SIST EN 13288:2026
(Main)Food processing machinery - Bowl lifting and tilting machines - Safety and hygiene requirements
Food processing machinery - Bowl lifting and tilting machines - Safety and hygiene requirements
1.1 This document specifies safety and hygiene requirements for the design and manufacture of bowl lifting and tilting machines (see description in Annex A) which:
a) are intended to be used in bakeries and pastry shops for discharging masses of dough and/or ingredients for bakery and/or pastry products all at once or progressively tipping a container or a machine with non-removable container by lifting and/or tilting it according to a guided path;
b) are intended to be used with manual inlet and outlet of the bowl.
NOTE b) does not refer to machines with integrated mixing machine with non-removable bowl.
The lifting and tilting machines can be equipped with a scraper (optional) for removing the rests of dough from the bowl after the dough has been discharged.
1.2 The following relevant hazards are not covered by this document:
- hazards due to the mixing process (for dough mixers see EN 453:2014 and for planetary mixers see EN 454:2014);
- hazards associated to the properties of the content of the bowl (except the mass);
- hazards due to operational stop;
- hazards due to failure of the power supply;
- hazards due to laser radiation;
- hazards due to machinery maintenance;
- hazards due to information and information devices;
- hazards due to materials and products;
- hazards due to lack of design of the machine to facilitate its handling;
- hazards due to lack of stability during transport, assembly and disassembly;
- hazards due to pulleys, drums, wheels, ropes and chains.
This document does not deal with any specific requirements on noise emitted from bowl lifting and tilting machines as the generated noise does not cause a relevant hazard.
The significant hazards covered by this document are described in Annex B.
1.3 The following machines are excluded from the scope of this document:
a) experimental and testing machines under development by the manufacturer;
b) self-propelled movable bowl lifting and tilting machines;
c) lift trucks;
d) bowl lifting and tilting machines working in automatic production lines where the initiation of the movement is not due to a human voluntary action;
e) domestic appliances.
In case of a movable machine, this document does not deal with:
- hazards due to transportation of bowls with the machine;
- hazards due to the displacement of the machine on its own wheels;
- powered equipment that may be provided to assist the mobility of mobile bowl lifting and tilting machine.
When drafting this document, it has been assumed that the machines are not intended to be cleaned with water and steam jets.
1.4 This document is not applicable to machines which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document.
This document is not applicable to machines which have been manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.
Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Hub- und Kippeinrichtungen für Bottiche - Sicherheits- und Hygieneanforderungen
1.1 Dieses Dokument legt Sicherheits- und Hygieneanforderungen für die Konstruktion und Herstellung von Hub- und Kippeinrichtungen für Bottiche (siehe Beschreibung in Anhang A) fest, die:
a) für die Verwendung in Bäckereien und Konditoreien vorgesehen sind und zur Entleerung von Teigmassen und/oder Zutaten für Bäckerei- und/oder Konditoreiprodukte auf einmal oder nach und nach durch Kippen eines Behälters oder einer Einrichtung mit nichtaustauschbarem Behälter durch Anheben und/oder Neigen des Behälters nach einem geführten Fahrweg dienen;
b) für die Verwendung mit einem Handeinlass und -auslass an der Schüssel vorgesehen sind.
ANMERKUNG b) bezieht sich nicht auf Maschinen mit integrierter Mischmaschine, die mit einer nichtaustauschbaren Schüssel ausgestattet ist.
Die Hub- und Kippeinrichtungen können mit einem Schaber (optional) ausgestattet sein, der zur Entfernung von Teigresten aus der Schüssel nach Entleerung des Teigs verwendet wird.
1.2 Die folgenden relevanten Gefährdungen werden in diesem Dokument nicht behandelt:
Gefährdungen aufgrund des Mischprozesses (für Teigknetmaschinen siehe EN 453:2014 und für Planetenrühr- und knetmaschinen siehe EN 454:2014);
- Gefährdungen im Zusammenhang mit den Eigenschaften des Schüsselinhalts (außer der Masse);
- Gefährdungen durch betriebsbedingtes Stillsetzen;
- Gefährdungen durch den Ausfall der Energieversorgung;
- Gefährdungen durch Laserstrahlung;
- Gefährdungen durch Anlageninstandhaltung;
- Gefährdungen durch Informationen und Informationseinrichtungen;
- Gefährdungen aufgrund von Materialien und Produkten;
- Gefährdungen durch unzureichende Konstruktion der Maschine im Hinblick auf die Erleichterung ihrer Handhabung;
- Gefährdungen durch mangelnde Standsicherheit bei Transport, Montage und Demontage;
- Gefährdungen durch Rollen, Trommeln, Scheiben, Seile und Ketten.
