EN 18007-4:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2024
Elektromagnetno utripno varjenje - 4. del: Popis in kvalifikacija varilnih postopkov
Electromagnetic pulse welding - Part 4: Specification and qualification of welding
procedures
Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren - Elektromagnetisches Pulsschweißen - Teil 4:
Spezifikation und Qualifizierung von Schweißverfahren
Soudage par impulsion électromagnétique - Partie 4 : Descriptif et qualification des
modes opératoires de soudage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 18007-4:2024
ICS:
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 18007-4
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.160.10
English Version
Electromagnetic pulse welding - Part 4: Specification and
qualification of welding procedures
Soudage par impulsion électromagnétique - Partie 4 : Elektromagnetisches Pulsschweißen - Teil 4:
Descriptif et qualification des modes opératoires de Spezifikation und Qualifizierung von Schweißverfahren
soudage
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 June 2024.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 18007-4:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 7
4 Development and qualification of welding procedures . 7
4.1 General. 7
4.2 Technical content of a pWPS . 8
4.2.1 General. 8
4.2.2 Manufacturer information . 8
4.2.3 Base material type(s), temper(s), and reference standard(s) . 8
4.2.4 Base material dimensions and geometry . 8
4.2.5 Equipment identification . 8
4.2.6 Tool coil identification . 8
4.2.7 Clamping arrangement . 8
4.2.8 Joint design . 8
4.2.9 Joint preparation and cleaning methods. 9
4.2.10 Welding details . 9
5 Qualification based on a welding procedure test . 9
5.1 General. 9
5.2 Shape and dimensions of test specimens . 9
5.2.1 General. 9
5.2.2 Overlap joint of tubular parts. 10
5.2.3 Overlap joint of a tubular part with a solid cylindrical part . 10
5.2.4 Overlap joint of sheets . 11
5.3 Welding of test specimens . 11
5.4 Examination and testing of test specimens . 11
5.4.1 Extent of testing . 11
5.4.2 Location and extraction of test specimens . 13
5.4.3 Non-destructive examination . 14
5.4.4 Destructive testing . 15
5.4.5 Alternative tests . 17
5.4.6 Re-testing . 17
6 Qualification based on pre-production welding test . 17
6.1 General. 17
6.2 Test specimens . 17
6.3 Examination and testing of test specimens . 17
6.4 Range of qualification. 17
7 Range of qualification. 18
7.1 General. 18
7.2 Related to the manufacturer . 18
7.3 Related to the base material . 18
7.4 Common to all welding procedures . 18
7.4.1 Welding process . 18
7.4.2 Type of control method . 18
7.4.3 Type of welding equipment . 18
7.4.4 Welding tools . 18
7.4.5 Joint configuration and joint design . 18
7.4.6 Other variables . 19
8 Welding procedure qualification record (WPQR) . 19
Annex A (informative) Examination and testing . 20
A.1 Examination and testing . 20
A.2 Non-destructive testing . 20
A.2.1 General . 20
A.2.2 Visual examination . 20
A.2.3 Dimensional measurements . 20
A.2.4 Surface crack inspection . 21
A.2.5 Dye penetrant testing . 21
A.2.6 Leak testing . 21
A.2.7 Laser ultrasound testing . 21
A.2.8 Tomography . 22
A.3 Destructive testing . 23
A.3.1 General . 23
A.3.2 Bend testing . 23
A.3.3 Peel testing . 24
A.3.4 Compression testing . 25
A.3.5 Torsion testing . 25
A.3.6 Lap shear tensile testing . 25
A.3.7 Fatigue testing . 26
A.3.8 Metallographic examination . 26
A.3.9 Hardness measurements . 26
A.4 Electrical conductivity measurements . 27
A.5 Proof testing . 28
Annex B (informative) Welding Procedure Specifications . 29
Bibliography . 31

European foreword
This document (EN 18007-4:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding
and allied processes”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The EN 18007 series of standards, under the general title Electromagnetic pulse welding, consists of the
following parts:
— Part 1: Welding knowledge, terminology and vocabulary,
— Part 2: Design of welded joints,
— Part 3: Qualification of welding operators and weld setters,
— Part 4: Specification and qualification of welding procedures,
— Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
Electromagnetic pulse welding is an innovative solid-state welding technology that belongs to the group
of pressure welding processes and is based on the use of electromagnetic forces to deform, accelerate
and weld workpieces. No external heat source is used, the connection is only created by a high-velocity
impact.
