SIST EN 50110-1:2013
(Main)Operation of electrical installations - Part 1: General requirements
Operation of electrical installations - Part 1: General requirements
This European Standard is applicable to all operation of and work activity on, with, or near electrical installations. These are electrical installations operating at voltage levels from and including extra-low voltage up to and including high voltage. This latter term includes those levels referred to as medium and extra-high voltage. These electrical installations are designed for the generation, transmission, conversion, distribution and use of electrical power. Some of these electrical installations are permanent and fixed, such as a distribution installation in a factory or office complex, others are temporary, such as on construction sites and others are mobile or capable of being moved either whilst energised or whilst not energised nor charged. Examples are electrically driven excavating machines in quarries or open-cast coal sites. This European Standard sets out the requirements for the safe operation of and work activity on, with, or near these electrical installations. The requirements apply to all operational, working and maintenance procedures. They apply to all non-electrical work activities such as building work near to overhead lines or underground cables as well as electrical work activities, when there is a risk of electrical danger. This European Standard does not apply to ordinary persons when using installations and equipment, provided that the installations and equipment comply with relevant standards and are designed and installed for use by ordinary persons. This European Standard has not been developed specifically to apply to the electrical installations listed below. However, if there are no other rules or procedures, the principles of this European Standard could be applied to them – on any aircraft and hovercraft moving under its own power, (these are subject to International Aviation laws which take precedence over national laws in these situations); – on any sea going ship moving under its own power, or under the direction of the master, (these are subject to International Marine laws which take precedence over national laws in these situations); – electronic telecommunications and information systems; – electronic instrumentation, control and automation systems; – at coal or other mines; – on off-shore installations subject to International Marine laws; – on vehicles; – on electric traction systems; – on experimental electrical research work.
Betrieb von elektrischen Anlagen - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Exploitation des installations électriques - Partie 1: Exigences générales
Obratovanje električnih postrojev – 1. del: Splošne zahteve
Ta evropski standard velja za vsa obratovanja električnih postrojev in za dela na njih ali z njimi ali v njihovi bližini. Uporablja se za električne postroje vseh napetostnih nivojev, od male napetosti do visoke napetosti.
Pojem visoke napetosti vključuje napetostne nivoje srednje, visoke in izjemno visoke napetosti.
Ti električni postroji so načrtovani za proizvodnjo, prenos, pretvarjanje, distribucijo in uporabo
električne energije. Nekateri od njih so stalni in fiksni, npr. distribucijski postroj v tovarni ali poslovni stavbi, drugi so začasni, npr. postroji na gradbiščih, tretji pa so mobilni oziroma jih je mogoče premakniti, ko so pod napetostjo ali v breznapetostnem stanju. Taki primeri so električno gnani bagerji, ki se uporabljajo v kamnolomih ali dnevnih kopih premoga.
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za varno obratovanje električnih postrojev in delo na njih ali z njimi ali v njihovi bližini. Zahteve veljajo za vse obratovalne, delovne in vzdrževalne postopke.
Uporabljajo se za vsa dela, ki niso povezana z elektrotehniko, kot so npr. gradbena dela v bližini nadzemnih vodov ali podzemnih kablov, ter tudi za elektrotehnična dela, pri katerih obstaja nevarnost udara električnega toka.
Ta evropski standard ne velja za običajne uporabnike električnih postrojev in opreme, če ti postroji in oprema izpolnjujejo zadevne standarde in so načrtovani in nameščeni tako, da jih lahko uporabljajo laiki.
Ta evropski standard ni bil izrecno izdelan za uporabo na spodaj naštetih električnih postrojih. Vendar pa se lahko uporabijo načela tega evropskega standarda, če drugi predpisi ali postopki niso na voljo, za:
– postroje v letalih ali vozilih na zračno blazino, ki se premikajo na lastni pogon (zanje veljajo
mednarodni zakoni o zračnem prometu, ki imajo v takih situacijah prednost pred nacionalnimi
zakoni),
– postroje na ladjah, ki plujejo po odprtih morjih in plujejo na lastni pogon ali po navodilih kapitana
(zanje velja mednarodno pomorsko pravo, ki ima v takih situacijah prednost pred nacionalnimi
zakoni),
– elektronske komunikacijske in informacijske sisteme,
– elektronske krmilne, regulacijske in avtomatizacijske sisteme,
– postroje v rudarstvu,
– inštalacije na morju, za katere velja mednarodno pomorsko pravo,
– inštalacije v vozilih,
– električne vlečne sisteme,
– eksperimentalno raziskovalno delo na področju elektrotehnike.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2013
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 50110-1:2007
2EUDWRYDQMHHOHNWULþQLKLQãWDODFLMGHO 6SORãQH]DKWHYH
Operation of electrical installations - Part 1: General requirements
Betrieb von elektrischen Anlagen - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Exploitation des installations électriques - Partie 1: Exigences générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 50110-1:2013
ICS:
29.240.01 2PUHåMD]DSUHQRVLQ Power transmission and
GLVWULEXFLMRHOHNWULþQHHQHUJLMH distribution networks in
QDVSORãQR general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 50110-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2013
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.240.01 Supersedes EN 50110-1:2004
English version
Operation of electrical installations -
Part 1: General requirements
Exploitation des installations électriques - Betrieb von elektrischen Anlagen -
Partie 1: Exigences générales Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2013-02-11. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 50110-1:2013 E
Contents Page
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
3.1 General . 7
3.2 Personnel, organisation and communication . 8
3.3 Working zone . 9
3.4 Working . 9
3.5 Protective devices . 10
3.6 Nominal voltages . 11
4 Basic principles . 11
4.1 Safe operation . 11
4.2 Personnel . 12
4.3 Organisation . 12
4.4 Communication (transmission of information) . 13
4.5 Work location . 14
4.6 Tools, equipment and devices . 14
4.7 Drawings and records . 15
4.8 Signs . 15
4.9 Emergency arrangements . 15
5 Operational procedures . 15
5.1 General . 15
5.2 Operating activities . 15
5.3 Functional checks . 16
6 Working procedures . 18
6.1 General . 18
6.2 Dead working . 19
6.3 Live working . 22
6.4 Working in the vicinity of live parts . 26
7 Maintenance procedures . 28
7.1 General . 28
7.2 Personnel . 28
7.3 Repair work . 29
7.4 Replacement work . 29
7.5 Temporary interruption . 30
7.6 End of maintenance work . 30
Annex A (informative) Guidance for distances in air for working procedures . 32
A.1 General . 32
A.2 Live working . 32
A.3 Work in the vicinity . 32
Annex B (informative) Additional information for safe working . 34
B.1 Example for responsibility levels . 34
B.2 Example of application of live working . 35
B.3 Atmospheric conditions that are part of environmental conditions to be assessed . 36
B.4 Fire protection – Fire fighting . 36
B.5 Work location presenting explosion risks . 37
– 3 – EN 50110-1:2013
B.6 Arc hazard . 37
B.7 Emergency arrangements . 38
Bibliography . 40
Figure 1 – Distances in air and zones for working procedures . 31
Figure 2 – Limitation of the live working zone by the use of an insulating protective device . 31
Figure B.1 – Responsibility levels . 34
Table A.1 – Guidance for distances D and D . 33
L V
Foreword
This document (EN 50110-1:2013) has been prepared by CLC/BTTF 62-3 "Operation of electrical
installations".
The following dates are fixed:
– latest date by which this document has to be implemented at (dop) 2014-02-11
national level by publication of an identical national standard
or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting with (dow) 2016-02-11
this document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 50110-1:2004.
– improvement of the definitions of persons responsible and level of responsibility;
– addition of a clause on emergency arrangements;
– addition of example of level of responsibility in Annex B;
– addition of a clause on arc hazard in Annex B;
– addition of a clause on emergency arrangements in Annex B;
– update of the normative references and of the Bibliography.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
– 5 – EN 50110-1:2013
Introduction
There are many national laws, standards and internal rules dealing with the matters coming within the
scope of EN 50110 and these practices have been taken as a basis for this work.
EN 50110 consists of two parts:
– Part 1 of EN 50110 contains minimum requirements valid for all CENELEC countries and some
additional informative annexes dealing with safe working on, with, or near electrical installations;
– Part 2 of EN 50110 consists of a set of normative annexes (one per country) which either specify the
present safety requirements or give the national supplements to these minimum requirements.
This concept is still believed to be a decisive step to the gradual alignment in Europe of the safety levels
associated with the operation of, work activity on, with, or near electrical installations. This document
acknowledges the present different national requirements for safety. The intention is, over the course of
time, to create a common level of safety.
Even the best rules and procedures are of no value unless all persons working on, with, or near electrical
installations are thoroughly conversant with them and with all legal requirements and comply strictly with
them.
1 Scope
This European Standard is applicable to all operation of and work activity on, with, or near electrical
installations. These are electrical installations operating at voltage levels from and including extra-low
voltage up to and including high voltage.
This latter term includes those levels referred to as medium and extra-high voltage.