Dieses Dokument behandelt keine spezifischen Anforderungen an die Geräuschemissionen von Hub- und Kippeinrichtungen, da der erzeugte Lärm keine relevante Gefährdung darstellt.
Die in diesem Dokument behandelten signifikanten Gefährdungen sind in Anhang B beschrieben.
1.3 Die folgenden Maschinen liegen nicht im Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments:
a) Versuchs- und Prüfmaschinen, die beim Hersteller in Entwicklung sind;
b) mit eigenem Antrieb ausgestattete verfahrbare Hub- und Kippeinrichtungen;
c) Hubwagen;
d) Hub- und Kippeinrichtungen, die in automatischen Produktionslinien im Einsatz sind und bei denen die Bewegung nicht durch eine absichtliche Aktion des Operators ausgelöst wird;
e) Haushaltsgeräte.
Im Hinblick auf verfahrbare Maschinen befasst sich dieses Dokument nicht mit:
- Gefährdungen durch den Transport der Schüsseln mit der Maschine;
- Gefährdungen durch das Verfahren der Maschine auf ihren eigenen Rädern;
- angetriebene Ausrüstungen, die zur Unterstützung der Beweglichkeit von Hub- und Kippeinrichtungen angebracht werden können.
Während der Erarbeitung dieses Dokuments wurde angenommen, dass es nicht vorgesehen ist, diese Maschinen mit Wasser- und Dampfstrahl zu reinigen.
1.4 Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Maschinen, die vor dem Datum der Veröffentlichung dieses Dokuments Europäischen Norm hergestellt wurden.
Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Élévateurs/basculeurs de cuve - Prescriptions relatives à la sécurité et à l'hygiène
1.1 Le présent document spécifie les exigences de sécurité et d’hygiène relatives à la conception et à la fabrication des élévateurs/basculeurs de cuve (voir description à l’Annexe A) qui :
a) sont destinés à être utilisés dans les boulangeries et pâtisseries pour décharger des masses de pâte et/ou d’ingrédients pour produits de boulangerie et/ou de pâtisserie en une seule fois ou en faisant basculer progressivement un récipient ou une machine avec un récipient non amovible en le soulevant et/ou en le faisant basculer selon une trajectoire guidée ;
b) sont destinés à être utilisés avec une entrée et une sortie manuelle de la cuve.
NOTE b) ne concerne pas les machines équipées d’un mélangeur intégré avec une cuve non amovible.
Les élévateurs/basculeurs de cuve peuvent être équipés d’une raclette (en option) pour enlever les restes de pâte de la cuve après le déchargement de la pâte.
1.2 Le présent document ne couvre pas les phénomènes dangereux pertinents suivants :
- phénomènes dangereux dus au processus de mélange (pour les pétrins, voir l’EN 453:2014 et pour les batteurs-mélangeurs, voir l’EN 454:2014) ;
- phénomènes dangereux associés aux propriétés du contenu de la cuve (à l’exception de la masse) ;
- phénomènes dangereux liés à l’arrêt de fonctionnement ;
- phénomènes dangereux liés à une défaillance de l’alimentation électrique ;
- phénomènes dangereux liés au rayonnement laser ;
- phénomènes dangereux liés à l'entretien des machines ;
- phénomènes dangereux liés à l’information et aux dispositifs d’information ;
- phénomènes dangereux liés aux matériaux et aux produits ;
- phénomènes dangereux dus à l'absence de conception de la machine pour faciliter sa manipulation ;
- phénomènes dangereux liés au manque de stabilité au cours du transport, du montage et du démontage ;
- phénomènes dangereux liés aux poulies, tambours, galets, câbles et chaînes.
Le présent document ne traite pas des exigences spécifiques au bruit émis par les élévateurs/basculeurs de cuve car le bruit généré ne provoque pas un phénomène dangereux pertinent.
Les phénomènes dangereux significatifs couverts par le présent document sont décrits à l'Annexe B.
