EN 12299:2024+A1:2026

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2026
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 12299:2024
Železniške naprave - Udobnost vožnje potnikov - Meritve in vrednotenje (vključno
z dopolnilom A1)
Railway applications - Ride comfort for passengers - Measurement and evaluation
Bahnanwendungen - Fahrkomfort für Fahrgäste - Messung und Auswertung
Applications ferroviaires - Confort de marche des voyageurs - Mesurage et évaluation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12299:2024+A1:2026
ICS:
13.160 Vpliv vibracij in udarcev na Vibration and shock with
ljudi respect to human beings
45.060.20 Železniški vagoni Trailing stock
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 12299:2024+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2026
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 45.060.20 Supersedes EN 12299:2024
English Version
Railway applications - Ride comfort for passengers -
Measurement and evaluation
Applications ferroviaires - Confort de marche des Bahnanwendungen - Fahrkomfort für Fahrgäste -
voyageurs - Mesurage et évaluation Messung und Auswertung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 October 2026.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye
and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N
E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E F Ü R N O R M U N G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2026 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12299:2024+A1:2026 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Symbols, units and abbreviations . 10
5 General description. 14
5.1 General. 14
5.2 Passenger exposure to vibrations . 14
5.3 Application . 15
5.4 Characteristics of rail vehicle motions . 15
5.5 Ride comfort . 16
5.6 Direct and indirect measurements . 16
5.7 Summary table of procedures . 16
5.8 Application of comfort indices . 17
6 Mean comfort and continuous comfort . 18
6.1 General. 18
6.2 Basis of the method . 19
6.3 Methodology . 19
6.4 Test conditions . 20
6.4.1 General. 20
6.4.2 Selection of test sections . 20
6.4.3 Test speed . 20
6.4.4 Wheel-rail contact geometry . 20
6.4.5 Vehicle condition . 20
6.5 Parameters to be measured . 20
6.5.1 General. 20
6.5.2 Location of measuring points . 21
6.5.3 Filtering . 21
6.6 Definition of intermediate quantities . 21
6.7 Definition of comfort indexes . 23
6.7.1 Continuous comfort. 23
6.7.2 Mean comfort standard method . 23
6.7.3 Mean comfort complete method . 24
6.8 Test report . 24
7 Comfort on curve transitions . 24
7.1 General. 24
7.2 Basis of the method . 24
7.3 Methodology . 25
7.4 Test conditions . 25
7.4.1 General. 25
7.4.2 Selection of test sections . 25
7.4.3 Test speed . 25
7.4.4 Wheel-rail contact geometry . 25
7.4.5 Vehicle condition . 25
7.5 Parameters to be measured . 26
7.5.1 General . 26
7.5.2 Location of measuring points . 26
7.5.3 Filtering . 26
7.6 Definition of intermediate quantities . 26
7.6.1 Symbols and indices . 26
7.6.2 Averaging procedure . 27
7.6.3 Identification of transition periods. 27
7.6.4 Intermediate quantities . 28
7.7 Definition of comfort index P . 30
CT
7.8 Alternative comfort index ‘sliding P over 3 s’ . 30
CT
7.9 Test report . 33
8 Comfort on discrete events . 33
8.1 General . 33
8.2 Basis of the method . 34
8.3 Methodology . 34
8.4 Test conditions . 34
8.4.1 General . 34
8.4.2 Selection of test sections . 34
8.4.3 Test speed . 35
8.4.4 Wheel-rail contact geometry . 35
8.4.5 Vehicle condition . 35
8.5 Parameters to be measured . 35
8.5.1 General . 35
8.5.2 Location of measuring points . 35
