oSIST prEN 15512:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2017
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Steel static storage systems - Adjustable pallet racking systems - Principles for structural
design
Ortsfeste Regalsysteme aus Stahl - Verstellbare Palettenregale - Grundlagen der
statischen Bemessung
Systèmes de stockage statiques en acier - Systèmes de rayonnages à palettes réglables
- Principes applicables au calcul des structures
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15512
ICS:
53.080 6NODGLãþQDRSUHPD Storage equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2017
ICS 53.080 Will supersede EN 15512:2009
English Version
Steel static storage systems - Adjustable pallet racking
systems - Principles for structural design
Systèmes de stockage en acier - Systèmes de Ortsfeste Regalsysteme aus Stahl - Verstellbare
rayonnages à palettes réglables - Principes applicables Palettenregale - Grundlagen der statischen Bemessung
au calcul des structures
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 344.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15512:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 8
Introduction . 9
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 Symbols . 14
5 Basis of design . 17
5.1 Requirements . 17
5.1.1 Basic requirements . 17
5.1.2 Un-braced racking systems . 17
5.1.3 Braced racking systems . 18
5.1.4 Racks braced against the building structure . 21
5.1.5 Design working life . 21
5.1.6 Interface between rack and the supporting floor . 22
5.2 Methods of design . 25
5.2.1 General . 25
5.2.2 Ultimate limit state . 25
5.2.3 Serviceability limit state . 25
5.3 Imperfections . 25
5.3.1 General . 25
5.3.2 Sway imperfections in un-braced systems in down aisle direction . 26
5.3.3 Sway imperfection in braced systems . 26
5.3.4 Local bracing imperfections . 28
5.3.5 Member imperfections . 30
6 Actions and combinations of actions . 30
6.1 General . 30
6.2 Permanent actions . 30
6.2.1 General . 30
6.2.2 Weights of materials and construction . 30
6.3 Variable actions . 30
6.3.1 General . 30
6.3.2 Unit loads to be stored . 31
6.3.3 Vertical placement loads . 31
6.3.4 Horizontal placement loads . 32
6.3.5 Horizontal load upright frame bracing . 34
6.3.6 Effects of rack-guided equipment . 34
6.3.7 Floor and walkway loads (see also EN 1991-1-1) . 36
6.3.8 Actions arising from installation . 38
6.4 Actions due to impact (accidental loads) . 38
6.4.1 General . 38
6.4.2 Accidental vertical actions . 38
6.4.3 Accidental horizontal load . 39
6.5 Wind loads . 39
6.6 Snow loads . 40
6.7 Seismic actions . 40
6.8 Stability against overturning . 40
7 Partial factors and combination rules . 40
7.1 General . 40
7.2 Combinations of actions for the ultimate limit state . 40
7.3 Combination of actions for serviceability limit states . 41
7.4 Load factors . 41
7.5 Material factors . 42
8 Steel . 43
8.1 General . 43
8.2 Material properties . 43
8.2.1 Design values of material coefficients (general mechanical properties) . 43
8.3 Steels with no guaranteed mechanical properties . 44
8.3.1 General . 44
8.3.2 Additional tests on steel . 44
8.4 Untested steels . 44
8.5 Average yield strength of sections. 44
8.6 Special selection of production material . 45
8.7 Fracture toughness . 45
8.8 Dimensional tolerances . 45
8.8.1 General . 45
8.8.2 Thickness of material . 45
8.8.3 Tolerances on thickness . 45
8.8.4 Width and depth of a cold-formed section . 46
8.8.5 Member straightness . 46
8.8.6 Twist . 46
8.9 Durability. 46
9 Structural analysis . 47
9.1 Structural modelling for analysis and basic assumption . 47
9.2 Calculation of section properties . 47
9.2.1 General . 47
9.2.2 Effect of perforations on stiffness . 47
9.2.3 Effect of perforations on strength . 47
9.2.4 Effect of cross-section distortion . 49
9.2.5 Effect of local buckling . 50
9.2.6 Effect of cold forming . 51
9.3 Bracing eccentricities . 51
9.4 Eccentricities between beams and uprights . 53
9.5 Beams . 53
9.5.1 General . 53
9.5.2 Moment of resistance of members not subject to lateral-torsional buckling . 54
9.6 Design of beams: Determination of internal forces and deflections . 54
9.6.1 General . 54
9.6.2 Loads on beams . 55
9.6.3 Design bending moments in the span of the beams . 55
9.6.4 Design shear force for beams . 56
9.6.5 Deflection of beams . 57
9.6.6 Correction for looseness . 57
9.6.7 Beams as tie beams in braced pallet racks . 58
9.7 Design of beams: Design resistances . 59
9.7.1 Design resistance for bending . 59
9.7.2 Design resistance with respect to web crippling . 59
9.7.3 Design resistance with respect to shear forces . 59
9.7.4 Combined shear force, axial force and bending moment . 59
9.7.5 Combined bending moment and web crippling . 59
9.8 Design of beam end connectors . 59
9.8.1 General . 59