1.3 Les machines suivantes sont exclues du domaine d’application du présent document :
a) les machines expérimentales et d’essais en cours de mise au point par le fabricant ;
b) les élévateurs/basculeurs de cuve mobiles automoteurs ;
c) les chariots-élévateurs ;
d) les élévateurs/basculeurs de cuve utilisés sur des chaînes de production automatisées avec lesquelles l’activation du mouvement n’est pas due à l’action volontaire de l’homme ;
e) les appareils à usage domestique.
En cas de machine mobile, le présent document ne traite pas :
- des phénomènes dangereux engendrés par le transport de cuves avec la machine ;
- des phénomènes dangereux engendrés par le déplacement de la machine sur ses propres roues ;
- des équipements électriques pouvant être fournis dans le but de favoriser la mobilité des élévateurs/basculeurs de cuve mobiles.
Lors de l’élaboration du présent document, il a été supposé que les machines ne sont pas destinées à être nettoyées aux jets d’eau et de vapeur.
1.4 Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux machines qui ont été fabriquées avant sa date de publication.
Stroji za predelavo hrane - Dvigalniki in zvračalniki za posode - Varnostne in higienske zahteve
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13288:2022
01-januar-2022
Stroji za predelavo hrane - Dvigalniki in zvračalniki za posode - Varnostne in
higienske zahteve
Food processing machinery - Bowl lifting and tilting machines - Safety and hygiene
requirements
Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Hub- und Kippeinrichtungen für Bottiche - Sicherheits- und
Hygieneanforderungen
Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Élévateurs/basculeurs de cuve - Prescriptions
relatives à la sécurité et à l'hygiène
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13288
ICS:
67.260 Tovarne in oprema za Plants and equipment for the
živilsko industrijo food industry
oSIST prEN 13288:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prEN 13288:2022
oSIST prEN 13288:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13288
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2021
ICS 67.260 Will supersede EN 13288:2005+A1:2009
English Version
Food processing machinery - Bowl lifting and tilting
machines - Safety and hygiene requirements
Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Hub- und
Élévateurs/basculeurs de cuve - Prescriptions relatives Kippeinrichtungen für Bottiche - Sicherheits- und
à la sécurité et à l'hygiène Hygieneanforderungen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 153.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13288:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
oSIST prEN 13288:2022
prEN 13288:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and description . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Description . 10
3.2.1 General. 10
3.2.2 Type A: Lifting and tilting bowl . 10
3.2.3 Type B: Lifting and tilting mixing machine . 11
3.2.4 Type C: Tilting bowl . 12
4 Safety and hygiene requirements and/or protective measures . 13
4.1 General. 13
4.2 Mechanical hazards . 13
4.2.1 General. 13
4.2.2 Zone 1 – Hazards between moving parts and fixed parts of the building (floor, walls,
columns, ceiling) and fixed parts of the machine . 14
4.2.3 Zone 2 – Hazards of impact or crushing by unintended movement of the lifting system,
the bowl and placing the bowl for being locked by the locking device . 15
4.2.4 Hazards due to overstroke . 16
4.2.5 Zone 5 – Hazards of drawing in, shearing, crushing or entanglement by transmission
system . 16
4.2.6 Zone 6 – Hazards of impact or crushing by the falling down of the tipped contents of
the bowl . 17
4.2.7 Zone 7 – Hazards of impact or crushing by introducing of the scraper or additional
optional devices in the bowl; when used. 17
4.2.8 Zone 8 – Hazards of trapping and shearing by bowl driving mechanism . 19
4.2.9 Zone 9 – Hazards of crushing, shearing, impact due to loss of stability of the
machine . 19
4.3 Electrical hazards . 21
4.3.1 Emergency stop . 21
4.3.2 Start and restart functions . 21
4.3.3 Unexpected start . 21
4.3.4 Hazards from remote control . 22
4.3.5 Motor enclosures . 22
4.3.6 Electrical requirements of controls . 22
4.4 Hygiene requirements . 22
4.4.1 Food area . 22
4.4.2 Splash area . 22
4.4.3 Non-food area . 22
4.5 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles . 22
4.6 Pneumatic and hydraulic equipment . 23
5 Verification of safety and hygiene requirements and/or protective measures. 23
6 Information for use . 24
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6.1 General . 24
6.2 Signal and warning devices . 24
6.3 Instruction handbook . 25
6.4 Marking . 26
Annex A (normative) Principles of design to ensure the cleanability of lifting and tilting
machines for bakery . 28
A.1 Definitions . 28
A.2 Materials of construction . 28
A.2.1 Type of materials . 28
A.2.2 Surface conditions . 28
A.3 Design . 29
A.3.1 Connections of internal surfaces . 29