These electrical installations are designed for the generation, transmission, conversion, distribution and
use of electrical power. Some of these electrical installations are permanent and fixed, such as a
distribution installation in a factory or office complex, others are temporary, such as on construction sites
and others are mobile or capable of being moved either whilst energised or whilst not energised nor
charged. Examples are electrically driven excavating machines in quarries or open-cast coal sites.
This European Standard sets out the requirements for the safe operation of and work activity on, with, or
near these electrical installations. The requirements apply to all operational, working and maintenance
procedures. They apply to all non-electrical work activities such as building work near to overhead lines or
underground cables as well as electrical work activities, when there is a risk of electrical danger.
This European Standard does not apply to ordinary persons when using installations and equipment,
provided that the installations and equipment comply with relevant standards and are designed and
installed for use by ordinary persons.
This European Standard has not been developed specifically to apply to the electrical installations listed
below. However, if there are no other rules or procedures, the principles of this European Standard could
be applied to them
– on any aircraft and hovercraft moving under its own power, (these are subject to International Aviation
laws which take precedence over national laws in these situations);
– on any sea going ship moving under its own power, or under the direction of the master, (these are
subject to International Marine laws which take precedence over national laws in these situations);
– electronic telecommunications and information systems;
– electronic instrumentation, control and automation systems;
– at coal or other mines;
– on off-shore installations subject to International Marine laws;
– on vehicles;
– on electric traction systems;
– on experimental electrical research work.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 50191, Erection and operation of electrical test equipment
EN 61219, Live working – Earthing or earthing and short-circuiting equipment using lances as short-
circuiting device – Lance earthing (IEC 61219)
EN 61230, Live working – Portable equipment for earthing or earthing and short-circuiting (IEC 61230)
EN 61243 (all parts), Live working – Voltage detectors (IEC 61243, all parts)
EN 61472, Live working - Minimum approach distances for a.c. systems in the voltage range 72,5 kV to
800 kV – A method of calculation (IEC 61472)
– 7 – EN 50110-1:2013
EN 62271-1, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1: Common specifications (IEC 62271-1)
EN 62271-102, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 102: Alternating current disconnectors and
earthing switches (IEC 62271-102)
IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at www.electropedia.org)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050 and the following apply.
NOTE The terms and definitions from IEC 60050 are available online at www.electropedia.org. See also “Electropedia” or
“Glossary” on www.iec.ch website.
3.1 General
3.1.1
electrical installation
all the electrical equipment that is used for the generation, transmission, conversion, distribution and use
of electrical energy
Note 1 to entry: It includes energy sources such as batteries, capacitors and all other sources of stored electrical energy.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-04 modified]
3.1.2
operation
all activities including work activities necessary to permit the electrical installation to function
Note 1 to entry: These activities include such matters as switching, controlling, monitoring verification of the electrical
installation, inspection and maintenance. These activities include both electrical and non-electrical work.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-05 modified]
3.1.3
risk
combination of the probability and the degree of the possible injury or damage to health of a person
exposed to a hazard or to hazards
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-31 modified]
3.1.4
electrical hazard
source of possible injury or damage to health in presence of electrical energy from an electrical installation
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-30 modified]
3.1.5
electrical danger
risk of injury from an electrical origin
3.1.6
electrical injury
death or personal injury from electric shock, electric burn, arcing, or from fire or explosion initiated by
electrical energy caused by any operation of an electrical installation
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-32 modified]
3.2 Personnel, organisation and communication
3.2.1
person responsible for an electrical installation
nominated person with the overall responsibility to ensure the safe operation of the electrical installation by
setting rules and organisation or framework
Note 1 to entry: This person can be the owner, employer, proprietor or a delegated person.
Note 2 to entry: Some of these duties can be delegated to others as required. For large or complex electrical installations or
networks, the duties can be delegated for parts of the installations or the network (see 4.3).
Note 3 to entry: See Figure B.1, classification a).
3.2.2
nominated person in control of an electrical installation during work activities
person who is responsible during work activities for the safe operation of the electrical installation
Note 1 to entry: This person has to judge the possible effects of the work activities on the electrical installation or parts of it
which are in his responsibility and the effects of the electrical installation on persons carrying out the work activities. Some of these
duties can be delegated to others as required (see 4.3).
Note 2 to entry: See Figure B.1, classification b).
3.2.3
nominated person in control of a work activity
person nominated with the ultimate responsibility for the work activity at work location
Note 1 to entry: Some of these duties can be delegated to others as required (see 4.3).
Note 2 to entry: See Figure B.1, classification c).
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-36 modified]
3.2.4
skilled person (electrically)
person with relevant education, knowledge and experience to enable him or her to analyse risks and to
avoid hazards which electricity could create
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-826:2004, IEV 826-18-01 modified]
3.2.5
instructed person
person adequately advised by a skilled person to enable him or her to avoid dangers which electricity may
create
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-826:2004, IEV 826-18-02 modified]
3.2.6
ordinary person
person who is neither a skilled person nor an instructed person
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-826:2004, IEV 826-18-03]
3.2.7
notification
messages or instructions which are either verbal or in writing associated with operation of any electrical
installation
– 9 – EN 50110-1:2013
3.3 Working zone
3.3.1
work location
site(s), place(s) or area(s) where a work activity is to be, is being, or has been carried out
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-08 modified]
3.3.2
live working zone
space around live parts in which the insulation level to prevent electrical danger is not assured when
reaching into or entering it without protective measures
Note 1 to entry: The outer limit of the live working zone is denoted as the distance D (see Figures 1 and 2).
L
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-06 modified]
3.3.3
vicinity zone
limited space outside the live working zone
Note 1 to entry: The outer limit of the vicinity zone is denoted as the distance D (see Figures 1 and 2).
V
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-07 modified]
3.4 Working
3.4.1
work activity
any form of electrical or non-electrical work where there is the possibility of an electrical hazard
3.4.2
electrical work
work on, with or near an electrical installation such as testing and measurement, repairing, replacing,
modifying, extending, erecting, maintaining and inspecting
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-12 modified]
3.4.3
non-electrical work
work near to an electrical installation such as construction, excavation, cleaning, painting, etc.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-13 modified]
3.4.4
live working
all work in which a worker deliberately makes contact with live parts or reaches into the live working zone
with either parts of his or her body or with tools, equipment or devices being handled
Note 1 to entry: At low voltage, live working is carried out by the worker, when making contact with bare live parts. At high
voltage, live working is carried out by the worker, when entering the live working zone, regardless of whether contact is made with
bare live parts or not.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-01 modified]
3.4.5
working in the vicinity of live parts
all work activity in which a worker with part of his or her body, with a tool or with any other object enters
into the vicinity zone without encroaching into the live working zone
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-02 modified]
3.4.6
isolate
disconnect completely a device or circuit from other devices and circuits by creating a physical separation
able to withstand the anticipated voltage differences between the device or circuit and other circuits
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, IEV 151-15-37 modified]
3.4.7
dead
at or about zero voltage that is without voltage and/or charge present
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-15 modified]
3.4.8
dead working
work activity on electrical installations, which are neither live nor charged, carried out after having taken all
measures to prevent electrical danger
3.4.9
authorisation
formal approval in writing or instruction
3.4.10
permission to start work
direct instruction to the workers at work location to commence work after all safety measures are taken
3.5 Protective devices
3.5.1
screen
any device, which may be insulated or not, which is used to prevent approach to any equipment or part of
electrical installation which presents electrical danger
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-29 modified]
3.5.2
barrier
part providing protection against direct contact from any usual direction of access
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-826:2004, IEV 826-12-23]
3.5.3
insulating covering
rigid or flexible cover made of insulating material used to cover live and/or unenergised parts and/or
adjacent parts in order to prevent accidental contact
– 11 – EN 50110-1:2013
3.5.4
enclosure
part providing protection of equipment against certain external influences and, in any direction, protection
against direct contact
3.5.5
voltage detector
portable device used to detect reliably the presence or the absence of the operating voltage and used to
verify that the installation is ready for earthing
Note 1 to entry: These devices are generally described as either capacitive types or resistive types.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-10-04]
3.5.6
portable equipment for earthing and short-circuiting
equipment that is portable and is manually connected with insulating component(s) to parts of an
electrical installation for earthing and short-circuiting purposes
Note 1 to entry: This equipment comprises earthing components, short-circuiting components and one or more insulating
components, for instance earthing sticks.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-14-01]
3.6 Nominal voltages
3.6.1
extra-low voltage
ELV
normally not exceeding 50 V alternating current (a.c.) or 120 V ripple free direct current (d.c.) whether
between conductors or to earth
Note 1 to entry: This includes SELV, PELV and FELV (see HD 60364-4-41).
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-826:2004, IEV 826-12-30 modified]
3.6.2
low voltage
LV
normally not exceeding 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, IEV 151-15-03 modified]
3.6.3
high voltage
HV
normally exceeding 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c.
4 Basic principles
4.1 Safe operation
Before carrying out any operation on an electrical installation an assessment of the electrical risks shall be
made. This assessment shall specify how the operation shall be carried out and what safety measures
and precautions are to be implemented to ensure safety.