9.8.2 Design bending moments in beam end connectors . 60
9.8.3 Design shear force for beam end connectors . 60
9.8.4 Design shear force and bending moment for beam end connectors . 60
9.8.5 Requirements for beam connector locks . 60
9.9 Beams subject to bending and torsion . 61
9.9.1 General . 61
9.9.2 Lateral torsional buckling of beams . 61
9.10 Compression, tension and bending in members . 63
9.10.1 Non-perforated compression members . 63
9.10.2 Perforated compression members . 63
9.10.3 Cross sectional verification . 65
9.10.4 Design strength with respect to flexural buckling . 66
9.10.5 Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling . 73
9.10.6 Combined bending and axial loading . 76
9.11 Design of splices . 78
9.12 Design of base plates . 79
9.12.1 General . 79
9.12.2 Effective area A for base plates . 79
bp
9.12.3 Uprights in tension . 80
9.13 Floor materials . 81
9.13.1 Concrete floors . 81
9.13.2 Bituminous floors . 81
9.13.3 Other floor materials . 82
9.13.4 Design of anchorages . 82
9.14 Design of run spacers . 83
10 Global analysis of beam pallet racks . 83
10.1 General considerations . 83
10.1.1 General . 83
10.1.2 Torsion of cold formed thin gauge open section . 83
10.1.3 Two dimensional analysis . 84
10.1.4 Advanced three-dimensional analysis . 84
10.1.5 Tolerances with regard to design and assembly . 84
10.1.6 Rack stability during installation . 84
10.2 Design procedure . 85
10.2.1 Actions . 85
10.2.2 Procedure. 85
10.2.3 Analysis of un-braced racks in the down-aisle direction . 88
10.2.4 Analysis of braced racks in the down-aisle direction . 89
10.2.5 Moment-rotation characteristics of beam end connectors . 92
10.2.6 Moment-rotation characteristics of the connection to the floor . 92
10.3 Design check . 92
10.3.1 General . 93
10.3.2 Out of plane stability . 93
10.3.3 Frame classification . 93
10.4 Methods of global analysis . 95
10.5 Simplified methods of analysis for stability in the cross-aisle direction . 97
10.6 Design of uprights . 97
10.6.1 General . 97
10.6.2 Design axial forces and bending moments . 97
11 Serviceability limit states . 97
11.1 General . 97
11.2 Serviceability limit states for racking . 98
12 Marking and labelling - Identification of performance of rack installations . 98
13 Test methods and evaluation of results . 98
13.1 General . 98
13.2 Requirements for tests . 99
13.2.1 Equipment . 99
13.2.2 Support conditions . 100
13.2.3 Application of the load . 100
13.2.4 Increments of the test load . 100
13.2.5 Assembly of test specimens . 100
13.2.6 Test reports . 100
13.3 Interpretation of test results . 101
13.3.1 Definition of failure load . 101
13.3.2 Adjustment of test results. 101
13.3.3 Derivation of characteristic values . 103
13.3.4 Characteristic values for a family of tests . 104
13.3.5 Interpolation between test results . 105
Annex A (normative) Testing. 106
A.1 Materials tests . 106
A.1.1 Tensile test . 106
A.1.2 Bend tests . 106
A.2 Tests on components and connections . 107
A.2.1 Stub column compression test . 107
A.2.2 Compression tests on uprights - Checks for the effects of distortional buckling . 110
A.2.3 Compression tests on uprights - Determination of buckling curves . 110
A.2.4 Bending tests on beam end connectors . 114
A.2.5 Looseness tests on beam end connectors . 121
A.2.6 Shear tests on beam end connectors and connector locks . 124
A.2.7 Tests on floor connections . 126
A.2.8 Frame Shear stiffness tests . 132
A.2.9 Bending tests on upright sections . 138
A.2.10 Bending tests on beams . 140
A.2.11 Tests on upright splices . 143
A.2.12 Test for the moment-shear interaction of beam end connectors. 145
Annex B (informative) Amplified sway method for down-aisle stability analysis . 148
B.1 General . 148
B.2 Linear elastic analysis . 149
B.3 Elastic critical value . 149
B.4 Amplification factor . 149
Annex C (informative) Approximate equations for the design of a regular storage rack in
the down-aisle direction . 150
C.1 Approximate equation for regular construction . 150
C.2 Additional bending moments due to pattern loading . 152
C.3 Design Moments . 152
C.4 Design loads in outer columns . 153
Annex D (informative) Background to the acceptance of materials of low f /f ratio (cold
u y
reduced steel) . 154
Annex E (informative) Position inaccuracies . 155
Annex F (informative) Equivalent beam loads . 156
Annex G (informative) Simplified method for cross-aisle stability analysis in circumstances
where there is uniform distribution of compartment loads over the height of the
upright frame . 158
G.1 General . 158
G.2 Global buckling of upright frames . 158
G.3 Shear stiffness of upright frame. 159
G.4 Amplification factor β . 159
Annex H (informative) Factory production control (FPC) . 162
H.1 General . 162
H.2 Frequency of tests . 162