A.3.1.1 Connections of internal surfaces for food area . 29
A.3.1.2 Connections of internal surfaces for splash area . 32
A.3.1.3 Connections of internal surfaces for non-food area. 33
A.3.2 Surface assemblies and overlaps . 33
A.3.2.1 Surface assemblies and overlaps for food area . 33
A.3.2.1.1 Surface assembly . 33
A.3.2.1.2 Surface overlapping. 34
A.3.2.2 Surface assemblies and overlaps for splash area . 36
A.3.2.3 Surface assemblies and overlaps for non-food area . 37
A.3.3 Fasteners . 38
A.3.3.1 Fasteners for food area . 38
A.3.3.1.1 Spot-facing . 38
A.3.3.1.2 Pin drive systems . 38
A.3.3.2 Fasteners for splash area . 38
A.3.3.3 Fasteners for non-food area . 39
A.3.4 Feet, support and bases for cleaning the machines underneath . 39
A.3.4.1 Fixed machines with or without a base . 39
A.3.4.2 Mobile containers . 40
A.3.5 Ventilation openings . 41
A.3.5.1 Ventilation openings for non-food area . 41
A.3.5.2 Ventilation openings for splash area . 41
A.3.6 Hinges . 42
A.3.7 Control panel . 43
A.3.7.1 Control panel in the non-food area . 43
A.3.7.2 Control panel in the splash area . 43
Annex B (informative) List of significant hazards . 45
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B.1 Mechanical hazards . 45
B.2 Electrical hazards . 46
B.3 Hazard generated by neglecting hygienic design principles . 47
B.4 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles . 47
B.5 Hazards generated by pneumatic and hydraulic equipment . 47
B.6 Hazards generated by a poor visibility . 47
B.7 Hazards generated by noise emissions . 47
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 48
Bibliography . 50
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European foreword
This document (prEN 13288:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 153 “Machinery
intended for use with foodstuffs and feed”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive 2006/42/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
The signification modification regarding the previous version, EN 13288:2005+A1:2009, are the
following:
─ normative references were updated;
─ new informative annex relating to updated list of significant hazards;
─ all safety requirements were updated;
─ list of verification was updated;
─ Annex ZA was updated regarding requests of the European Commission on Machinery Directive
(2006/42/EC).
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prEN 13288:2021 (E)
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved – with the means of the document – by
the above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous
situations or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A- or type-
B-standards, the requirements of this type-C-standard take precedence over the requirements of the
other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this
type-C-standard.
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prEN 13288:2021 (E)
1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies safety and hygiene requirements for the design, installation, operation and
maintenance of lifting and tilting machines used in bakeries and pastry shops for lifting and/or tilting a
container or a machine with non-removable bowl containing dough or pastry foodstuff and for tipping
the contents.
The lifting and tilting machines can be stationary or movable and are designed for products (e.g. mixtures
of flour, water and other ingredients) or raw material (e.g. flour, mixtures etc.).
This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to lifting and
tilting machines, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably
foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex B).
1.2 This document does not deal with the hazards due to the mixing or other function of the bowl (for
dough mixers see EN 453:2014 and for planetary mixers see EN 454:2014).
This document does not deal with specific hazards associated to the properties of the foodstuff (except
the mass).
The following machines are excluded:
─ experimental and testing machines under development by the manufacturer;
─ domestic appliances;
─ motorized driven mobile equipment;
─ lift trucks;
─ automatic devices working in automatic production lines (where the initiation of the movement is
not due to a human action).
In case of a movable machine, this document does not deal with:
─ hazards due to transportation of bowls with the machine;
─ hazards due to the displacement of the machine on its own wheels;
─ powered equipment that may be provided to assist the mobility of mobile bowl lifting and tilting
machine.
When drafting this document, it has been assumed that the machines are not intended to be cleaned with
a water jet.
This document does not deal with any specific requirements on noise emitted from lifting and tilting
machines as the generated noise does not cause a relevant hazard.
This document is not applicable to lifting and tilting machines for bakery which have been manufactured
before the date of publication of this document by CEN.