4.2 Personnel
The responsibilities placed upon persons for the safety of those engaged in a work activity and those who
are or may be affected by the work activity shall be in accordance with national legislation.
All personnel involved in a work activity on, with, or near an electrical installation shall be instructed in the
safety requirements, safety rules and company instructions applicable to their work. These instructions
shall be repeated during the course of the work where the work activity is of long duration or is complex.
The personnel involved shall be required to comply with these requirements, rules and instructions.
Personnel shall wear clothing suitable for the locations and conditions where they are working. This could
include the use of close-fitting clothing or additional PPE (personal protective equipment).
Before any work activity is started and during that work activity, the nominated person in control of a work
activity shall ensure that all relevant requirements, rules and instructions are complied with.
The nominated person in control of a work activity shall instruct all persons engaged upon the work
activities of all reasonably foreseeable dangers that are not immediately apparent to them.
No person shall undertake any work activity where technical knowledge or experience is needed to
prevent electrical danger or injury, unless that person has such technical knowledge or experience, or is
under such supervision as is necessary for the work undertaken.
National legislation can set out the minimum age and the criteria for competence of persons.
Where there are no national requirements for competence, the following criteria shall be used in
assessing the competence of persons:
– knowledge of electricity;
– experience of electrical work;
– understanding of the installation to be worked on and practical experience of that work;
– understanding the hazards which can arise during the work and the precautions to be observed;
– ability to recognise at all times whether it is safe to continue working.
The complexity of the work activity shall be assessed before the activity starts such that the appropriate
choice of skilled, instructed, or ordinary person is made for carrying out the work activity.
4.3 Organisation
4.3.1 Each electrical installation shall be placed under the responsibility of a person, the person
responsible for an electrical installation.
In absence of national regulations, the following applies:
The person responsible for an electrical installation can be a natural person from the own organisation or
a third party organisation. In the case of a person from another organisation, it is recommended to
document the nomination, the part of the installation the person is responsible for and the timescale of
nomination in writing.
The person responsible for an electrical installation can delegate a part of his duties to other persons. This
should be documented.
Nominated persons in control of an electrical installation during work activities shall control their part of the
installation giving authorisation to the nominated person in control of a work activity.
– 13 – EN 50110-1:2013
The nominated person in control of an electrical installation during work activities can for assistance
delegate some of his duties to other persons as required.
The duties of the person responsible for an electrical installation, the nominated person in control of an
electrical installation during work activities and nominated person in control of a work activity may be
combined in a single person.
Where two or more installations come together, it is essential that there are formal arrangements for
consultation and cooperation between the nominated persons responsible for an electrical installation of
each of those installations to ensure safety.
Access to all places where ordinary persons are exposed to electrical hazards shall be regulated. The
method of regulation and control of access shall be the responsibility of the nominated person responsible
for an electrical installation and shall comply with any national requirements.
Each work activity shall be the responsibility of the nominated person in control of a work activity. Where
the work activity is subdivided, it may be necessary to nominate a person to be responsible for the safety
of each subdivision, all under the responsibility of one coordinating person.
The nominated person in control of a work activity and the nominated person in control of an electrical
installation during work activities shall agree both the arrangements of the electrical system to allow the
work to take place and a description of the work activity on, with or near the electrical installation before
any changes to the arrangements of the electrical installation are made or work takes place.
Where the work activity is complex, the preparation shall be made in writing.
4.3.2 Any skilled person can specify how the work shall be carried out safely in non-complex installations
or non-complex parts of installations under clearly understood or non-complex circumstances and
a) either where non-complex work activities are to take place,
b) or in maintenance work, which is done according to agreed procedures.
4.3.3 There shall be arrangements in place such that any worker who objects for reasons of safety to
carrying out any instruction or work activity can report those objections immediately to the nominated
person in control of a work activity. That nominated person shall have the matters investigated, and if
necessary consult a higher authority for a decision.
4.4 Communication (transmission of information)
This includes every way in which information is passed or exchanged between persons i.e. by spoken
word (including telephone, personal radio, and person to person), in writing (including, e. g. fax or e-mail),
and visually (including visual display units, warning panels, lights etc.).
Before any work activity starts, the nominated person in control of an electrical installation during work
activities shall be informed of the intended work.
All necessary information such as network arrangements, the status of switchgear (on, off, earthed), and
the position of safety devices, to permit safe operation of the electrical installation shall be transmitted by a
notification.
Where it is necessary to use other means of transmitting information, for example radio signals,
computers, lights, etc. such means shall only be used when precautions are taken and are in place to
ensure that the information path is reliable and that no misunderstandings can arise or false signals are
given.
All notifications shall include the name and, if necessary, the location of the person providing the
information.
To avoid errors when information is transmitted verbally the recipient shall repeat the information back to
the sender, who shall confirm it has been correctly received and understood.
Permission to start work and re-energising of the electrical installation on completion of work that is
controlled by signals or prearranged understanding after an agreed interval of time shall not be permitted.
In the case of the personnel in a work location speaking different languages, and to ensure understanding
and comprehensibility, the agreed language that relevant parties understand shall be granted in advance.
4.5 Work location
The work location shall be defined and marked clearly. Adequate working space, means of access and
lighting shall be provided at all parts of an electrical installation on, with, or near which any work activity is
to be carried out. Where necessary the safe access to the work location shall be clearly marked.
Suitable precautions shall be taken to prevent injury to persons from other hazards that are present in the
work location and work activity such as mechanical or pressure systems or falls.
Objects which impede access and/or flammable materials shall not be placed adjacent to nor in or on
access ways, escape routes to and from electrical switchgear and controlgear nor in those areas where
personnel have to operate that equipment. Flammable materials stored next to or adjacent to electrical
plant shall be kept away from all sources of ignition.
4.6 Tools, equipment and devices
Tools, equipment and devices shall comply with the requirements of relevant European, National or
International Standards where these exist.
EXAMPLES Examples of tools, equipment and devices are:
– insulating boots, gloves and overshoes;
– eye or face protection;
– head protection;
– suitable protective clothing;
– insulating mats, platforms and stands;
– insulating flexible and rigid screening materials;
– insulated and insulating tools;
– operating poles and rods;
– locks, notices, signs;
– voltage detectors and voltage detecting systems;
– cable locating equipment;
– earthing and short-circuiting equipment;
– barriers, flags, supports.
Tools, equipment and devices shall be used in accordance with the instructions and/or guidance provided
by the manufacturer or supplier. These instructions and/or guidance shall be in the language or languages
of the country of use.
– 15 – EN 50110-1:2013
Any tools, equipment and devices provided for the purpose of safe operation of, or work on, with, or near
electrical installations shall be suitable for that use, be maintained in a condition suitable for that use, and
be properly used.
NOTE 1 "Maintained in a condition suitable for use" means periodic visual inspections and electrical testing where necessary
including after repairs and/or modification to verify the electrical integrity and mechanical properties of the tools, equipment and
devices.
NOTE 2 Equipment includes personal protective equipment.
All special tools, equipment and devices used during operation of or work on, with, or near an electrical
installation shall be properly stored.
4.7 Drawings and records
There shall be available up-to-date drawings and records for the electrical installation.
4.8 Signs
When necessary, during any work or operations adequate signs shall be displayed to draw attention to
any relevant hazard. The signs shall comply with relevant European, National or International Standards
where these exist.
4.9 Emergency arrangements
Suitable emergency arrangements shall be developed and implemented by the person overall responsible
for electrical installations and safety at work for the case an electrical accident or incident takes place. For
some guidelines, see B.7.
A sufficient number of persons who are required to work on with or near an electrical installation shall be
provided with training and information so that they are able to give appropriate first aid treatment for
electric shock and/or burns. It is recommended that guidance on first aid be provided on posters or charts
displayed at the work location or in leaflets or safety documents issued to workers as appropriate to the
circumstances
5 Operational procedures
5.1 General
In the case of activities as specified in 5.2 and 5.3, as appropriate, suitable tools and equipment shall be
used so that electrical danger to persons is prevented. These activities shall be subject to agreement of
the nominated person responsible for an electrical installation or if necessary the nominated person in
control of an electrical installation during work activities. The nominated person responsible for an
electrical installation or if necessary the nominated person in control of an electrical installation during
work activities shall be informed when those agreed operational procedures have been completed.
5.2 Operating activities
5.2.1 Operating activities are designed to change the electrical state of an electrical installation.
There are two kinds of operating activities:
– operations intended to modify the electrical state of an electrical installation, to use an equipment,
connect, disconnect, start or stop equipment designed to be used without risks so far as is
reasonably practical;
– disconnecting or reconnecting installations for working.
Operating activities may be carried out locally or by remote control.
5.2.2 Disconnecting before or reconnecting after dead working shall be carried out by skilled or
instructed persons as prescribed in 6.2.
5.2.3 Means for cutting off supply of electricity to equipment in an emergency shall be provided in
accordance with national or local requirements.
5.2.4 Only skilled or instructed persons shall carry out emergency operations on electrical distribution
installations.
5.2.5 If an earth fault is not disconnected on an electrical installation with a rated operating voltage
exceeding 1 kV, measures shall be taken to locate the earth fault and adequate safety measures shall be
taken for the protection and safety of personnel.
