EN ISO 80004-1:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2023
Nanotehnologije - Slovar - 1. del: Temeljno besedišče (ISO 80004-1:2023)
Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 1: Core vocabulary (ISO 80004-1:2023)
Nanotechnologien - Fachwörterverzeichnis - Teil 1: Zentrales Fachwörterverzeichnis
(ISO 80004-1:2023)
Nanotechnologies - Vocabulaire - Partie 1: Vocabulaire "cœur" (ISO 80004-1:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 80004-1:2023
ICS:
01.040.07 Naravoslovne in uporabne Natural and applied sciences
vede (Slovarji) (Vocabularies)
07.120 Nanotehnologije Nanotechnologies
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 80004-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.07; 07.120 Supersedes CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014, CEN ISO/TS
80004-1:2015, CEN ISO/TS 80004-2:2017, CEN
ISO/TS 80004-11:2020
English Version
Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 1: Core vocabulary
(ISO 80004-1:2023)
Nanotechnologies - Vocabulaire - Partie 1: Vocabulaire Nanotechnologien - Fachwörterverzeichnis - Teil 1:
"cœur" (ISO 80004-1:2023) Zentrales Fachwörterverzeichnis (ISO 80004-1:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 80004-1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 80004-1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229
"Nanotechnologies" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 352 “Nanotechnologies” the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2024, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN ISO/TS 80004-4:2014, CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015, CEN ISO/TS 80004-
2:2017 and CEN ISO/TS 80004-11:2020.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 80004-1:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 80004-1:2023 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 80004-1
First edition
2023-07
Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary —
Part 1:
Core vocabulary
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire —
Partie 1: Vocabulaire "cœur"
Reference number
ISO 80004-1:2023(E)
ISO 80004-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO 80004-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Core terms related to nanotechnologies . 1
3.2 Terms related to particles and assemblies of particles . 3
3.3 Terms related to nano-objects. 4
3.4 Terms related to the description of nanostructured material . 6
3.5 Terms related to the categories of nanostructured material . 6
3.6 Terms related to coatings, layers, films and membranes . 6
3.7 Terms related to nanocoatings, nanolayers, nanofilms and related terms . 7
3.8 Supplementary terms related to nanotechnology . 7
Bibliography .10
Index .11
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ISO 80004-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared jointly by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies and
Technical Committee IEC/TC 113, Nanotechnology standardization for electrical and electronic products
and systems, and in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 352, Nanotechnologies, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). The draft was circulated for voting to the national bodies of
both ISO and IEC.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/TS 80004-1:2015, ISO/TS 80004-2:2015, ISO/TS 80004-4:2011
and ISO/TS 80004-11:2017, which have been technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous editions are as follows:
— ISO/TS 80004-1:2015, ISO/TS 80004-2:2015, ISO/TS 80004-4:2011 and ISO/TS 80004-11:2017
merged into one document;
— the definition of nanostructure has been revised;
— the term and definition for NOAA has been added.
A list of all parts in the ISO 80004 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 80004-1:2023(E)
Introduction
By control of matter in the nanoscale, nanotechnology brings together processes and techniques that
are used to research, design and manufacture materials, devices and systems. It enables management
of characteristics such as material size, shape, morphology, chemical composition and molecular
configuration for the improvement, or development of, new process and product properties.
Applications of nanotechnologies are expected to impact virtually every aspect of life and enable
dramatic advances in communication, health, manufacturing, materials and knowledge-based
technologies. There is a need to provide industry and researchers with suitable tools to assist with the
development, application and communication of nanotechnologies.
A crucial objective is the harmonization of terminology and definitions, in order to promote common
understanding and consistent usage across communities where nanotechnologies are being developed
and used. In the context of the ISO 80004 series, “terminology” refers to:
a) a structured or conceptual presentation of vocabulary employed in nanotechnologies, and
b) assigned definitions for specific units of the language in this vocabulary.
This document presents terminology and definitions for core terms in this emerging vocabulary and
serves as the foundation for a broader vocabulary constituted collectively by the ISO 80004 series.
As nanotechnologies continue to evolve, the terms and definitions to facilitate communications
have become increasingly specific and precise. For many communities, the meaning of terms such
as nanoscale, nanomaterial and nanotechnology are inferred by logical application of the SI unit
−9
of scale. The prefix 'nano-' specifically means a measure of 10 units and the nature of this unit is
determined by the word that follows. In the ISO 80004 series, however, terms such as nano-object and
nanoscale employ size and geometric boundaries to express fundamental and measurable aspects of
nanomaterials. In the case of the term nanoscale, the definition acknowledges that the length range of
nano-objects can fall outside the precise boundaries normally associated with the concept of scale, by
indicating that the upper and lower boundaries are approximate.
The lower limit (approximately 1 nm) in the definition of nanoscale is introduced to avoid single and
small groups of atoms, as well as individual molecules, from being designated as nano-objects or
elements of nanostructures, which can be implied by the absence of a lower limit. It should also be
recognized that fullerene molecules and single layer planar structures (e.g. graphene) that have
dimensions below 1 nm are, in practice, considered to be nanomaterials because they are important
building blocks for nanotechnology.