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2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and
general principles
EN 1672-2:2020, Food processing machinery — Basic concepts — Part 2: Hygiene and cleanability
requirements
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General
requirements (IEC 60204:2005, modified)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN 61310-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for
visual, acoustic and tactile signals
EN ISO 4287:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: profile method — Terms,
definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 4287:1997)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414:2010)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
(ISO 13849-2:2012)
EN ISO 13851:2019, Safety of machinery — Two-hand control devices — Principles for design and selection
(ISO 13851:2019)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
EN ISO 13855:2010, Safety of machinery — Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds
of parts of the human body (ISO 13855:2010)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
As impacted by EN 60529:1991/A1:2000, EN 60529:1991/A2:2013, EN 60529:1991/corrigendum May 1993,
EN 60529:1991/A2:2013/AC:2019-02 and EN 60529:1991/AC:2016-12.
As impacted by EN ISO 4287:1998/AC:2008 and EN ISO 4287:1998/A1:2009.
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EN ISO 14118:2018, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up (ISO 14118:2017)
EN ISO 14119:2013, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for
design and selection (ISO 14119:2013)
EN ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and
construction of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120:2015)
3 Terms, definitions and description
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
bowl
any container and its trolley (if applicable) or an entire mixing machine (mixer)
3.1.2
lifting system
device for the ascending and descending of the bowl
3.1.3
tilting system
device for inclining and discharging of the bowl
Note 1 to entry: In some case, the tilting movement can be included in the ascending movement.
3.1.4
bowl locking device
grip and hold device which keeps the bowl in a safe position before lifting and during lifting, tilting and
descending of the bowl
3.1.5
distance guard
guard which does not completely enclose a hazard zone, but which prevents or reduces access by virtue
of its dimensions and its distance from the hazard zone, for example perimeter fence or tunnel guard
Note 1 to entry: A distance guard can be partially or fully surrounding.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 14120:2015, 3.2.2]
3.1.6
functional automatic stop
stop command given by functional control position device at the end of the stroke
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3.1.7
mechanical stop
mechanical obstacle (for example wedge, spindle, strut, scotch) which, by virtue of its own strength, can
prevent any hazardous movement
[SOURCE: Adapted from EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.7]
3.1.8
safety automatic stop
safety device providing a stop command which prevents the bowl support from reaching the mechanical
stop
[SOURCE: Adapted from EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.8]
3.1.9
stopping time
time interval between the actuation of the sensing function and the termination of the hazardous machine
function
[SOURCE: EN ISO 13855:2010, 3.1.2, modified]
3.1.10
positive mechanical action
positive mechanical action is achieved when a moving mechanical component inevitably moves another
component along with it through rigid elements which are connected together mechanically
[SOURCE: EN ISO 12100:2010, 6.2.5, modified]
3.2 Description
3.2.1 General
Lifting and tilting machines include devices which lift and/or overturn an entire mixing machine (mixer)
or a container (container: vessel containing the product; it can be e.g. a bowl, a tank, a skip, a trolley).
3.2.2 Type A: Lifting and tilting bowl
The bowl can be dismantled from the dough mixer (see examples in Figure 1).
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1a) Type A — Simple guide 1b) Type A — Double guide 1c) Type A — Articulated arm
Figure 1 — Examples of Type-A machine
3.2.3 Type B: Lifting and tilting mixing machine
The mixing machine (usually dough mixer) is incorporated into the elevator and guided by a single or
double, vertical or inclined mast or even by one or more articulated arms (see examples in Figure 2).
Raising or lowering may occur by a screw or chain or hydraulic or pneumatic lifting system.
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2a) Type B — Mixing machine incorporated into simple guide elevator
2b) Type B — Mixing machine incorporated into articulated arm elevator
Figure 2 — Examples of Type-B machine
3.2.4 Type C: Tilting bowl
The bowl can be dismantled from the dough mixer and is located on a fork or platform. When the bowl is
in position, the machine makes a rotation around a fixed axis (see example in Figure 3).
The device is driven mechanically or hydraulically or pneumatically.
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Figure 3 — Examples of Type-C machine
4 Safety and hygiene requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety and hygiene requirements and/or protective measures of this
clause.
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for hazards
relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this document.
For hazards which are to be reduced by the application of type-B-standards such as EN ISO 13857:2019,
EN ISO 13854:2019, EN ISO 13851:2019, EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009, EN ISO 14120:2015,
EN ISO 4413:2010, EN ISO 4414:2010, EN ISO 14118:2018, EN ISO 14119:2013, EN 60204-1:2018,
2)
EN 60529:1991 , EN ISO 12100:2010 and EN ISO 13849-1:2015, the manufacturer shall carry out a risk
assessment to establish the requirements of the type B-standard. This specific risk assessment shall be
part of the general risk assessment of the machine.
