size devices
P mean value of P obtained on two or more specimens using large size device %
iLD i
P mean value of P obtained on two or more specimens using extra-large size %
iXL i
device
PRD mean proportional rut depth for the material using a small size device, %
AIR
procedure B in air
PRD mean proportional rut depth for the material using a small size device, %
W
procedure B in water
RD the rut depth of the specimen i using a small size device, procedure B mm
RD mean rut depth for the material using a small size device, procedure B in air mm
AIR
RD mean rut depth for the material using a small size device, procedure B in water mm
W
r mean rut depth at the i-th measurement for large size and extra-large size mm
i
devices
s number of measured cross-sections for extra-large device —
TR mean rate of increase of track depth for one specimen using small size device, µm/cycle
procedure A
TR mean value of the determinations of TR for small size device, procedure A µm/cycle
m
w width of the tyre applying the load mm
WTR wheel-tracking rate calculated as the mean rate at which the rut depth increases µm/cycle
with time under repeated passes of a loaded wheel for small size device,
procedure A
WTS wheel-tracking slope, calculated as the mean rate at which the rut depth mm/1 000
W
increases with repeated passes of a loaded wheel for small size device, load cycles
procedure B in water
WTS wheel-tracking slope, calculated as the mean rate at which the rut depth mm/1 000
AIR
increases with repeated passes of a loaded wheel for small size device, load cycles
procedure B in air
"
5 Principle
The susceptibility of a bituminous material to deform is assessed by measuring the rut depth formed by
repeated passes of a loaded wheel at a fixed temperature.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Large size devices
6.1.1 Device simulating a rolling load which shall include
6.1.1.1 Wheel fitted with a 400 × 8 pneumatic tyre without tread pattern and having a track width
of (80 ± 5) mm. The pneumatic tyre pressure shall be (600 ± 30) kPa.
NOTE The Trelleborg T522 BV Extra or Special 6-ply type pneumatic tyre is suitable for this test.
6.1.1.2 The travel of pneumatic tyre relative to the specimen shall be (410 ± 5) mm.
6.1.1.3 The frequency of travel (outward and return) shall be (1,0 ± 0,1) Hz.
6.1.1.4 The rolling load applied to the test specimen shall be (5 000 ± 50) N at the centre of the test
specimen, measured at least when the device is static.
6.1.1.5 The centre line of the tyre track shall be not more than 5 mm from the theoretical centre of
the test specimen.
6.1.1.6 The angle of skew of the wheel shall be (0,0 ± 0,5)°.
6.1.2 Mould(s)
Mould(s) of internal dimensions (500 × 180 × 50) mm or (500 × 180 × 100) mm, all dimensions ± 2 mm,
capable of withstanding the test conditions without distortion.
6.1.3 Depth gauge
Depth gauge to measure local distance from the reference plane, d , to within ± 0,2 mm and with a
ij
2 2
square, rectangle or circular measurement area of between 5 mm and 10 mm . A contact-free sensor
can be used if it leads to the same result.
6.1.4 Ventilated enclosure
Ventilated enclosure with a set temperature that is regulated by a probe installed within the test
specimen such that the temperature within the specimen is maintained at the set temperature ± 2 °C
(see Figure 1)
6.1.5 Temperature sensors
Temperature sensor(s) suitable for installation within a compacted bituminous test specimen and for
the measurement of air temperature.
6.1.6 Temperature monitoring indicator
Temperature monitoring indicator to record the temperature within the test specimen, as shown in
Figure 1.
6.1.7 Steel supporting plate
Steel supporting plate with a surface unevenness of less than 1 mm when checked with a steel rule
across the diagonals and of a thickness such that the deflection under test conditions of this document
shall not exceed 0,5 mm.
6.1.8 Non-stick chemical
Non-stick chemical, such as glycerized sodium oleate.
6.2 !Extra-large" devices
6.2.1 Device simulating a rolling load which shall include
6.2.1.1 General
Wheel fitted with a 6.00-R9 pneumatic tyre without tread pattern and having a track width of
(110 ± 5) mm.