Further, size-dependent biological effects, specifically particle-cell interactions and environmental
interactions related to nanotechnology, involve structures below 1 nm and above 100 nm. In addition
to size, the complex interplay of parameters such as aspect ratio, core chemistry, agglomeration state,
physical state, surface properties and others will influence biological and environmental interactions
associated with nanostructured materials.
Terminology development is proceeding at an intensive pace and needs to be responsive to the needs
of stakeholders. As knowledge expands, terminology will need to effectively convey not only the size
and shape-based metrics of nanomaterials but also the performance-based/properties-based aspects
of intentionally produced nano-objects and nanostructured materials in their definitions.
It will be an on-going challenge to communicate complex concepts in definitions in a manner that is
meaningful and practical for stakeholders in research, commercial applications, government and
consumer communities. It is emphasized that the definition of “nanoscale” in the ISO 80004 series is a
general descriptor serving to facilitate communication concerning nanotechnologies.
The development of core terms and their definitions has benefited from discussions over time
concerning scientific, regulatory and consumer usage. The science is still emerging, as is the capacity
to measure and characterize nanomaterials or more generally matter in the nanoscale. Care needs to
be taken to ensure the latest scientific information is incorporated into the terminology as it becomes
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ISO 80004-1:2023(E)
available. It is important to acknowledge that the associated terms and their definitions will likewise
follow an evolutionary path.
Many of the definitions in this document are determined to be in harmony with a framework and
hierarchical system of terminology for nanotechnologies. Furthermore, it is also important to recognize
that articles fabricated to contain nanomaterials are not necessarily nanomaterials themselves.
Nano-objects (e.g. nanoparticles, nanofibres and nanoplates), often occur in (large) groups, rather than
as isolated or distinct entities. For reasons of surface energy, such coexisting nano-objects are likely to
interact. The terms are not restricted with respect to physical size and shape. These terms are included
for completeness and importance at the nanoscale.
Figure 1 illustrates the relationships between nanomaterial, nano-object and nanostructured material.
However, this hierarchy is not intended to exclude the possibility for a nano-object to have internal or
surface nanostructure. Figure 1 should therefore be considered as schematic or idealized.
Figure 1 — Nanomaterial framework
A number of other parameters in addition to size and shape are also intrinsic to the function and
phenomena exhibited by nano-objects (see Figure 2). These parameters include composition,
morphology, crystalline structure and surface features, which can all have a major influence on the key
nanoscale phenomena exhibited by nano-objects. Such phenomena include magnetic, optical, catalytic,
electronic and other properties.
a) Nanoparticle b) Nanofibre c) Nanoplate
(3 external dimensions (2 external dimensions (1 external dimension
in the nanoscale) in the nanoscale) in the nanoscale)
Figure 2 — Schematic diagrams showing some shapes for nano-objects
There is a hierarchical relationship between many of the different terms in this document, elements of
which are shown in Figure 3.
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ISO 80004-1:2023(E)
Figure 3 — Fragment of hierarchy of terms related to nano-objects
Nanostructured materials are characterized by internal structures or surface structures at the
nanoscale. Nano-objects (material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale) can be
nanostructured.
A material should not be classified as nanostructured based solely on its crystalline properties (three-
dimensional arrangements of atoms or molecules forming a crystallite, short range order of atoms
in amorphous or quasi-amorphous phases, grain boundaries, intragranular interfaces, dislocations,
etc.). In contrast, materials with a grain size distribution having a significant fraction of grains in the
nanoscale (nanocrystalline), voids and pores in the nanoscale, or precipitations in the nanoscale (i.e.
nano-objects in a solid matrix) are sufficient features for materials to be classified as “nanostructured”.
Similarly, almost all materials always have surfaces with morphological and chemical heterogeneities
in the nanoscale. Only surfaces that have been intentionally modified or textured to have morphological
or chemical heterogeneities in the nanoscale qualify materials as “nanostructured”.
Five categories of nanostructured materials are covered in this document (see Figure 4):
a) nanostructured powder;
b) nanocomposite;
c) solid nanofoam;
d) nanoporous material;
e) fluid nanodispersion.
For some of these five categories, a number of subcategory terms are also defined. The category and
subcategory terms are not comprehensive; additional categories and subcategories will be added in
later revisions of this document.
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ISO 80004-1:2023(E)
Figure 4 — Categories of nanostructured materials defined in this document
The terms coating, layer, film and others that are related can be grouped by distinguishing between
coatings, layers and films having a thickness in the nanoscale (i.e. external dimension in the nanoscale)
and those having internal structures in the nanoscale (e.g. nanostructured coatings, nanocomposite
coatings, dispersion coatings with dispersed nano-objects). Following the hierarchy established in this
document which describes nanomaterial by the two categories ’nano-objects’ and ’nanostructured
material’ the terms nanolayer, nanocoating, and n
...