8.5.3 Filtering . 35
8.6 Definition of quantities . 35
8.6.1 Symbols and indices . 35
8.6.2 Averaging procedure to obtain the mean value . 36
8.6.3 Maximum peak to peak value. 36
8.7 Definition of comfort index P . 37
DE
8.8 Test report . 37
9 Guide for the interpretation of results . 37
9.1 General . 37
9.2 Mean comfort . 37
9.3 Continuous comfort . 38
9.4 Comfort on curve transitions . 38
9.5 Comfort on discrete events . 39
Annex A (normative) Reference system . 40
Annex B (normative) Measurement techniques. 42
B.1 General . 42
B.2 Measuring equipment . 42
B.2.1 General . 42
B.2.2 Transducers and signal amplifiers . 42
B.2.3 Recording equipment . 43
B.2.4 Fixing transducers to the floor . 43
B.3 Seat measuring devices and their applications . 43
Annex C (normative) Weighting curves . 46
C.1 General. 46
C.2 Filter functions. 47
C.2.1 General. 47
C.2.2 Band-limiting filter . 47
C.2.3 Acceleration to velocity transition . 48
C.2.4 Upward gradient . 48
C.2.5 Overall frequency weighting. 48
C.2.6 Reduction of the upper limit of the frequency range in vertical direction . 48
C.3 Tolerances . 48
C.4 Diagrams . 50
Annex D (informative) Specifying the vehicle performance with regard to ride comfort . 54
D.1 General. 54
D.2 Knowledge of route for comfort assessment . 54
D.3 Track condition . 54
D.4 Specification of vehicle conditions . 55
D.5 General specification . 55
Annex E (normative) Vehicle assessment with respect to ride comfort . 56
E.1 General. 56
E.2 Track geometric quality . 56
E.3 Test conditions . 57
E.3.1 Selection of test sections and test zones . 57
E.3.2 Test speed . 57
E.3.3 Wheel-rail contact geometry . 57
E.3.4 Vehicle condition . 57
E.4 Acceptable modifications of the methods for the continuous or mean comfort evaluation
............................................................................................................................................................................. 58
E.5 Test report . 60
Annex F (informative) Presentation of test report . 61
F.1 General. 61
F.2 Aim of test . 61
F.3 Test performer . 61
F.4 References . 61
F.5 Test conditions . 61
F.5.1 General information . 61
F.5.2 Vehicle . 62
F.5.3 Seat (for mean comfort complete method) . 62
F.5.4 Seat occupant (for mean comfort complete method) . 62
F.5.5 Track . 62
F.5.6 Speed profile . 63
F.5.7 Test configurations . 63
F.6 Measurements and processing . 63
F.6.1 Measurements . 63
F.6.2 Processing . 63
F.6.3 Deviations . 63
F.7 Report on mean comfort and continuous comfort . 63
F.7.1 General . 63
F.7.2 Time series . 63
F.7.3 Statistical results . 66
F.7.4 Comfort evaluation . 68
F.7.5 Spectral analyses . 68
F.8 Report on comfort in curve transitions . 70
F.9 Reporting on comfort on discrete events . 70
Annex G (informative) Guideline for the application of direct tests . 73
Annex H (informative) Workflow for calculation of RMS from measured (or simulated) time series
of accelerations . 74
Annex I (informative) Determining quantities . 75
Annex J (informative) Guidance for the application of simulation . 77
J.1 General . 77
J.2 Benefits . 77
J.3 Applications . 77
J.4 Accuracy and limitations . 78
J.5 State of the art for railway ENs . 78
Annex K (informative) !Unit value for the mean comfort index" . 80
K.1 Unit value definition . 80
K.2 Simple example . 80
K.3 Maximum simplification . 81
K.4 Vehicle orientated simplification . 82
K.5 Test zone orientated simplification . 82
K.6 Ride comfort distribution . 83
K.7 Combination of simplifications. 83
K.8 Full analysis . 83
K.9 Applying the !N " comfort index scale . 83
MV
Bibliography . 84