6.2.1.2 The travel of pneumatic tyre relative to the specimen shall be (700 ± 5) mm.
6.2.1.3 The time of travel (outward and return) shall be (2,5 ± 0,5) s.
6.2.1.4 The rolling load applied to the test specimen shall be (10 000 ± 100) N at the centre of the
test specimen, measured at least when the device is static.
6.2.1.5 The centre line of the tyre track shall be not more than 20 mm from the theoretical centre of
the test specimen.
6.2.1.6 The angle of skew of the wheel shall be (0,0 ± 0,5)°.
6.2.2 Moulds
Mould(s) of internal dimensions (700 × 500) mm, all dimensions ± 5 mm, capable of withstanding the
test conditions without distortion. The height of the mould corresponds to the nominal thickness of the
test specimen at the ends. The height of the side edges correspond to the nominal thickness of the
specimen or exceed it by a maximum of 20 mm.
6.2.3 Depth gauge
Laser sensors to measure local deformation within ± 0,2 mm. Laser sensors shall be capable to measure
rut depth with interval maximum 2 mm at least in 3 cross-sections as indicated in Figure 2.
6.2.4 Ventilated enclosure
Ventilated enclosure with a set temperature that is regulated by a probe installed within the test
specimen such that the temperature within the specimen is maintained at ± 3 °C of the test temperature
(see Figure 2).
6.2.5 Temperature sensors
Temperature sensor(s) suitable for installation within a compacted bituminous test specimen and for
the measurement of air temperature.
6.2.6 Temperature monitoring indicator
Temperature monitoring indicator to record the temperature within the test specimen, as shown in
Figure 2.
6.3 Small size devices for use with rectangular plates
6.3.1 Wheel-tracking apparatus
6.3.1.1 General
Wheel-tracking apparatus consisting of a loaded wheel that bears on a sample held securely on a table.
The table beneath the wheel or the wheel above the table moves backwards and forwards while a
device provided monitors the rate at which a rut develops in the surface of the test specimen. Vertical
play in the loaded wheel mechanism shall be less than 0,25 mm. The apparatus shall include
6.3.1.2 to 6.3.1.7.
6.3.1.2 Tyre of outside diameter between 200 mm and 205 mm fitted to the wheel. The tyre shall be
treadless and have a rectangular cross profile with a width of w where w = (50 ± 5) mm. The tyre
thickness shall be (20 ± 2) mm. The tyre shall be of solid rubber with a hardness number
of (80 ± 5) IRHD units when measured in accordance with ISO 48-5 and ISO 48-2.
NOTE A steel wheel has also been used with the small-size device, but the test will be more severe and the
result will not be comparable with that from a compliant test.
6.3.1.3 Means of applying a load to the wheel: The wheel load under standard test conditions shall
 
w
be N, measured at the level of the top of the test specimen and normal to the plane of
700× ± 10
 
 

 
the sample table.
This loading may conveniently be achieved by the use of a weighted cantilever arm.
6.3.1.4 Sample table, constructed so as to enable a rectangular laboratory-prepared test specimen
to be held firmly in place with its upper surface horizontal and in the required tracking plane and with
its centre positioned to ensure symmetrical tracking motion.
6.3.1.5 Wheel-tracking machine, constructed so as to enable the test specimen in its cradle to be
moved backwards and forwards under the loaded wheel in a fixed horizontal plane or the loaded wheel
to be moved backwards and forwards on the fixed specimen. The centre-line of the tyre track shall be
not more than 5 mm from the theoretical centre of the specimen. The centre of the contact area of the
tyre shall describe simple harmonic motion with respect to the centre of the top surface of the test
specimen with a total distance of travel of (230 ± 10) mm and a frequency of (26,5 ± 1,0) load cycles per
60 s for the test device.
NOTE This form of motion is most readily achieved by a reciprocating drive from a flywheel but alternative
drive mechanisms are satisfactory as long as the motion conforms to the above requirements.