NOTE The adequate measures to be taken are dependent on the technology used and the design of the installation.
5.3 Functional checks
5.3.1 Measurement
5.3.1.1 In this European Standard, measurement is defined as all activities to measure physical data
within electrical installations. Only skilled or instructed persons, or ordinary persons under the immediate
control or supervision of a skilled person shall carry out measurement.
5.3.1.2 When carrying out measurements within electrical installations, suitable and safe measuring
instruments shall be used. These instruments shall be checked before use and where necessary after
use.
5.3.1.3 Where there is a risk of contact with bare live parts, the personnel carrying out the
measurements shall use personal protective equipment and take precautions against electric shocks, and
the effects of short circuit and arcing.
5.3.1.4 Where necessary, the rules for dead working (6.2), live working (6.3) or working in the vicinity of
live parts (6.4) shall apply.
5.3.2 Testing
5.3.2.1 Testing includes all activities designed to check the operation or the electrical, mechanical or
thermal condition of an electrical installation. Testing includes also activities to prove the effectiveness of,
for example, electrical protective and safety circuits. Testing may include measurement activities that shall
be carried out according to 5.3.1. Testing shall be carried out by skilled or instructed persons, or ordinary
persons under the immediate control or supervision of a skilled person only.
5.3.2.2 Testing an installation that has been made dead shall be carried out in accordance with the rules
of dead working. If it is necessary to open or remove earthing and short-circuiting devices, suitable
precautions shall be taken to prevent the installation being re-energised from any possible source of
supply and to prevent electric shock for the personnel.
5.3.2.3 When testing under normal supply the relevant requirements of 6.1, 6.3 and 6.4 shall apply.
– 17 – EN 50110-1:2013
5.3.2.4 When testing using an external source of supply precautions shall be taken to ensure that
– the installation is isolated from any possible normal source of supply (see 6.2.2),
– the installation cannot be re-energised by any other source of supply than a dedicated external source
of supply,
– safety measures against electrical hazards are taken during the tests for all the personnel present,
– the points of disconnection have adequate insulation characteristics to withstand simultaneous
application of the test voltage on one side with working voltage on the other side.
5.3.2.5 Some specialised forms of electrical tests, for example in high voltage test laboratories, where
bare live parts are exposed shall be carried out by skilled persons who have received appropriate
specialised training. Additional protective precautions based on EN 50191 and Clause 6 of this European
Standard shall be implemented as necessary.
5.3.3 Inspection
5.3.3.1 The purpose of inspection is to verify that an electrical installation is in accordance with safety
regulations and the specified technical requirements of the relevant standards; the inspection may include
verification of the normal state of that installation. New electrical installations as well as modifications and
extensions of existing installations shall be inspected prior to their being brought into operation. Electrical
installations shall be inspected at suitable intervals. The purpose of periodic inspections is to discover
defects that can occur after commissioning and may impede the operation or generate hazards.
5.3.3.2 The inspection may include
– visual examination,
– measuring and/or testing in accordance with the requirements of 5.3.1 and 5.3.2.
5.3.3.3 Inspections shall be carried out with reference to relevant electrical drawings (see 4.7) and
specifications.
5.3.3.4 If defects constitute an immediate danger, these shall be rectified without delay, or these faulty
parts shall be disconnected without delay and secured against reconnection.
5.3.3.5 Inspections shall be carried out by skilled persons with experience in the inspection of similar
installations. Inspections shall be carried out with suitable equipment in such a way as to prevent danger
whilst taking into account, if necessary, the constraints imposed by the presence of bare live parts.
5.3.3.6 The result of an inspection shall be recorded. Suitable corresponding remedial actions shall be
taken where necessary and the results recorded in accordan
...
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 50110-1
STANDARD
maj 2013
Obratovanje električnih postrojev – 1. del: Splošne zahteve
Operation of electrical installations – Part 1: General requirements
Exploitation des installations électriques – Partie 1: Exigences générales
Betrieb von elektrischen Anlagen – Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Referenčna oznaka
ICS 29.240.01 SIST EN 50110-1:2013 (sl)
Nadaljevanje na straneh II in III ter od 1 do 39
© 2015-07. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
NACIONALNI UVOD
Standard SIST EN 50110-1 (sl), Obratovanje električnih postrojev – 1. del: Splošne zahteve, 2013,
ima status slovenskega standarda in je enakovreden evropskemu standardu EN 50110-1 (en),
Operation of electrical installations – Part 1: General requirements, 2013.
NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Evropski standard EN 50110-1:2013 je pripravila evropska delovna skupina CLC/BTTF 62-3
Obratovanje električnih postrojev. V tem delu so podani minimalne zahteve, ki veljajo v vseh državah
CENELEC, in nekateri informativni dodatki o varnem delu na električnih postrojih ali v njihovi bližini.
Drugi del je zbirka posebnih nacionalnih določil posameznih držav članic ter zajema vse njihove
posebne tehnične in zakonodajne zahteve.
Slovenski standard SIST EN 50110-1:2013 je prevod evropskega standarda EN 50110-1:2013. V
primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem standardu je odločilen izvirni evropski
standard v angleškem jeziku. Slovensko izdajo standarda je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/TC DPN
Delo pod napetostjo.
Tehnični odbor SIST/TC DPN je bil ustanovljen leta 2007, ko je v podjetjih postala prisotnejša potreba
po delu pod napetostjo. Pred tem so slovenski strokovnjaki spremljali to področje v okviru tehničnega
odbora za nizkonapetostne inštalacije, SIST/TC ELI. Pri elektrotehniški terminologiji so prednostno
uporabljeni izrazi iz najnovejših prevodov ustreznih poglavij mednarodnega elektrotehniškega
slovarja, posebej SIST IEC 60050-826:2006, Mednarodni elektrotehniški slovar – 826. del: Električne
inštalacije. Prevodi vseh definicij v standardu SIST EN 50110-1:2013 in raba izrazov, ki se nanašajo
na področje električnih postrojev, so poenoteni s tem prevodom slovarja.
Na področju varstva pri delu je mnogo izrazov vzetih iz obstoječe zakonodaje področja, predvsem iz
Pravilnika o varstvu pri delu pred nevarnostjo električnega toka, Uradni list RS, št. 29/1992.
Odločitev za izdajo tega standarda je v aprilu 2013 sprejel SIST/TC DPN.
ZVEZA Z NACIONALNIMI STANDARDI
S privzemom tega evropskega standarda veljajo za omenjeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen tistih, ki so že sprejeti v nacionalno standardizacijo:
SIST EN 50191 Namestitev in delovanje električne preskusne opreme
SIST EN 61219 Delo pod napetostjo – Oprema za ozemljitev ali ozemljitev in kratkostičenje,
ki kot kratkostično napravo uporablja ozemljitveno palico – Ozemljitev z
ozemljitveno palico (IEC 61219)
SIST EN 61230 Delo pod napetostjo – Prenosna oprema za ozemljitev ali ozemljitev in
kratkostičenje (IEC 61230)
SIST EN 61243 (vsi deli) Delo pod napetostjo – Detektorji napetosti (IEC 61243, vsi deli)
SIST EN 61472 Delo pod napetostjo – Najmanjše delovne razdalje za omrežja z izmenično
napetostjo v območju napetosti 72,5 kV do 800 kV – Metoda izračuna (IEC
61472)
SIST EN 62271-1 Visokonapetostne stikalne in krmilne naprave – 1. del: Skupne specifikacije
EN 62271-102 Visokonapetostne stikalne in krmilne naprave – 102. del: Visokonapetostni
ločilniki na izmenični tok in ozemljitvena stikala (IEC 62271-102)
IEC 60050 (vsi deli) Mednarodni elektrotehniški slovar (na voljo na www.electropedia.org)
II
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA
– privzem standarda EN 50110-1:2013
PREDHODNE IZDAJE
– SIST EN 50110-1:2007
OPOMBE
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz “evropski standard”, v SIST EN 50110-1:
2013 to pomeni “slovenski standard”.
– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.
– Ta nacionalni dokument je enakovreden EN 50110-1:2013 in je objavljen z dovoljenjem
CENELEC
Avenue Marnix 17
B - 1000 Bruselj
Belgija
This national document is identical with EN 50110-1:2013 and is published with the permission of
CENELEC
Avenue Marnix 17
B - 1000 Brussels
Belgium
III
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
(prazna stran)
IV
EVROPSKI STANDARD EN 50110-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM marec 2013
ICS 29.240.01 Nadomešča EN 50110-1:2004
Slovenska izdaja
Obratovanje električnih postrojev – 1. del: Splošne zahteve
Operation of electrical installations Exploitation des installations Betrieb von elektrischen Anlagen –
– Part 1: General requirements électriques – Partie 1: Exigences Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
générales
Ta evropski standard je CENELEC sprejel 11. februarja 2013. Člani CENELEC morajo izpolnjevati
notranje predpise CEN/CENELEC, ki določajo pogoje, pod katerimi dobi ta standard status
nacionalnega standarda brez kakršnih koli sprememb.