4.2 Mechanical hazards
4.2.1 General
Every electrical control circuit with safety functions shall meet at least a performance level “c” defined in
accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2015, unless otherwise indicated. The validation of the performance
level according to EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Clause 8, is not necessary, but the components of the safety
circuits shall comply with EN ISO 13849-2:2012, Annexes A to D.
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Interlocking guards shall be at least interlocking without guard locking as defined in EN ISO 14119:2013,
4.2.1, and they shall comply with EN ISO 14119:2013, Clauses 5 and 6.
Fixed guards shall comply with EN ISO 14120:2015.
4.2.2 Zone 1 – Hazards between moving parts and fixed parts of the building (floor, walls,
columns, ceiling) and fixed parts of the machine
Hazards of trapping and crushing by descending movable parts (including bowl or mixing machine)
towards the floor and ascending or descending movable parts and fixed parts of the machine shall be
prevented by one or a combination of the following:
a) fixed guards according to EN ISO 14120:2015; they shall comply with 4.2.5, and the openings of the
guard shall comply with EN ISO 13857:2019.
b) interlocking guards according to EN ISO 14119:2013 and EN ISO 14120:2015; they shall comply
with 4.2.5, and the openings of the guard shall comply with EN ISO 13857:2019. The stopping time
shall be ≤ 1 s.
c) AOPD (as defined in EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.6) with the detection zone orthogonal to direction of
approach to the danger zone (according to EN ISO 13855:2010, 6.2) with all of the following
requirements:
— detection capability ≤ 30 mm;
— distance from hazardous zone ≥ 300 mm;
— distance between detection zone and the floor ≤ 100 mm;
— height of the detection zone ≥ 1,2 m;
— stopping time: ≤ 0,5 s.
d) AOPD with detection zone parallel to direction of approach to the danger zone (according to
EN ISO 13855:2010, 6.3); all the following requirements shall be fulfilled:
— it shall be positioned in compliance with the requirement of EN ISO 13855:2010, depending on
its height and detection capacity and on the stopping time of the dangerous parts after it has
been activated;
— the laser scanner detection height shall be ≤ 300 mm;
— the descending movement through the area below the laser scanner detection plane shall be
possible only by operating a hold-to-run control in accordance with 4.2.2 e) or with two-hand
control in accordance with 4.2.2 f);
— stopping time: ≤ 0,5 s.
e) hold-to-run control, for descending movement of the bowl; this control shall be located at a minimum
distance of 1 m to reach any hazardous zone where the operator could be struck by the descending
bowl or mixing machine.
f) two-hand control, in accordance with type 2 of EN ISO 13851:2019 or better, for descending
movement. The two-hand control shall be located at a minimum distance of 0,5 m to reach any
hazardous zone where the operator could be struck by the descending bowl or mixing machine.
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The requirements for stopping time and the descending speed of the moving parts are indicated in
Table 1.
In case of two-hand control or hold-to-run control:
— The movement of the bowl or mixing machine, including the discharge area shall be completely
visible from the position where these controls are located.
— If there are areas around the machine which are non-visible from the position where these controls
are located, due to the machine itself, means shall be provided to make them visible (e.g. mirror,
camera, transparent guards, impeding devices).
An area is considered as non-visible from the position where these controls are located when it is behind
not transparent parts and has a width (L) greater than 400 mm and is located higher than 1,3 m from the
floor and which is located at a distance ≤ 1,2 m from any hazardous zone.
In case of a guard, the height of the guard shall be ≥ 1 200 mm. If the height is between 1 200 mm and
1 400 mm, the horizontal distance between the bowl in movement and the guard shall be ≥ 300 mm. If
the height is > 1400 mm, the guard shall comply with EN ISO 13857:2019.
Table 1 — Stopping time and descending speed of the moving parts
H Vertical component of the Stopping time
descending speed
(m) (s)
(m/s)
H > 2,7 No requirement No requirement
0,5 < H ≤ 2,7 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 1
H ≤ 0,5 ≤ 0,2 ≤ 1
For positioning the machine inside the building, see 6.3.