6.3.1.6 Carriage and frame of steel with minimum inside dimensions of 260 mm × 300 mm. Vertical
play in the carriage shall be less than 0,25 mm when measured at the four corners of the carriage with
the carriage being subjected to the operating load, and the thickness of its bottom plate shall be not less
than 8 mm.
6.3.1.7 Device to measure the vertical position of the loaded wheel to ± 0,2 mm with a range of not
less than 20,0 mm.
6.3.2 Means for temperature control
Means for temperature control such that the temperature of the test specimen during testing is uniform
and maintained constant at the specified temperature ± 1 °C.
NOTE A constant temperature room enclosing the machine or a water bath are two methods of meeting this
requirement.
6.3.3 Straightedge
Straightedge, at least 300 mm long.
6.3.4 Callipers
Callipers capable of measuring the thickness of a test specimen to an accuracy of ± 1 mm.
6.3.5 Talc or steatite
6.3.6 Moulds
Mould(s) with internal dimensions of at least 260 mm by 300 mm and depth, after placing packing
plates if necessary, of the nominal thickness ± 5 mm. The mould(s) shall be capable of withstanding the
test conditions without distortion.
NOTE The width of the mould can have an influence on the deformation due to shear.
6.3.7 Holding medium
Holding medium, e.g. plaster of Paris or a polyester resin and hardener.
6.4 Small-size devices for use with cores
6.4.1 General
!The equipment listed in 6.3.1 to 6.3.4 with a sample table, constructed to enable a 200 mm minimum
diameter core specimen. The apparatus listed in 6.4.2 to 6.4.7."
6.4.2 Abrasive disc circular saw
Abrasive disc circular saw capable of cutting through 200 mm diameter cores of compacted bituminous
mixtures to provide a nominally ridge-free surface.
6.4.3 Core clamping assembly
Core clamping assembly comprising two steel, glass or other suitable stiff plates, and clamping blocks
for holding the prepared core in place whilst it is bedded in the holding medium.
NOTE The clamping blocks can be of any material strong enough to support the mass of the loaded wheel and
have a central hole capable of accommodating cores with diameters close to 200 mm.
6.4.4 Cleansing solvent
Cleansing solvent, e.g. mixture of 90 % acetone and 10 % kerosene by volume, for cleaning the rubber
tyre after use.
6.4.5 Holding medium
Holding medium, e.g. plaster of Paris or a polyester resin and hardener.
6.4.6 Containers
Containers for mixing the holding medium (disposable paper cups are suitable).
6.4.7 Spirit level
Spirit level, at least 100 mm long.
7 Sampling and sample preparation
7.1 Test portion
For this test, a test portion to represent one material shall consist of a set of test specimens as defined in
Table 2.
!
Table 2 — Minimum set of specimens
Device Minimum set of test specimen
Large or extra-large size device 2
Small size device, procedure A 6
Small size device, procedure B 2
"
7.2 Sampling and manufacture
7.2.1 Laboratory prepared samples
7.2.1.1 Manufacture
The component materials shall either be
— laboratory produced bituminous mixtures, mixed in accordance with EN 12697-35 or
— plant produced bituminous mixtures, sampled in accordance with EN 12697-27.
The test specimens shall be compacted in their moulds in accordance with EN 12697-33. The bulk
density shall be measured either by dimensions in accordance with EN 12697-6 or, after extracting the
sample from the mould, by one of the other methods in accordance with EN 12697-6 or EN 12697-7.
The bulk density of the two (or six) specimens used to measure the rut depth or the wheel-tracking rate
of a given mixture shall not deviate by more than ± 1 % of the mean bulk density.
7.2.1.2 Nominal thickness
For large size devices and without specific requirement, the thickness of the specimen shall be:
— 50 mm for mixtures intended to be used in layers less than or equal to 50 mm;
— 100 mm for mixtures intended to be used in layers greater than 50 mm.
For extra-large size devices and without specific requirement, the thickness of the specimen shall be
60 mm.
For large and extra-large size devices and if the thickness is to be specified, it shall be:
— 30 mm; or
— 50 mm; or
— 60 mm; or
— 75 mm; or
— 100 mm.
In the cas
...