Najnovejši seznami teh nacionalnih standardov in njihovi bibliografski podatki se na zahtevo lahko
dobijo pri Upravnem centru CEN-CENELEC ali katerem koli članu CENELEC.
Ta evropski standard obstaja v treh uradnih izdajah (angleški, francoski in nemški). Izdaje v drugih
jezikih, ki jih člani CENELEC na lastno odgovornost prevedejo in izdajo ter prijavijo pri Upravnem
centru CEN-CENELEC, veljajo kot uradne izdaje.
Člani CENELEC so nacionalni elektrotehniški komiteji Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke
republike, Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Hrvaške, Islandije, Irske, Italije, Latvije, Litve,
Luksemburga, Madžarske, Malte, Nekdanje jugoslovanske republike Makedonije, Nemčije,
Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije, Slovaške, Slovenije, Španije, Švedske,
Švice, Turčije in Združenega kraljestva.
CENELEC
Evropski komite za standardizacijo v elektrotehniki
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Upravni center: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 10000 Bruselj
© 2013 CENELEC. Lastnice avtorskih pravic so vse države članice CENELEC. Ref. oznaka EN 50110-1:2013 E
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
VSEBINA Stran
Predgovor . 4
Uvod . 5
1 Področje uporabe . 6
2 Zveza s standardi . 6
3 Definicije . 7
3.1 Splošno . 7
3.2 Osebje, organizacija in komunikacije . 8
3.3 Območje izvajanja dela . 9
3.4 Delo . 9
3.5 Zaščitne naprave .10
3.6 Nazivne napetosti .11
4 Temeljna načela .11
4.1 Varno obratovanje .11
4.2 Osebje .12
4.3 Organizacija .12
4.4 Komunikacija (posredovanje informacij) .13
4.5 Mesto izvajanja dela .14
4.6 Orodje, oprema in naprave .14
4.7 Vezalne sheme in dokumentacija .15
4.8 Oznake .15
4.9 Ukrepi v izrednih razmerah .15
5 Obratovalni postopki .15
5.1 Splošno .15
5.2 Stikalni postopki (manipulacije) .15
5.3 Funkcionalna preverjanja .16
6 Delovni postopki .17
6.1 Splošno .17
6.2 Delo v breznapetostnem stanju .18
6.3 Delo pod napetostjo .21
6.4 Delo v bližini delov pod napetostjo .25
7 Postopki vzdrževanja .27
7.1 Splošno .27
7.2 Osebje . 27
7.3 Popravila .28
7.4 Zamenjevanje .28
7.5 Začasna prekinitev dela .29
7.6 Končanje vzdrževalnih del .29
Dodatek A (informativni): Orientacijske vrednosti za zračne razdalje za delovne postopke .31
A.1 Splošno .31
A.2 Delo pod napetostjo .31
A.3 Delo v bližini delov pod napetostjo.31
Dodatek B (informativni): Dodatne informacije za varno delo .33
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
B.1 Primer ravni odgovornosti .33
B.2 Primer uporabe dela pod napetostjo .34
B.3 Vremenski pogoji kot del okoljskih pogojev, ki jih je treba oceniti .34
B.4 Požarna zaščita – gašenje požarov .35
B.5 Mesto izvajanja dela, kjer obstaja tveganje za eksplozijo .35
B.6 Nevarnosti obloka .36
B.7 Ukrepanje v izrednih razmerah .37
Literatura .38
Slika 1: Zračne razdalje in območja delovnih postopkov .30
Slika 2: Omejitev območja dela pod napetostjo z uporabo izolacijske zaščitne naprave .30
Slika B.1: Ravni odgovornosti .33
Preglednica A.1: Orientacijske vrednosti za razdalji D in D .32
L V
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
Predgovor
Ta dokument (EN 50110-1:2013) je pripravil tehnični odbor CLC/BTTF 62-3 Obratovanje električnih
inštalacij.
Določena sta bila naslednja datuma:
– zadnji datum, do katerega mora EN dobiti status
nacionalnega standarda bodisi z objavo istovetnega besedila
ali z razglasitvijo (dop) 2014-02-11
– zadnji datum, ko je treba razveljaviti nacionalne standarde,
ki so z EN v nasprotju (dow) 2016-02-11
Ta dokument nadomešča EN 50110-1:2004.
– izboljšanje definicij odgovornih oseb in ravni odgovornosti,
– dodana točka o ravnanju v izrednih razmerah,
– dodan primer ravni odgovornosti v dodatku B,
– dodana točka o ogroženosti zaradi obloka v dodatku B,
– dodana točka o ravnanju v izrednih razmerah v dodatku B,
– posodobitev sklicevanj na standarde in literature.
Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da je lahko nekaj elementov tega mednarodnega standarda predmet
patentnih pravic. CENELEC in/ali CEN] ne prevzema odgovornosti za identifikacijo katerihkoli ali vseh
takih patentnih pravic.
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
Uvod
Zadeve, ki sodijo v področje uporabe EN 50110, obravnavajo številni nacionalni zakoni, standardi in
interna pravila, ki so bili upoštevani kot podlaga za pripravo tega standarda.
EN 50110 je sestavljen iz dveh delov:
– 1. del EN 50110 vsebuje minimalne zahteve, ki veljajo v vseh državah CENELEC, in nekatere
informativne dodatke o varnem delu na električnih postrojih ali v njihovi bližini;
– 2. del EN 50110 sestavlja zbirka normativnih dodatkov (po eden za vsako državo), ki bodisi
vsebujejo sedaj veljavne varnostne zahteve ali navajajo nacionalna dopolnila k tem minimalnim
zahtevam.
Ta koncept pomeni odločilen korak pri postopnem približevanju varnostnim ravnem v Evropi, ki so
povezane z obratovanjem električnih postrojev in delu na njih ali z njimi ali v njihovi bližini. Ta
dokument upošteva sedanje različne nacionalne varnostne zahteve. Namen je s časom ustvariti
enotno raven varnosti.
A celo najboljša pravila in postopki nimajo nobene vrednosti, če vse osebe, ki delajo na električnih
postrojih ali z njimi ali v njihovi bližini, niso dobro in v celoti seznanjene z njimi in z vsemi
zakonodajnimi zahtevami in jih tudi dosledno upoštevajo.
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
1 Področje uporabe
Ta evropski standard velja za vsa obratovanja električnih postrojev in za dela na njih ali z njimi ali v
njihovi bližini. Uporablja se za električne postroje vseh napetostnih nivojev, od male napetosti do
visoke napetosti.
Pojem visoke napetosti vključuje napetostne nivoje srednje, visoke in izjemno visoke napetosti.
Ti električni postroji so načrtovani za proizvodnjo, prenos, pretvarjanje, distribucijo in uporabo
električne energije. Nekateri od njih so stalni in fiksni, npr. distribucijski postroj v tovarni ali poslovni
stavbi, drugi so začasni, npr. postroji na gradbiščih, tretji pa so mobilni oziroma jih je mogoče
premakniti, ko so pod napetostjo ali v breznapetostnem stanju. Taki primeri so električno gnani
bagerji, ki se uporabljajo v kamnolomih ali dnevnih kopih premoga.
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za varno obratovanje električnih postrojev in delo na njih ali z
njimi ali v njihovi bližini. Zahteve veljajo za vse obratovalne, delovne in vzdrževalne postopke.
Uporabljajo se za vsa dela, ki niso povezana z elektrotehniko, kot so npr. gradbena dela v bližini
nadzemnih vodov ali podzemnih kablov, ter tudi za elektrotehnična dela, pri katerih obstaja nevarnost
udara električnega toka.
Ta evropski standard ne velja za običajne uporabnike električnih postrojev in opreme, če ti postroji in
oprema izpolnjujejo zadevne standarde in so načrtovani in nameščeni tako, da jih lahko uporabljajo
laiki.
Ta evropski standard ni bil izrecno izdelan za uporabo na spodaj naštetih električnih postrojih. Vendar
pa se lahko uporabijo načela tega evropskega standarda, če drugi predpisi ali postopki niso na voljo,
za:
– postroje v letalih ali vozilih na zračno blazino, ki se premikajo na lastni pogon (zanje veljajo
mednarodni zakoni o zračnem prometu, ki imajo v takih situacijah prednost pred nacionalnimi
zakoni),
– postroje na ladjah, ki plujejo po odprtih morjih in plujejo na lastni pogon ali po navodilih kapitana
(zanje velja mednarodno pomorsko pravo, ki ima v takih situacijah prednost pred nacionalnimi
zakoni),
– elektronske komunikacijske in informacijske sisteme,
– elektronske krmilne, regulacijske in avtomatizacijske sisteme,
– postroje v rudarstvu,
– inštalacije na morju, za katere velja mednarodno pomorsko pravo,
– inštalacije v vozilih,
– električne vlečne sisteme,
– eksperimentalno raziskovalno delo na področju elektrotehnike.
2 Zveze s standardi
Za uporabo tega standarda so nujno potrebni naslednji navedeni dokumenti. Pri datiranih sklicevanjih se
uporablja zgolj navedena izdaja. Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja zadnja izdaja navedenega
dokumenta (vključno z dopolnili).