European foreword
This document (EN 12299:2024+A1:2026) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256
“Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2027, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2027.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes !EN 12299:2024".
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 August 2024 and includes Amendment 1 approved
by CEN on 17 August 2026.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
EN 12299:2024 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 12299:2009:
a) the Scope has been revised;
b) Normative references have been updated;
c) Clause 3, Terms and definitions has been updated;
d) Clause 4, Symbols, units and abbreviations has been revised;
e) Clause 5, General description has been revised;
f) Clause 6, Mean comfort and continuous comfort have been revised;
g) Clause 7, Comfort on curve transitions has been updated;
h) Clause 8, Comfort on discrete events has been revised;
i) Clause 9, Guide for the interpretation of the results has been updated;
j) Annex B, Measurement techniques has been updated;
k) Annex C, Weighting curves has been updated;
l) new Annex D has been added;
m) (previous) Annex D has been revised and renamed in Annex F;
n) Annex E has been revised;
o) (previous) Annex F has been revised and renamed in Annex G;
p) Annex H has been renamed Annex I. New Annexes H, J and K added.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
1 Scope
The purpose of this document is to provide methods for quantifying the ride comfort of a passenger in a
rail vehicle in response to the track sections it is operated over.
The methods aim to quantify the effects of vehicle body motions on ride comfort and to make the
assessment of passenger comfort predictable, repeatable, objective and meaningful.
The methods and comfort scales are validated for people of good health.
This document applies to passengers in rail vehicles operating on heavy rail networks.
This document applies to measurements of motions. It also applies to simulated motions. Guidance is
provided on:
— which method described within the document should be used for different scenarios;
— typical values for different comfort levels;
— the application of simulation.
This document excludes health and safety issues, non-passenger carrying vehicles, vehicle homologation
and safety, limit values, motion sickness, discomfort caused by accelerating and braking, design
guidelines and measurement technology.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15663, Railway applications — Vehicle reference masses
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
passenger
person travelling in a rail vehicle, without specific activities related to the transport
3.2
ride comfort
complex sensation experienced by a passenger due to motions (vibrations, roll velocities and inertia
forces etc.) transmitted through the rail vehicle body whilst running over track (see also 5.5)
3.3
interfaces
contact parts between the vehicle body or seat and the passenger with the function of sustaining and
guiding the passenger and of transmitting the weight of the passenger to the vehicle body itself, e.g. floor-
feet
3.4
mean comfort
perceived comfort level, continuously adjusted, as evaluated through measurement on a long-time basis
(at least some minutes)
3.5
continuous comfort
level of accelerations, frequency weighted continuously evaluated as a set of RMS (root mean square)
values in vertical, lateral and longitudinal direction over a short time period (typical 5 s)
3.6
comfort on curve transitions
comfort evaluation, due to a perceived curve transition, expressed as percentage of passengers feeling
uncomfortable
3.7
comfort on discrete events
comfort evaluation, due to a perceived transient acceleration, expressed as percentage of passengers
feeling uncomfortable
3.8
whole-body transmission
motion transmitted to the whole body through the interfaces between vehicle body and passenger
3.9
indirect measurement
measurement of motion environment by different motion quantities, such as acceleration or roll velocity
3.10
direct measurement
measurement of actual passenger reactions, for example by asking passengers to fill in a questionnaire
3.11
vehicle assessment with respect to ride comfort
identifying the vehicle’s contribution to the ride comfort by relating the measured ride comfort to the
condition of the track and operation condition
Note 1 to entry: conditions of track includes geometry, irregularities, turnout, bridges, etc.
Note 2 to entry: operation condition includes speed, cant deficiency, etc.
3.12
test section
part of a rail line used for the passenger comfort test
3.13
test zone
five-minute period, which is used for mean comfort evaluation
3.14
reference system
local reference system for a vehicle body defined by:
Origin: on the floor of the vehicle body, in the central position between the two body-bogie centre pivots
(existing or ideally defined)
Axis:
— x-axis: longitudinal
— y-axis: lateral
— z-axis: vertical
Roll motions (ϕ ) are defined as rotation around the x-axis
For human body reference system, a right hand system is used with vertical direction defined upwards
Note 1 to entry: A more detailed definition of the reference system is given in Annex A.
3.15
heavy rail network
conventional rail network intended for intra- and interregional and/or international transportation
3.16
unit
generic term used to name the rolling stock. It may be composed of either one vehicle or several vehicles
in a fixed formation
4 Symbols, units and abbreviations
Table 1 and Table 2 define the symbols, units and abbreviations used in this document.
Table 1 — Symbols and units – Part 1
Parameter Symbol Unit
General parameters
t
Time [s]
Time period T [s]
τ
Integration variable [s]
Vehicle speed V
[km/h]
f
Frequency [Hz]
W
Frequency weighting curve for vertical direction [-]
b
W
Frequency weighting curve for longitudinal direction (backrest) [-]
c
Frequency weighting curve for lateral/longitudinal direction W [-]
d
W
Low-pass filter [-]
p
n-tile k [-]
Parameter Symbol Unit
n
Percentile [%]
Number of samples N [-]
Imaginary unit i [-]
Root mean square RMS [-]
Constants for passenger comfort on curve transitions and discrete events
Constant in acceleration component in curve transitions A
[s /m]
Constant in acceleration component in curve transitions B
[s /m]
Constant in acceleration component in curve transitions C [-]
D
Constant in roll velocity component in curve transitions [s/rad]