H.3 Bending tests on beam end connectors . 162
H.4 Bend tests . 162
Annex I (informative) A–deviations . 163
I.1 Dutch national legislative deviations . 163
I.2 German national legislative deviations . 163
Annex J (informative) Guidance to the determination of the critical length for the
distortional buckling test . 165
J.1 Introduction . 165
J.2 Length in relation to the end conditions in the test set-up . 165
J.3 Method for the determination of the critical distortional buckling length . 166
J.3.1 Step 1 . 166
J.3.2 Step 2 . 166
J.3.3 Step 3 . 168
J.3.4 Step 4 . 168
J.3.5 Step 5 . 169
J.3.6 Step 6 . 169
Annex K (informative) Tests on floor connections: Reuse of samples . 171
K.1 Introduction. 171
K.2 Interaction check for non-anchored base plates. 171
K.3 Example of a test procedure reusing the test sample . 171
Annex L (informative) Guidance to modelling spine bracing in braces pallet racking . 173
Annex M (informative) Looseness correction . 177
Annex N (informative) 80 % loading examples . 179
Annex O (informative) Frame looseness . 181
O.1 General . 181
O.2 Frame bracing types . 181
O.3 Looseness . 182
Annex P (informative) Effect of regularly distributed perforations on properties for
stiffness . 184
Annex Q (informative) Indication for boxed 2xC beam sections . 186
Q.1 General . 186
Q.2 Approximate limit values . 186
Bibliography . 188

European foreword
This document (prEN 15512:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 344 WG 1
“Steel static storage systems”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 15512:2009.
This is intended to be a draft document consolidating the experiences and problems in working with the
2009 published version such that time constrained discussions within the CEN environment donnot
affect the quality of the final version.
Introduction
0.1 Racking
Racking systems are load bearing structures for the storage and retrieval of goods in warehouses. The
goods to be stored are generally on pallets or in box-containers.
Racking is constructed from steel components including upright frames, beams and decking. Special
beam to column (upright) connections and bracing systems are utilized, in order to achieve a three
dimensional steel ‘sway’ or ‘braced’ structure with “aisles” to enable order pickers, industrial trucks or
stacker cranes to reach the storage positions. Although components are standardized, they are only
standard to each manufacturer. These components differ from traditional column and beam structures
in the following regard:
1) continuous perforated uprights;
2) hook-in connections;
3) structural components for racking generally consist of cold formed thin gauge members.
0.2 Requirement for EN Standards for racking and shelving in addition to the Eurocodes
Because of the differences in shape of structural components, detailing and connection type's additional
technical information to the Eurocodes are required, in order to have reliable state of the art guidance
for the practicing designer involved in designing racking.
The scope of CEN/TC 344 is to establish European Standards providing guidance for the specification,
design, methods of installation, accuracy of build and guidance for the user on the safe use of steel static
storage systems.
This, together with the need for harmonized design rules was the reason that the European Racking
Federation ERF / FEM Racking and Shelving has taken the initiative for CEN/TC 344. CEN/TC 344 is in
the course of preparation of a number of European Standards for specific types of racking and shelving
and particular applications which exist as European Standards (EN) and working group activities (WG)
as follows:
— EN 15512: Steel static storage systems — Adjustable pallet racking — Principles for structural design.
— EN 15620: Steel static storage systems — Adjustable pallet racking — Tolerances, deformations and
clearances.
— EN 15629: Steel static storage systems — The specification of storage equipment.
— EN 15635: Steel static storage systems — The application and maintenance of storage equipment
— EN 15878: Terms and Definitions.
— EN 16681: Steel static storage systems — Adjustable pallet racking systems — Principles for seismic
design.
— WG 4: Technical Principles for the Design of Adjustable Drive-in and Drive-through Racking
Systems.
— EN 16681: Technical principles for the Design of Pallet Racking Systems in Seismic Regions.
— WG 5b: Technical Principles for the Design of Drive-in and Drive-through Racking Systems in
Seismic Regions.
— WG 6: Technical Principles for the Design of Shelving Systems.
— WG 7: Technical Principles for the Design of Cantilever Racking Systems.
— WG 8: Technical Principles for the Design of Mobile Racking Systems.
— WG 9: Principles of Health and Safety during the installation of Rack
...