EN 50191 Namestitev in delovanje električne preskusne opreme
EN 61219 Delo pod napetostjo – Oprema za ozemljitev ali ozemljitev in kratkostičenje,
ki kot kratkostično napravo uporablja ozemljitveno palico – Ozemljitev z
ozemljitveno palico (IEC 61219)
EN 61230 Delo pod napetostjo – Prenosna oprema za ozemljitev ali ozemljitev in
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
kratkostičenje (IEC 61230)
EN 61243 (vsi deli) Delo pod napetostjo – Detektorji napetosti (IEC 61243, vsi deli)
EN 61472 Delo pod napetostjo – Najmanjše delovne razdalje za omrežja z izmenično
napetostjo v območju napetosti 72,5 kV do 800 kV – Metoda izračuna (IEC
61472)
EN 62271-1 Visokonapetostne stikalne in krmilne naprave – 1. del: Skupne specifikacije
EN 62271-102 Visokonapetostne stikalne in krmilne naprave – 102. del: Visokonapetostni
ločilniki na izmenični tok in ozemljitvena stikala (IEC 62271-102)
IEV 60050 (vsi deli) Mednarodni elektrotehniški slovar (na voljo na www.electropedia.org)
3 Definicije
V tem dokumentu se uporabljajo pojmi in definicije, podani v IEV 60050, in spodaj navedeni.
OPOMBA: Pojmi in definicije iz IEC 60050 so na voljo na spletu na www.electropedia.org. Glej tudi »Electropedia« ali
»Glossary« na spletni strani www.iec.ch.
3.1 Splošno
3.1.1
električni postroj
celotna električna oprema za proizvodnjo, prenos, pretvarjanje, distribucijo in uporabo električne
energije
OPOMBA 1: Vključuje električne vire, kot so akumulatorji, kondenzatorji in vsi drugi viri shranjene električne energije.
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-04, spremenjen]
3.1.2
obratovanje
vse dejavnosti, vključno z delom, potrebne, da električni postroj lahko obratuje
OPOMBA 1: Te dejavnosti vključujejo na primer preklapljanje, krmiljenje, nadzorovanje, preverjanje električnega postroja,
pregledovanje in vzdrževanje. Te dejavnosti vključujejo elektrotehnlčna in neelektrotehnična dela.
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-05, spremenjen]
3.1.3
tveganje
kombinacija verjetnosti in resnosti mogoče poškodbe ali ogroženosti zdravja pri osebi, ki je
izpostavljena nevarnosti ali nevarnostim
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-31, spremenjen]
3.1.4
električna ogroženost
vir morebitne poškodbe ali ogroženosti zdravja v prisotnosti električne energije v električnem postroju
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-30, spremenjen]
3.1.5
električna nevarnost
tveganje poškodbe zaradi elektrike
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
3.1.6
električna poškodba
smrt ali poškodba osebe zaradi električnega udara, električnega gorenja, obloka ali zaradi požara ali
eksplozije, ki jo sproži električna energija zaradi obratovanja električnega postroja.
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-32, spremenjen]
3.2 Osebje, organizacija in komunikacije
3.2.1
oseba, odgovorna za električni postroj
polno pooblaščena oseba, ki zagotavlja varno obratovanja električnega postroja tako, da določa
pravila in organizacijo ali krovne določbe za delo
OPOMBA 1: Ta oseba je lahko lastnik, delodajalec, imetnik ali delegirana oseba.
OPOMBA 2: Če je to potrebno, se nekatere teh dolžnosti lahko delegirajo na druge. Pri velikih in kompleksnih električnih
postrojih ali omrežjih se lahko delegirajo naloge, povezane z določenimi deli postrojev ali omrežja (glej 4.3).
OPOMBA 3: Glej sliko B.1, klasifikacija a).
3.2.2
oseba, imenovana za nadzor električnega postroja med izvajanjem dela
oseba, ki je med izvajanjem dela odgovorna za varno obratovanje električnega postroja
OPOMBA 1: Ta oseba mora presoditi morebitne učinke delovnih aktivnosti v električnem postroju ali njegovih delih, za katere
je odgovorna, in učinke električnega postroja na osebe, ki izvajajo delovne aktivnosti. Nekatere od teh nalog se
lahko delegirajo na druge, če je to potrebno (glej 4.3).
OPOMBA 2: Glej sliko B.1, klasifikacija b).
3.2.3
oseba, imenovana za nadzor dela
oseba z najvišjo odgovornostjo za delovne aktivnosti na mestu izvajanja dela
OPOMBA 1: Nekatere od teh nalog se lahko delegirajo na druge, če je to potrebno (glej 4.3).
OPOMBA 2: Glej sliko B.1, klasifikacija c).
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-36, spremenjen]
3.2.4
(elektrotehniško) strokovna oseba
oseba, ki ji ustrezna izobrazba in izkušnje omogočajo, da zazna nevarnost in se izogne tveganjem, ki
jih povzroči električni tok
[VIR: IEC 60050-826:2004, IEV 826-18-01, spremenjen]
3.2.5
poučena oseba
oseba, ki je ustrezno seznanjena ali ki jo nadzirajo strokovne osebe, da zazna nevarnost in se izogne
tveganjem, ki jih povzroči električni tok
[VIR: IEC 60050-826:2004, IEV 826-18-02, spremenjen]
3.2.6
laik
oseba, ki ni niti strokovna oseba niti poučena oseba
(VIR: IEC 60050-826:2004, IEV 826-18-03)
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
3.2.7
obveščanje
ustna ali pisna sporočila ali navodila, ki so povezana z obratovanjem kateregakoli električnega postroja
3.3 Območje izvajanja dela
3.3.1
mesto izvajanja dela
mesto(-a), delovišče(-a) ali območje(-a), kjer je delo treba opraviti, se izvaja ali je bilo opravljeno
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-08, spremenjen]
3.3.2
območje dela pod napetostjo
prostor okoli delov pod napetostjo, kjer pri poseganju ali vstopanju brez zaščitnih ukrepov ni
zagotovljena izolacijska raven, potrebna za preprečevanje električne nevarnosti
OPOMBA 1: Zunanja meja območja dela pod napetostjo se označi kot razdalja D (glej sliki 1 in 2).
L
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-06, spremenjen]
3.3.3
bližnje območje dela pod napetostjo
omejen prostor zunaj območja dela pod napetostjo (glej sliki 1 in 2)
Opomba 1: Zunanja meja območja v bližini dela pod napetostjo se označi kot razdalja D (glej sliki 1 in 2).
V
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-07, spremenjen]
3.4 Delo
3.4.1
delo
vsaka oblika elektrotehničnega ali neelektrotehničnega dela, kjer obstaja možnost električne
ogroženosti
3.4.2
elektrotehnično delo
delo v električnem postroju ali z njim ali v njegovi bližini, npr. preskušanje in merjenje, popravljanje,
zamenjava, spreminjanje, razširjanje, postavitev, vzdrževanje in pregledovanje
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-12, spremenjen]
3.4.3
neelektrotehnično delo
delo v bližini električnega postroja, npr. gradnja, zemeljska dela, čiščenje, pleskanje itd.
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-13, spremenjen]
3.4.4
delo pod napetostjo
vsako delo, pri katerem se delavec z deli telesa ali orodjem, opremo ali napravami zavestno dotakne
delov pod napetostjo ali poseže v območje dela pod napetostjo
Opomba 1: Pri nizki napetosti izvaja delo pod napetostjo delavec, kadar se dotakne neizoliranih delov pod napetostjo. Pri
visoki napetosti izvaja delo pod napetostjo delavec, ko vstopi v območje dela pod napetostjo, neodvisno od
tega, ali se dotakne neizoliranih delov pod napetostjo ali ne.
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-01, spremenjen]
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
3.4.5
delo v bližini delov pod napetostjo
vsako delo, pri katerem delavec s svojimi deli telesa, orodjem ali z drugimi predmeti vstopi v bližnje
območje dela pod napetostjo, ne da bi prišel v območje dela pod napetostjo
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-02, spremenjen]
3.4.6
ločitev, osamitev
popolni izklop naprave ali tokokroga od drugih naprav ali tokokrogov, ki s fizično ločitvijo zagotavlja,
da naprava ali tokokrog vzdrži pričakovane napetostne razlike med njo/njim in drugimi tokokrogi
[VIR: IEC 60050-151:2001, IEV 151-15-37, spremenjen]
3.4.7
breznapetostno stanje
ničelna napetost ali napetost blizu ničelni, ko ni napetosti in/ali naboja
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-15, spremenjen]
3.4.8
delo v breznapetostnem stanju
delo v električnih postrojih, ki niso pod napetostjo ali nimajo električnega naboja, ki se izvaja potem,
ko so bili izvedeni vsi ukrepi za preprečitev električne nevarnosti
3.4.9
pooblastilo
pisna uradna odobritev ali navodilo
3.4.10
dovoljenje za delo
neposredno navodilo delavcem na mestu izvajanja dela, da začnejo z delom potem, ko so izvedeni vsi
varnostni ukrepi
3.5 Zaščitne naprave
3.5.1
zaslon
vsaka izolirana ali neizolirana naprava, ki se uporablja za preprečevanje približevanja katerikoli
opremi ali delu električnega postroja, ki pomeni električno nevarnost
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-01-29, spremenjen]
3.5.2 pregrada
del, ki zagotavlja zaščito pred neposrednim dotikom iz katerekoli običajne smeri dostopa
[VIR: IEC 60050-826:2004, IEV 826-12-23]
3.5.3
izolacijsko prekrivalo
trdo ali elastično prekrivalo iz izolacijskega materiala, ki se uporablja za prekrivanje delov pod
napetostjo in/ali izklopljenih in/ali bližnjih delov, da se prepreči nehoteni dotik
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
3.5.4
ohišje
del, ki zagotavlja zaščito opreme pred določenimi zunanjimi vplivi in v vseh smereh zaščito pred
neposrednim dotikom
3.5.5
detektor napetosti
prenosna naprava za zanesljivo odkrivanje prisotnosti ali odsotnosti (obratovalne) napetosti in za
preverjanje, ali je postroj pripravljen za ozemljitev
OPOMBA 1: Te naprave se na splošno opisujejo kot kapacitivne ali uporovne.