4.2.3 Zone 2 – Hazards of impact or crushing by unintended movement of the lifting system, the
bowl and placing the bowl for being locked by the locking device
Uncontrolled descent of the bowl or mixing machine shall be prevented. All the following measures are
necessary as far as they are relevant:
a) prevent the bowl or mixing machine falling from its support: A bowl locking device with positive
action shall be provided (see EN ISO 12100:2010, 6.2.5). It shall be detected with safety systems that
the bowl is in the right position for being locked and that it is locked. Unlocking shall only be possible
in the lowest position of the bowl by intentional action (e.g. requiring double action). A movement
for hooking the bowl ≤ 200 mm is permitted.
If the bowl locking device is restarted automatically by placing the bowl in the machine, the
requirements given in 4.3.2 shall apply.
b) The bowl support shall be mechanically connected with positive mechanical action (see 3.1.8) with
the motion transmission parts of the machine; or in case it is not possible for technical reasons, it
shall be detected that the load is continuously resting on the descending actuator; the detect system
shall control the stop of the movement as soon as the force on the descending actuator (or the
pressure in case of hydraulic or pneumatic actuator) is 10 % lower than the one generated by the
gravity force due to the bowl support.
This applies also when the lifting is done only with the support without the bowl, but including the
mixer if it is an integral part of the machine.
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In case of hydraulic or pneumatic system a residual descending movement ≤ 200 mm is permitted.
No performance level is required for the force/pressure detecting and the stop controlling system.
The manufacturer shall provide in the instructions detailed information about the procedure for
checking that the detecting and stop controlling system functions correctly and the frequency of the
checks to be carried out (at least monthly) (see 6.3).
The manufacturer shall supply special tools, if needed, for the periodical checks; such special tools
shall be described in the instructions (see 6.3).
c) lifting chains shall be designed to have a working coefficient of 4;
d) lifting ropes shall be designed to have a working coefficient of 5;
e) the rated pressure declared by the manufacturer of the pneumatic and hydraulic components shall
be ≥ 1,6 times the maximum operation pressure as declared by the manufacturer of the machine;
f) system shall be designed for keeping the load in position:
— in the event of a power failure, for example failure of electricity supply, burst of hydraulic hose
(e.g. check valve, pressure relief valve, brake);
— in the event of a screw lifting mechanism failure (e.g. additional nut for a screw nut device);
— prevent the load from falling; in case the rope is rolled out because the load is jammed or stuck
and the obstacle is removed a slack rope device is required ensuring permanent control of the
rope tension.
A residual descending movement ≤ 200 mm is permitted.
4.2.4 Hazards due to overstroke
4.2.4.1 Zone 3 – Hazard of impact or crushing by bowl support falling down at the end of the
upwards stroke
To prevent the bowl support falling down at the end of the stroke, a mechanical stop and a safety
automatic stop shall be required.
The safety automatic stop shall not be used as a functional stop.
4.2.4.2 Zone 4 – Hazard of impact or crushing by machine overturning due to the overstroke of
the bowl support downwards
To prevent the overturning of the machine, a safety automatic stop shall be required.
The safety automatic stop shall not be used as a functional stop.
4.2.5 Zone 5 – Hazards of drawing in, shearing, crushing or entanglement by transmission
system
Access to the transmission system shall be prevented by:
a) fixed enclosing guards according to EN ISO 13857:2019 and EN ISO 14120:2015; and/or
b) distance guards according to EN ISO 13857:2019, Table 1, and EN ISO 14120:2015.
If there are openings in the guard, they shall comply with EN ISO 13857:2019, Table 3 and/or Table 4.
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The profile and dimensions of pulleys for the cables shall allow free and correct winding and shall prevent
their tangling.
The drums on which cables are wound up shall have a diameter of not less than 25 times the diameter of
the cable, or 300 times the wire of which the cable is composed.
For the return pulleys, the diameter shall be not less than 20 times the diameter of the cables or 250 times
the diameter of the wire component.
4.2.6 Zone 6 – Hazards of impact or crushing by the falling down of the tipped contents of the
bowl
The machine shall be equipped with warning devices which give acoustic and lighting warning signals, as
far as the risk assessment carried out by the manufacturer establishes that such a device would not
reduce the risk (for instance because the maximum dischargeable quantity of dough is low).
The signals shall start at least 3 s before the tilting movement begins. The acoustic signal shall have an
equivalent sound pressure level ≥ 70 dB(A). The signals shall be intermittent. The control devices shall
be positioned in such way that the visibility of the volume through which the dough moves falling down
is safeguarded for the operator. The instruction handbook shall specify that if the user puts anything
between the control working place and the dough discharge zone which reduces the visibility, he has to
provide further measures for ensuring the visibility of the volume through which the dough moves falling
down.
