EN 584-1:2006

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2006
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 584-1:1996
Neporušitveno preskušanje - Film za industrijsko radiografijo - 1. del: Klasifikacija
sistemov filmov za industrijsko radiografijo
Non-destructive testing - Industrial radiographic film - Part 1: Classification of film
systems for industrial radiography
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Industrielle Filme für die Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Teil 1:
Klassifizierung von Filmsystemen für die industrielle Durchstrahlungsprüfung
Essais non destructifs - Film pour radiographie industrielle - Partie 1: Classification des
systemes films pour radiographie industrielle
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 584-1:2006
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
37.040.25 Radiografski filmi Radiographic films
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 584-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2006
ICS 19.100; 37.040.99 Supersedes EN 584-1:1994
English Version
Non-destructive testing - Industrial radiographic film - Part 1:
Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
Essais non destructifs - Film pour radiographie industrielle - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Industrielle Filme für die
Partie 1: Classification des systèmes films pour Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Teil 1: Klassifizierung von
radiographie industrielle Filmsystemen für die industrielle Durchstrahlungsprüfung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 March 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 584-1:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and Definitions .4
4 Sampling and storage.5
5 Test method.5
5.1 Preparation.5
5.2 Measurement of gradient G.6
5.3 Measurement of granularity σσσσ .7
D
5.4 Measurement of CEN speed S .9
5.5 Other equipment and procedures.9
6 Limiting values for classification.9
Bibliography.12

Foreword
This document (EN 584-1:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive
testing”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2006.
This document supersedes EN 584-1:1994.
EN 584 comprises a series of European Standards for industrial radiographic films which is made up of the
following:
EN 584-1 Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic film — Part 1: Classification of film systems for
industrial radiography
EN 584-2 Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic film — Part 2: Control of film processing by
means of reference values
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
1 Scope
The purpose of this standard is to fix the performance of film systems.
This standard is applicable for the classification of film systems in combination with specified lead screens for
industrial radiography (non-destructive testing). This standard is intended to assure that the image quality of
radiographs – as far as this is influenced by the film system – is in conformity with the requirements of
European Standards such as EN 444, EN 1435 and EN 12681. This European Standard does not apply to the
classification of films used with fluorescent intensifying screens. The measurement of film systems in this
standard is restricted to a selected radiation quality to simplify the procedure. The properties of films will
change with radiation energy but not the ranking of film system quality.
Additional methods for evaluating the photographic process are described in EN 584-2 by which the
performance of film systems can be controlled under the conditions given in industry.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 584-2, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic film — Part 2: Control of film processing by
means of reference values.
EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC
17025:2005)
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1
film system
combination of film and film processing which is carried out in accordance with the instructions of the film
manufacturer and/or the manufacturer of the processing chemicals.
3.2
film gradient
G
slope of the characteristic curve of a film at a specified optical density D
3.3
granularity
σσσσ
D
stochastic density fluctuations in the radiograph, superimposed on the image of the object
NOTE The limiting values given in this standard are related to fixed radiation energies and specified screens.
3.4
characteristic curve
curve showing the relationship between the common logarithm of exposure logK, and the optical density D
3.5
specular density
quantitative measure of film blackening (optical density) when light passing the optics of a microdensitometer
transmits the film.
3.6
diffuse density
quantitative measure of film blackening (optical density) as determined by a densitometer. It is the sum of all
transmitted and scattered light into the half sphere behind the film.
3.7
signal/noise ratio
in industrial radiography the ratio of a local film density to the granularity σ at this density level. It is
D
correlated to the gradient/noise ratio
3.8
CEN speed
S
reciprocal value of the dose K measured in Gray which results in a specified diffuse optical transmission
S
density D of the processed film:
S = (1)
K
s
3.9
film system class
classification taking into account of limiting values given in Table 1.
3.10
gradient/noise ratio
ratio of the gradient G and the granularity σ . It relates directly to the signal/noise ratio. All further parameters
D
determining the signal, such as the modulation transfer function or the energy of the radiation, are considered
to be constant.
4 Sampling and storage
For product specification it is important that the samples evaluated yield the average results obtained by users.
This will require the evaluation of several different batches periodically under conditions specified in this
standard. Prior to evaluation, the samples shall be stored according to the manufacturers’ recommendations
for a length of time to simulate the average age at which the product is normally used. The basic objective in
selecting and storing samples as described above is to ensure the film characteristics are representative of
those obtained by a consumer at the time of use.
5 Test method
5.1 Preparation
The film samples shall be exposed to X-rays from tungsten target tubes. Inherent filtration of the tube, plus an
additional copper filter located as close to the X-ray tube target as possible shall provide filtration equivalent to
(8,00 ± 0,05) mm of copper. The potential across the X-ray tube shall be adjusted until the half-value-
absorption is obtained with (3,5 ± 0,2) mm of copper. A potential of approximately 220 kV generally meets this
requirement.
The film system shall include a front and a back screen of 0,02 to 0,04 mm lead. If single coated films are
used, the emulsion coated surface shall face the X-ray tube. Good film screen contact shall be ensured.
Exercise care to ensure that the film specimen does not contain density variations arising from the exposing
equipment (such as non-uniform beam filters or damaged, or defective lead screens) or processing system.
During and after exposure, prior to processing, maintain the film specimen at the temperature of 23°C ± 5°C
and relative humidity of 50 ± 20%. The film processing chemicals and procedures shall be the same for
determining gradient and granularity, and they shall be used and described completely as specified.
Use manufacturer certified film test strips according to EN 584-2 to test the specified developer system with
the specified immersion time and developer temperature. The speed index S shall be within ± 5% of the
x
manufacturer’s certificate. The developer temperature may differ by ± 1°C from the certified value to adjust S
X
within ± 5% of the manufacturer certificate value. The obtained S and used developer temperature shall be
X
documented in the test report. This test shall be done, on a daily basis, before and after the development of
the exposed films for classification with the same developer temperature and immersion time.
If a manufacturer certificate is not available, film test strips shall be manufactured and calibrated according to
EN 584-2 by the user.
5.2 Measurement of gradient G
Gradient G relates to a D versus log K curve. Within the scope of this standard G is calculated
dD
from the slope of a D versus K curve at density (D − D ) , i. e.
dK
dD K dD
G = = ⋅ (2)
dlog K log e dK
10 10
where
K is the measured dose, in Gray, required for density (D – D
...