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-10-04]
3.5.6
prenosna oprema za ozemljitev in kratkostičenje
oprema, ki je prenosna in z izolacijskimi sestavnimi deli ročno povezana na dele električnega postroja
za namene ozemljitve in kratkostičenje
OPOMBA 1: Ta oprema je sestavljena iz ozemljitvenih sestavnih delov, npr. paličnih ozemljil, sestavnih delov za
kratkostičenje in enega ali več izolacijskih sestavnih delov.
[VIR: IEC 60050-651:1999, IEV 651-14- 01]
3.6 Nazivne napetosti
3.6.1
mala napetost
(ELV)
navadno ne presega 50 V izmenične napetosti ali 120 V enosmerne napetosti brez valovitosti med
prevodniki ali proti zemlji
OPOMBA 1: To vključuje SELV, PELV in FELV (glej HD 60364-4-41).
[VIR: IEC 60050-826:2004, IEV 826-12-30, spremenjen]
3.6.2
nizka napetost
(NN)
navadno ne presega 1 000 V izmenične napetosti ali 1 500 V enosmerne napetosti
[VIR: IEC 60050-151:2001, IEV 151-15-03, spremenjen]
3.6.3
visoka napetost
(VN)
navadno presega 1 000 V (1 kV) izmenične napetosti ali 1 500 V (1,5 kV) enosmerne napetosti
4 Temeljna načela
4.1 Varno obratovanje
Pred izvedbo kateregakoli posega na električnem postroju je treba oceniti električna tveganja. Ta
ocena mora biti podlaga za določitev načina izvajanja del ter katere varnostne in preventivne ukrepe
je treba izvesti za zagotovitev varnosti.
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
4.2 Osebje
Odgovornosti oseb, pristojnih za varnost izvajalcev del in ljudi, na katere njihovo delo vpliva oziroma
lahko vpliva, morajo biti v skladu z nacionalno zakonodajo.
Vse osebje, ki je vključeno v delo na električnem postroju ali z njim ali v njegovi bližini, mora biti
poučeno o varnostnih zahtevah, pravilih in navodilih podjetja, ki veljajo za njegovo delo. Ta navodila je
treba med potekom dela, kadar to traja dalj časa ali je zahtevno, redno ponavljati. Osebje, vključeno v
izvedbo del, je dolžno spoštovati zahteve, pravila in navodila.
Osebje mora nositi oblačila, ki so primerna za mesta izvajanja del in pogoje, kjer delajo. To lahko
vključuje uporabo tesno prilegajočih oblačil ali dodatne osebne varovalne opreme.
Pred začetkom kateregakoli dela in med njegovim trajanjem mora oseba, imenovana za nadzor dela,
poskrbeti, da se upoštevajo vse pomembne zahteve, pravila in navodila.
Oseba, imenovana za nadzor dela, mora poučiti vse osebe, ki sodelujejo pri delu, o vseh razumno
predvidljivih nevarnostih, ki zanje niso takoj očitne.
Nobena oseba, ki nima tehničnega znanja ali izkušenj, potrebnih za izogibanje nevarnostim in
poškodbam pri delu z električnim tokom, takega dela ne sme opravljati, razen če dela pod takim
nadzorom, ki je potreben za opravljanje tega dela.
Nacionalna zakonodaja lahko predpiše najnižjo starost in merila za kompetentnost oseb.
Kadar nacionalnih zahtev za kompetentnost oseb ni, je treba pri ocenjevanju kompetentnosti oseb
uporabiti naslednja merila:
– znanje o elektrotehniki,
– izkušnje z elektrotehniškim delom,
– poznavanje postroja, na katerem je treba opraviti delo, in praktične izkušnje s takim delom;
– poznavanje nevarnosti, ki lahko nastanejo med izvajanjem dela, in varnostnih ukrepov, ki jih je
treba upoštevati,
– sposobnost, da se ob vsakem času prepozna, ali je nadaljevanje dela varno.
Pred začetkom dela je treba oceniti vrsto in stopnjo težavnosti dela, da se za opravljanje dela izbere
primerno strokovna ali poučena oseba ali laik.
4.3 Organizacija
4.3.1 Za vsak električni postroj mora biti določena oseba, ki je odgovorna za nadzor električnega
postroja.
Če ni nacionalnih predpisov, velja naslednje:
Oseba, odgovorna za električni postroj, je lahko fizična oseba iz lastne organizacije ali iz organizacije
tretje strani. Če je oseba iz druge organizacije, je priporočljivo pisno dokumentirati njeno imenovanje,
za kateri del postroja je oseba odgovorna in časovno obdobje veljavnosti imenovanja.
Oseba, odgovorna za električni postroj, lahko del svojih nalog prenese na druge osebe. To naj se prav
tako dokumentira.
Osebe, imenovane za nadzor električnega postroja med izvajanjem dela, morajo nadzorovati svoj del
postroja tako, da dajo pooblastilo osebam, imenovanim za nadzor dela.
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
Oseba, imenovana za nadzor električnega postroja med izvajanjem dela, lahko zaradi pomoči
prenese nekatere od svojih nalog na druge osebe, če je to potrebno.
Naloge osebe, odgovorne za električni postroj, osebe, imenovane za nadzorovanje električnega
postroja med izvajanjem dela, in osebe, imenovane za nadzorovanje dela, so lahko združene v eni
osebi.
Kjer sta povezana dva ali več postrojev, je za zagotovitev varnosti bistveno, da obstajajo uradni
dogovori o posvetovanju in sodelovanju med imenovanimi osebami, odgovornimi za nadzor vsakega
od teh postrojev.
Urediti je treba dostop do vseh mest, kjer so laiki izpostavljeni električni ogroženosti. Imenovana
oseba, odgovorna za nadzor električnega postroja, mora biti odgovorna za pripravo metode ureditve
in nadzora dostopa, ki morata biti skladna z vsemi nacionalnimi zahtevami.
Za vsako delo je odgovorna oseba, imenovana za nadzor dela. Če je izvedba dela porazdeljena, je
morda treba imenovati osebo, ki bo odgovorna za varnost vsake delovne skupine, in za vse skupaj
tudi osebo, ki bo odgovorna za koordiniranje.
Oseba, imenovana za nadzor dela, in oseba, imenovana za nadzor električnega postroja med
izvajanjem dela, se morata strinjati o ureditvi električnega sistema, ki omogoča izvedbo dela, in o
opisu dela na električnem postroju, z njim ali v njegovi bližini, in to preden se opravijo kakršnekoli
spremembe električnega postroja ali preden se delo začne.
Priprava zahtevnih del mora biti izdelana v pisni obliki.
4.3.2 Vsaka strokovna oseba lahko določi, kako je treba varno izvesti delo v enostavnih postrojih ali
enostavnih delih postrojev v jasno razumljenih ali enostavnih okoliščinah in:
a) kjer se bodo odvijala enostavna dela
b) ali pri vzdrževanju, ki se izvaja v skladu z dogovorjenimi postopki.
4.3.3 Vsaka oseba, ki iz varnostnih razlogov nasprotuje izvajanju kateregakoli navodila ali dela, mora
imeti možnost o teh zadržkih takoj poročati osebi, imenovani za nadzor dela. Ta imenovana oseba
mora pregledati dejanski položaj in se, če je treba, o odločitvi posvetovati z nadrejenim.
4.4 Komunikacija (posredovanje informacij)
To vključuje vse načine prenašanja ali izmenjave informacij med osebami, tj. ustno (po telefonu,
osebnem radiu, osebno), pisno (vključno npr. s faksom ali e-pošto) in vizualno (vključno z monitorji,
signalnimi ploščami, signalnimi svetilkami itd.).
Pred začetkom vsakega dela mora biti o nameravanem delu obveščena oseba, imenovana za nadzor
električnega postroja med izvajanjem dela.