Constant in roll velocity component in curve transitions E [-]
a 2
Constant in acceleration component in discrete events
[s /m]
Constant in acceleration component in discrete events b
[s /m]
c
Constant in acceleration component in discrete events [-]
Transfer functions
f
Cut-off frequencies, n = 1,2,3,4,5,6 [Hz]
n
Q
Resonant quality factors, n = 1,2,3,4 [-]
n
Gain K [-]
Hf
High pass transfer function ( ) [-]
h
Hf
Low pass transfer function ( ) [-]
l
Hf
Acceleration to velocity transfer function ( ) [-]
t
H f
Upward gradient transfer function ( ) [-]
s
Table 2 — Symbols and units – Part 2
Longitudinal Vertical
Parameter Lateral axis
axis axis
Translational accelerations in vehicle body [m/s ]
* *
 
Leading end of passenger compartment –
y z
EI EI
* *
 
Over leading bogie – y z
I I
* * *
  
Body centre x y z
M M M
* *
Over trailing bogie –
 
y z
II II
* *
Trailing end of passenger compartment –
 
y z
EII EII
Translational weighted accelerations [m/s ]
* *
 
Seat, weighted W , W x z
–
c b D,Wc A,Wb
* * *
  
W W
Vehicle body, weighted , x y z
d b P,Wd P,Wd P,Wb
*

Vehicle body, weighted W
y
– –
p P,Wp
Seat (Dossier, seat back in French, and Assise, seat
w w w
c d b
a a a
XD YA ZA
pan in French), weighted W , W , W , RMS
c d b
w w w
d d b
Floor (Plancher in French), weighted W , W , RMS

a a a
d b
XP YP ZP
w w w
th
d d b
Floor, weighted W , W , RMS, 50 percentile
a a a
d b
XP50 YP50 ZP50
w w w
th
c d b
Seat, weighted W , W , W , RMS, 95 percentile
a a a
c d b
XD95 YA95 ZA95
w w w
th
d d b
Floor, weighted W , W , RMS, 95 percentile
a a a
d b XP95 YP95 ZP95

y t
One-second average – ( ) –
ls

y t
Two-second average – ( ) –
2s

y t
Peak to peak – ( ) –
pp

y
One-second average, maximum absolute value – –
ls
max

y t
Two-second average, absolute value – ( ) –
2s
Longitudinal Vertical
Parameter Lateral axis
axis axis
Translational jerk in vehicle body [m/s ]

yt
One-second average – ( ) –
1s

y
One-second average, maximum absolute value – –
1s
max
Angular velocity in vehicle body [rad/s]
*

ϕ t
Body ( ) – –
*

Weighted W
ϕ t
– –
( )
p
Wp

ϕ t
One-second average ( ) – –
1s

ϕ
One-second average, maximum absolute value – –
1s
max
Comfort indexes [-]
Mean comfort standard method
N
MV
Mean comfort standard method, partial index
N
N N
MVy
MVx MVz
Mean comfort complete method, seated passenger
N
VA
(in French: VA = voyageur assis)
Mean comfort complete method, standing
N
VD
passenger
(in French: VD = voyageur debout)
Continuous comfort
C
C C
Cy
Cx Cz
Comfort on curve transitions –
P P
, _3s
CT CT
–
P P
CT_Rol CT_Lat
Comfort on discrete events – –
P
DE
5 General description
5.1 General
The comfort of passengers in a rail vehicle is influenced by a number of different factors (temperature,
noise, vibration, etc.). This document considers only that part of the comfort influenced by the vibrations
and motions of the vehicle. This is described as ride comfort or as passenger comfort. The methods
described in this document may also be used for vehicle evaluation with respect to ride comfort. This
document defines as the standard method:
a) the standard method for mean comfort evaluation, taking into account the effects of vibration
exposure measured on the floor of the vehicle body.
This document also defines several methods for special applications:
b) taking into account the short time effects of vibration exposure measured on the floor of the vehicle
body as continuous comfort for the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical direction;
c) taking into account the vibration exposure measured on the seat or other interfaces on ride comfort
as the complete method for mean comfort evaluation;
d) taking into account the effects of:
1) discrete events (comfort on discrete events) and
2) curve transitions (comfort on curve transitions)
on ride comfort;
e) taking into account the vibration exposure measured on the floor of the vehicle body for the purpose
of vehicle assessment with respect to ride comfort.
5.2 Passenger exposure to vibrations
Rail transport exposes passengers to vibrations related to the dynamic motions of the vehicle body.
The motions of the vehicle body transmit their effects to the human body through the following
interfaces:
a) in the standing position:
1) floor – feet
b) in the seated position:
1) headrest – head
2) arm rest – arms
3) seat – hips
4) backrest – back
5) floor – feet
The type of transmission is whole-body transmission which acts on the whole body through the
interfaces.
5.3 Application
Table 3 lists the items included or excluded from this document.
Table 3 — Items considered by this document
Item Included Excluded
Effects of — on ride comfort — on health
vibration
— on vehicle assessment with — on activities
exposure
respect to ride comfort
— on motion sickness
Vibration — on whole body through — on single body part
transfer interfaces
— on whole surface
— through floor interface
Test — definitions — notes or attributes related to
procedure service quality and/or passenger
— reference system
expectation
— requirements
— limit values
— measurement and evaluation
rules
— guidance on reporting
Posture and — standing — lying down
activities of
— seated — performing specific actions
passenger
(reading, writing etc.)
Type of — indirect measurement, i.e. — direct measurements (by asking
measurement measurement of motion test subjects)
environment by different
— combined measurements
motion quantities
5.4 Characteristics of rail vehicle motions
The basic typical motion characteristics, referred to the type of measurement and evaluation, are:
a) different properties, depending on the type of evaluation:
— quasi-stationary (mean comfort);
— non-stationary (comfort on curve transitio
...