4.2.7 Zone 7 – Hazards of impact or crushing by introducing of the scraper or additional optional
devices in the bowl; when used
If the scraper enters the bowl before the bowl performs the upward movement and returns to position
after the bowl descent, the requirements provided to reduce the risk of crushing between moving parts
and fixed parts of the building shall be fulfilled (see 4.2.2).
If the scraper enters the bowl while the bowl is ascending or tilting or after it has stopped in its final
tilting position, it is possible to consider the introducing/extracting of the scraper safe by design only if:
─ the height of the hazard zone from the floor or a surface on which the person could stand
is > 2 700 mm
or
─ all the following requirements are fulfilled:
1) the force exerted by the moving part shall be ≤ 150 N,
2) the pressure exerted by the moving parts against the part of the body most likely to be in contact
with it shall be ≤ 50 N/cm ,
3) the required energy for stopping the relative movement shall be ≤ 10 J.
If not, impact and crushing between bowl and entering scraper shall be prevented by one or a
combination of the following:
a) fixed guards according to EN ISO 14120:2015; the openings of the guard shall comply with
EN ISO 13857:2019;
b) interlocking guards according to EN ISO 14119:2013 and EN ISO 14120:2015; if there are openings
on the guard they shall comply with EN ISO 13857:2019. Any clearance between the interlocking
guard and fixed guards when the interlocking device operates shall comply with EN ISO 13857:2019,
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Table 3, Table 4 and Table 6. The stopping time after activation of the interlocking safety device shall
be ≤ 0,5 s;
c) hold-to-run control which has to be operated up to the end of the introduction of the scraper into the
bowl; this control shall be located at a minimum distance of 1 m from any hazardous zone so that the
operator cannot be struck by the scraper and bowl. The stopping time after the release of the hold-
to-run control shall be ≤ 0,5 s;
d) two-hand control, in accordance with type 2 of EN ISO 13851:2019 or better, which has to be
operated up to the end of the introduction of the scraper into the bowl. The two-hand control shall
be located at a minimum distance of 0,5 m from any hazardous zones so that the operator cannot be
struck by the scraper and bowl. The stopping time after having released even only one of the two
controls of the two-hand control shall be ≤ 0,5 s.
In case of two-hand control or hold-to-run control:
─ the linear relative speed between the scraper entering the bowl and the bowl shall be ≤ 200 mm/s;
─ the whole area under the bowl, including the discharge area, shall be completely visible from the
position where these controls are located.
If there are areas around the machine which are non-visible from the position where these controls are
located, due to the machine itself, means shall be provided to make them visible (e.g. mirror, camera,
transparent guards, impeding devices).
An area is considered as non-visible from the position where these controls are located when it is behind
not transparent parts and has a width (L) greater than 400 mm and is located higher than 1,3 m from the
floor and which is located at a distance ≤ 1,2 m from the hazardous zone.
The linear relative speed between the coming out scraper and the bowl shall be ≤ 200 mm/s.
If the relative movement of the coming out scraper and the bowl is rectilinear, no further requirement is
required.
If the relative movement of the scraper out of the bowl is not rectilinear:
─ the same requirements shall be provided for the scraper entering the bowl
or
─ the distance between the bowl and the scraper in every point of their relative movement shall comply
with the requirements of EN ISO 13854:2019, considering that the most likely exposed part of the
body is:
1) the head if the height of the hazard zone from the floor or every surface on which the person
could stand is ≤ 1 800 mm;
2) the arm if the height of the hazard zone from the floor or every surface on which the person could
stand is > 1 800 mm and ≤ 2 200 mm;
3) the hand if the height of the hazard zone from the floor or every surface on which the person
could stand is > 2 200 mm and ≤ 2 500 mm;
4) the fingers if the height of the hazard zone from the floor or every surface on which the person
could stand is > 2 500 mm and ≤ 2 700 mm.
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4.2.8 Zone 8 – Hazards of trapping and shearing by bowl driving mechanism
Hazards of trapping and shearing by bowl driving mechanism shall be prevented by one or a combination
of the following:
a) fixed guards according to EN ISO 14120:2015; they shall comply with 4.2.5 and the openings of the
guard shall comply with EN ISO 13857:2019;
b) interlocking guards according to EN ISO 14119:2013 and EN ISO 14120:2015; they shall comply
with 4.2.5, and the openings of the guard shall
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