Obvestilo mora vsebovati vse informacije, ki so potrebne za varno obratovanje električnega postroja,
kot so podatki o omrežju, stanje stikalnih naprav (vklop, izklop, ozemljen) in pozicija varnostnih
naprav.
Kadar je treba uporabiti druga sredstva za posredovanje informacij, na primer radijske signale,
računalnike, svetilke itd., se ta sredstva uporabijo le, če so uvedeni ali so uveljavljeni preventivni
ukrepi, ki zagotavljajo, da je pot informacij zanesljiva in da se ne morejo pojaviti nesporazumi ali da ni
mogoče oddati napačnih signalov.
Vsa obvestila morajo vsebovati ime, in če je treba, tudi lokacijo osebe, ki pošilja informacije.
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
Da se preprečijo napake pri govornem prenosu informacije, mora prejemnik ponoviti informacijo
pošiljatelju, ki nato potrdi, da je bila pravilno prejeta in razumljena.
Dovoljenja za delo in ponovno priključitev električnega postroja po končanem delu ni dovoljeno dati na
podlagi kontrolnih znakov ali predhodnega sporazuma o dogovorjenem časovnem intervalu.
Če osebe na mestu, kjer se izvaja delo, govorijo različne jezike, se za zagotovitev razumevanja in
razumljivosti vnaprej določi jezik, ki ga razumejo udeleženci.
4.5 Mesto izvajanja dela
Mesto izvajanja dela mora biti opredeljeno in jasno označeno. Na vseh mestih, kjer se izvaja delo na
električnem postroju, z njim ali v njegovi bližini, je treba zagotoviti zadosten delovni prostor, primerne
načine dostopa in zadostno razsvetljavo. Kjer je to potrebno, se jasno označi varen dostop do mesta
izvajanja dela.
Za preprečitev poškodb oseb zaradi drugih virov ogroženosti, ki so prisotni na mestu izvajanja dela in
pri delu, kot so mehanski ali tlačni sistemi ali padci, je treba izvesti primerne preventivne ukrepe.
Predmeti, ki ovirajo dostop, in/ali vnetljivi materiali ne smejo biti nameščeni v bližini poti za dostop ali
na njih, na poteh umika k stikalnim in krmilnim napravam ali od njih, niti na takih območjih, kjer mora
osebje skrbeti za obratovanje opreme. Vnetljivi materiali, ki so shranjeni poleg električne naprave ali v
njeni bližini, ne smejo biti v bližini virov vžiga.
4.6 Orodje, oprema in naprave
Orodje, oprema in naprave morajo biti skladni z zahtevami ustreznih evropskih, nacionalnih ali
mednarodnih standardov, če ti obstajajo.
PRIMERI: Primeri orodja, opreme in naprav so:
– izolacijski škornji, rokavice in galoše,
– zaščita za oči ali obraz,
– zaščita za glavo,
– primerna zaščitna oblačila,
– izolacijske blazine, plošče in delovni odri,
– izolacijski elastični in togi zaslonski materiali,
– izolirano orodje in orodje iz izolacijskega materiala,
– sprožilni drogovi in izolirne palice,
– ključavnice, napisne tablice, table,
– detektorji napetosti in sistemi za detekcijo napetosti,
– oprema za lociranje kablov,
– oprema za ozemljitev in kratkostična oprema,
– pregrade, zastavice in druga označevalna sredstva.
Orodje, opremo in naprave je treba uporabljati v skladu z navodili in/ali napotki proizvajalca ali
dobavitelja. Ta navodila in/ali napotki morajo biti v jeziku ali jezikih države, kjer se uporabljajo.
Vse orodje, oprema in naprave, ki so predvideni za varno obratovanje in delo na električnem postroju,
z njim ali v njegovi bližini, morajo biti primerni za ta namen, vzdrževani v stanju, ustreznem za to
uporabo, in zagotovljena mora biti njihova pravilna uporaba.
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
OPOMBA 1: "Vzdrževan v stanju, primernem za uporabo" pomeni periodične vizualne preglede, in kjer je treba, električno
preskušanje, vključno s preskušanjem po popravilih in/ali spremembah, da se preverijo električna neoporečnost
in mehanske lastnosti orodij, opreme in naprav.
OPOMBA 2: Oprema vključuje osebno varovalno opremo.
Vse specialno orodje, oprema in naprave, ki se uporabljajo med izvajanjem dela na električnem
postroju, z njim ali v njegovi bližini, je treba ustrezno hraniti.
4.7 Vezalne sheme in dokumentacija
Za električni postroj morajo biti na voljo najnovejše vezalne sheme in dokumentacija.
4.8 Oznake
Če je treba, morajo biti med izvajanjem dela ali obratovanjem nameščene ustrezne oznake, da
opozarjajo na vsakršno morebitno ogroženost. Oznake morajo biti skladne z ustreznimi evropskimi,
nacionalnimi ali mednarodnimi standardi, če obstajajo.
4.9 Ukrepi v izrednih razmerah
Oseba, ki je v celoti odgovorna za električni postroj in varnost pri delu, mora zasnovati in izvesti načrte
za ravnanje v primeru nesreče z električnim tokom ali delovne nezgode. Nekatera navodila so v B.7.
Zadostno število oseb, potrebnih za delo na električnih postrojih, z njimi ali v njihovi bližini, mora biti
tako usposobljenih in poučenih, da lahko nudijo ustrezno prvo pomoč pri električnem udaru in/ali
opeklinah. Priporočljivo je, da so – kot je primerno glede na okoliščine – navodila za prvo pomoč
prikazana na plakatih ali preglednicah, ki se nahajajo na mestu izvajanja dela ali v brošurah ali
varnostnih dokumentih, ki jih prejmejo delavci.
5 Obratovalni postopki
5.1 Splošno
Pri dejavnostih iz 5.2 in 5.3, kot je ustrezno, je treba uporabiti primerno orodje in opremo, da se
prepreči električna nevarnost za ljudi. Te dejavnosti morajo biti predmet pogodbe z imenovano osebo,
odgovorno za električni postroj, ali če je to potrebno, z osebo, imenovano za nadzor električnega
postroja med izvajanjem dela. Imenovano osebo, odgovorno za nadzor električnega postroja, ali če je
to potrebno, osebo, imenovano za nadzor električnega postroja med izvajanjem dela, je treba
obvestiti, kdaj so bili dogovorjeni obratovalni postopki končani.
5.2 Stikalni postopki (manipulacije)
5.2.1 Obratovalne dejavnosti se načrtujejo z namenom spreminjanja električnega stanja električnega
postroja.
Obstajata dve vrsti obratovalnih dejavnosti:
– posegi, katerih nameni so sprememba električnega stanja električnega postroja, uporabe
opreme, vklop, izklop, zagon ali ustavitev opreme, namenjene za uporabo brez tveganj, kolikor je
to praktično mogoče,
– odklapljanje ali ponovno priklapljanje postrojev za izvajanje dela.
Obratovalne dejavnosti se lahko izvajajo lokalno ali z daljinskim krmiljenjem.
5.2.2 Izklapljanje pred izvedbo del v breznapetostnem stanju ali ponovno vklapljanje po teh delih
morajo izvesti strokovne osebe ali poučene osebe, kot je predpisano v 6.2.
SIST EN 50110-1 : 2013
5.2.3 Postopke za prekinitev oskrbe z elektriko v izrednih razmerah je treba zagotoviti v skladu z
nacionalnimi ali internimi predpisi.
5.2.4 Nujne posege na postrojih za distribucijo elektrike smejo izvajati samo strokovne ali poučene
osebe.
5.2.5 Če zemeljski stik v električnem postroju, katerega naznačena obratovalna napetost presega
1 kV, ni izklopljen, je treba sprejeti ukrepe za ugotovitev mesta zemeljskega stika ter izvesti ustrezne
varnostne ukrepe za zaščito in varnost oseb.
OPOMBA: Ti varnostni ukrepi so odvisni od uporabljene tehnologije in konstrukcije postroja.
5.3 Funkcionalna preverjanja
5.3.1 Merjenje
5.3.1.1 V tem evropskem standardu je merjenje opredeljeno kot vse aktivnosti, povezane z
merjenjem fizikalnih podatkov v električnih postrojih. Merjenja morajo opravljati samo strokovne ali
poučene osebe ali laiki pod neposredno kontrolo ali nadzorom strokovne osebe.
5.3.1.2 Za meritve v električnih postrojih je treba uporabiti primerne in varne merilne instrumente. Te
instrumente je treba preveriti pred uporabo, in če je treba, po uporabi.
5.3.1.3 Če obstaja tveganje stika z neizoliranimi deli pod napetostjo, mora osebje, ki izvaja meritve,
uporabiti osebno varovalno opremo, in izvesti preventivne ukrepe za zaščito pred električnim udarom,
učinki kratkega stika in obloka.
5.3.1.4 Če je treba, se uporabijo pravila za delo v breznapetostnem stanju (6.2), za delo pod
napetostjo (6.3) ali za delo v bližini delov pod napetostjo (6.4).
5.3.2 Preskušanje
5.3.2.1 Preskušanje vključuje vse dejavnosti, načrtovane za pr
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