The increasing use of the electromagnetic pulse welding process has created the need for a standard, to
ensure that the welding operations are carried out in the most effective manner and that appropriate
controls are performed on all aspects of the implementation.
To be effective, welded products should be free from problems in production and in service. To achieve
this goal, it is recommended to provide controls from the design phase through material selection, choice
of parameters, the fabrication itself, and inspection. For example, poor design can create serious and
costly difficulties in the workshop or in service. Incorrect process parameters and/or material selection
can result in welding defects. Welding procedures should be correctly formulated and approved to avoid
weld discontinuities. To ensure the manufacture of a quality product, management should understand
the causes of potential problems and implement appropriate inspection procedures and subsequent
quality measures. Supervision should be implemented to ensure that the specified quality is achieved.
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for the specification and qualification of welding procedures
for electromagnetic pulse welding.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 18007-1, Electromagnetic pulse welding — Part 1: Welding knowledge, terminology and vocabulary
EN 18007-3, Electromagnetic pulse welding — Part 3: Qualification of welding operators and weld setters
EN 18007-5:2024, Electromagnetic pulse welding — Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements
EN ISO 4063, Welding, brazing, soldering and cutting — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
(ISO 4063)
EN ISO 14270:2016, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and
procedure for mechanized peel testing resistance spot, seam and embossed projection welds
(ISO 14270:2016)
EN ISO 14273:2016, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and
procedure for tensile shear testing resistance spot and embossed projection welds (ISO 14273:2016)
EN ISO 15607:2019, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — General
rules (ISO 15607:2019)
EN ISO 17637, Non-destructive testing of welds — Visual testing of fusion-welded joints (ISO 17637)
EN ISO 17639, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Macroscopic and microscopic examination
of welds (ISO 17639)
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 18007-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of qualification of welding procedures, the abbreviations listed in EN ISO 15607:2019,
Table 1 apply.
Table 1 —Symbols and abbreviated terms
Symbol Term Unit
b width of the parallel length mm
b
width of the shoulder mm
L
parallel length mm
c
L
original gauge length mm
L
maximum width of the weld after machining mm
s
L
total length of the test specimen mm
t
r radius of shoulder mm
t
thickness of the test specimen mm
s
4 Development and qualification of welding procedures
4.1 General
A Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) is of extreme importance to industry, since it is the document
that describes how a weld should be carried out. It is a document that has been qualified by a specific
method and provides the required variables of the welding procedure to ensure repeatability during
production welding. The document should contain welding parameters, materials used, configuration of
the joint, equipment characteristics and weld configuration. For more information, see EN ISO 15607.
Qualification of welding procedures shall be performed prior to production welding. The manufacturer
shall prepare a preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) and shall ensure that it is applicable
for production using experience from previous production jobs and the general knowledge of the welding
technology.
A pWPS shall be used as the basis for the establishment of a welding procedure qualification record
(WPQR). The pWPS shall be tested in accordance with one of the methods listed in Clause 5 or Clause 6.
Five shall be used when the production part or joint geometry is accurately represented by a standardized
test piece or pieces, as shown in 5.2. However, Clause 6 shall be used when the production part or joint
geometry is not accurately represented by standardized test specimens.
The minimum information required in a pWPS is given in 4.2. For some applications, it may be necessary
to supplement or reduce the list.
A WPS covers a certain range of base materials, joint configurations and thicknesses. Ranges and
tolerances in accordance with the relevant standard and the manufacturer’s experience shall be specified
when appropriate.
Annex B shows an example of a pWPS form. Two different types of joints are possible; joints of
overlapping sheets and joints of overlapping tubes. The first one presents a preliminary WPS for
electromagnetic pulse welding of sheets regarding the parameters found. The second one is based on the
first, but adapted to overlapping tubes.
4.2 Technical content of a pWPS
4.2.1 General
The following information, as a minimum, shall be included in a pWPS.
4.2.2 Manufacturer information
— identification of the manufacturer,
— identification of the pWPS.
4.2.3 Base material type(s), temper(s), and reference standard(s)
— designation of the material(s) and referenced standard(s).
4.2.4 Base material dimensions and geometry
Dimensions and geometry of the parts comprising the welded joint:
— general geometry of the parts to be welded,
— outer diameter and wall thickness of tubes,
— dimensions of the sheets (length, width, thicknesses),
— geometrical specifics like chamfers, if applicable.
4.2.5 Equipment identification
— type of machine used and appropriate identification (model, serial number, manufacturer),
— .
4.2.6 Tool coil identification
— materials,
— drawing or drawing number,
— description.
4.2.7 Clamping arrangement
— method and type of clamps and fixtures (dimensions and material).
4.2.8 Joint design
— sketch of the joint design including dimensions (overlap distance, distance between flyer and
stationary part, …),
— joint configuration.
4.2.9 Joint preparation and cleaning methods
For example:
— degreasing,
— removal of edge burrs,
— grinding and polishing, if needed,
— …
4.2.10 Welding details
— the welding process shall be designated as listed in EN ISO 4063,
— welding method; welding of sheets or tubular parts,
— process parameters:
— charging voltage,
— energy,
— geometrical process parameters like position in the tool coil,
— …
5 Qualification based on a welding procedure test
5.1 General
This method specifies how a welding procedure can be qualified by welding and testing of standardized
test specimens.
The welded assembly, to which the welding procedure will relate to in production, shall be represented
by actual components or by preparing a standardized test piece in accordance with 5.2.
The welding operator who undertakes the welding procedure test satisfactorily in accordance with this
document is qualified according to EN 18007-3.
Test specimens shall be cut from the actual components, subscale test component or welded separately
according to 5.3.
5.2 Shape and dimensions of test specimens
5.2.1 General
The test pieces shall be designed to represent, as far as possible, the component and joint geometry.
The length or number of test specimens shall be sufficient to allow for all required tests to be performed.
Test specimens longer than the minimum size may be used, to allow for additional specimens, for re-
testing of specimens, or both (see 5.4.6). If relevant, the rolling direction or extrusion direction shall be
marked on the test specimens.
5.2.2 Overlap joint of tubular parts
The test piece shall be prepared in accordance with Figure 1.

Key
L , L minimum length of the tubes (minimum value: 150 mm)
1 2
D , D outside diameter of the tubes
1 2
t , t wall thicknesses of the tubes
1 2
Figure 1 — Test piece for an overlap joint of tubular parts
5.2.3 Overlap joint of a tubular part with a solid cylindrical part
The test piece shall be prepared in accordance with Figure 2.

Key
L , L minimum length of the solid part and the tube (minimum value: 150 mm)
1 2
D , D outside diameter of the solid part and the tube
1 2
t wall thickness of the tube
Figure 2 — Test piece for an overlap joint of a tubular part with a solid cylindrical part
5.2.4 Overlap joint of sheets
A continuous weld shall be made as shown in Figure 3.

Key
L , L minimum length of the sheets (minimum value: 150 mm)
1 2
t thickness of the parent sheet
t thickness of the flyer sheet
W width of the parent sheet
W width of the flyer sheet
Figure 3 — Test piece for an overlap joint of sheets
5.3 Welding of test specimens
The test specimens shall be welded in accordance with the pWPS, and under the general conditions of
production welding (parameters, equipment, etc.), which they represent.
The welding and the testing of the test piece shall be verified by the examiner or examining body.
5.4 Examination and testing of test specimens
5.4.1 Extent of testing
Testing includes both non-destructive and destructive testing.
The selection of tests to be performed and the number of test specimens depends on the performance
and the quality requirements of the components or assembly and compliance with the relevant
application standard. The required tests and acceptance levels shall be established before any
qualification is undertaken. Examples of testing plans are provided in Table 2 and Table 3.
Annex A provides additional information on possible destructive and non-destructive testing techniques.
Specific service, material or manufacturing conditions may require more comprehensive testing in order
to obtain additional test data.
Testing of the test specime
...