ISO 15926-2:2003

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15926-2
First edition
2003-12-15
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Integration of life-cycle
data for process plants including oil and
gas production facilities —
Part 2:
Data model
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Intégration de
données de cycle de vie pour les industries de «process», y compris
les usines de production de pétrole et de gaz —
Partie 2: Modèle de données
Reference number
©
ISO 2003
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ii © ISO 2003 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions. 2
3.2 Abbreviations . 4
4 Fundamental concepts and assumptions. 4
4.1 Conceptual data model . 4
4.2 Data model design. 5
4.3 System identifiers. 5
4.4 Record management information . 5
4.5 Documentation conventions. 6
4.5.1 Entity and attribute definitions. 6
4.5.2 Diagrams. 6
4.5.2.1 Space-time maps . 6
4.5.2.2 Model diagrams. 7
4.5.2.3 Instance diagrams. 7
4.6 Data model concepts . 8
4.6.1 Thing. 8
4.6.2 Possible individual. 9
4.6.3 Class. 9
4.6.4 Relationship . 9
4.6.5 Multidimensional object . 10
4.7 Possible individual . 10
4.7.1 Composition of possible individual . 11
4.7.2 Temporal part of individual . 12
4.7.3 Connection of individual . 13
4.7.4 Temporal sequence of individual. 15
4.7.5 Subtypes of individual . 16
4.7.6 Actual individual. 16
4.7.7 Lifecycle stage of individual. 17
4.7.8 Whole life individual . 18
4.7.9 Arranged individual . 19
4.7.9.1 Arrangement of individual . 19
4.7.10 Event and point in time. 21
4.7.11 Period in time. 24
4.7.12 Physical object . 26
4.7.13 Materialised physical object . 26
4.7.14 Functional physical object . 27
4.7.15 Spatial location . 28
4.7.16 Stream . 28
4.7.17 Activity . 29
4.7.18 Approval . 32
4.8 Class . 33
4.8.1 Classification . 33
4.8.2 Specialization. 35
4.8.3 Types of class. 36
4.8.3.1 Class of individual . 36
4.8.3.2 Class of class. 37
4.8.3.3 Class of relationship. 37
4.8.4 Class of individual . 41
4.8.4.1 Class of arranged individual. 42
4.8.4.2 Representation. 47
4.8.4.3 Property. 56
4.8.4.4 Status and class of status. 64
4.8.4.5 Shape and dimension. 65
4.8.4.6 Class of event and point in time. 71
4.8.4.7 Class of period in time . 72
4.8.4.8 Role and domain . 73
4.8.4.9 Class of activity. 75
4.8.4.10 Class of class of individual . 77
4.8.5 Numbers. 78
4.8.5.1 Arithmetic number . 78
4.8.5.2 Class of number . 79
4.9 Functional mapping. 82
4.10 Other user defined relationships. 85
4.10.1 Other relationship . 85
4.10.2 Class of relationship with signature. 86
4.10.3 Cardinality constraints . 88
4.10.4 Assymetric other relationship classes . 88
5 Lifecycle integration schema. 90
5.1 Introduction . 90
5.2 Schema definition. 90
5.2.1 Things . 90
5.2.1.1 abstract_object . 91
5.2.1.2 thing . 91
5.2.2 Classes . 92
5.2.2.1 class. 93
5.2.2.2 class_of_abstract_object . 94
5.2.2.3 classification. 94
5.2.2.4 specialization. 95
5.2.3 Classes of class . 96
5.2.3.1 class_of_class. 96
5.2.3.2 class_of_classification. 97
5.2.3.3 class_of_property_space . 97
5.2.3.4 class_of_specialization. 98
5.2.4 Multidimensional objects. 98
5.2.4.1 class_of_multidimensional_object. 99
5.2.4.2 multidimensional_object. 100
5.2.5 Numbers. 101
5.2.5.1 arithmetic_number . 102
5.2.5.2 boundary_of_number_space . 103
5.2.5.3 class_of_number . 103
5.2.5.4 enumerated_number_set . 103
5.2.5.5 integer_number . 104
5.2.5.6 lower_bound_of_number_range . 104
5.2.5.7 multidimensional_number. 104
5.2.5.8 multidimensional_number_space. 104
5.2.5.9 number_range. 105
5.2.5.10 number_space. 105
5.2.5.11 real_number . 105
5.2.5.12 upper_bound_of_number_range . 105
5.2.6 Possible individuals . 106
5.2.6.1 actual_individual. 107
iv © ISO 2003 – All rights reserved

5.2.6.2 arranged_individual. 108
5.2.6.3 arrangement_of_individual . 108
5.2.6.4 assembly_of_individual . 109
5.2.6.5 composition_of_individual . 109
5.2.6.6 feature_whole_part. 109
5.2.6.7 functional_physical_object . 110
5.2.6.8 materialized_physical_object. 110
5.2.6.9 period_in_time . 110
5.2.6.10 physical_object. 111
5.2.6.11 possible_individual . 111
5.2.6.12 spatial_location . 112
5.2.6.13 stream. 112
5.2.6.14 temporal_whole_part. 112
5.2.6.15 whole_life_individual . 113
5.2.7 Classes of individual. 113
5.2.7.1 class_of_arrangement_of_individual . 114
5.2.7.2 class_of_assembly_of_individual . 115
5.2.7.3 class_of_class_of_composition. 115
5.2.7.4 class_of_class_of_individual . 116
5.2.7.5 class_of_composition_of_individual . 116
5.2.7.6 class_of_event. 116
5.2.7.7 class_of_feature_whole_part. 117
5.2.7.8 class_of_individual . 117
5.2.7.9 class_of_period_in_time . 117
5.2.7.10 class_of_point_in_time . 118
5.2.7.11 class_of_status . 118
5.2.7.12 class_of_temporal_whole_part . 118
5.2.7.13 status. 118
5.2.8 Classes of arranged individual. 119
5.2.8.1 class_of_arranged_individual . 120
5.2.8.2 class_of_atom. 120
5.2.8.3 class_of_biological_matter . 121
5.2.8.4 class_of_composite_material . 121
5.2.8.5 class_of_compound. 121
5.2.8.6 class_of_feature . 121
5.2.8.7 class_of_functional_object. 122
5.2.8.8 class_of_inanimate_physical_object. 122
5.2.8.9 class_of_information_object. 122
5.2.8.10 class_of_information_presentation . 123
5.2.8.11 class_of_molecule. 123
5.2.8.12 class_of_organism. 123
5.2.8.13 class_of_organization. 123
5.2.8.14 class_of_particulate_material. 124
5.2.8.15 class_of_person. 124
5.2.8.16 class_of_sub_atomic_particle . 124
5.2.8.17 crystalline_structure. 124
5.2.8.18 phase. 125
5.2.9 Activities and events. 125
5.2.9.1 activity. 126
5.2.9.2 beginning. 127
5.2.9.3 cause_of_event. 127
5.2.9.4 ending. 127
5.2.9.5 event. 128
5.2.9.6 involvement_by_reference. 128
5.2.9.7 participation . 128
5.2.9.8  point_in_time . 129
5.2.9.9  recognition . 129
5.2.9.10  temporal_bounding . 130
5.2.10 Classes of activity . 130
5.2.10.1 class_of_activity. 131
5.2.10.2 class_of_cause_of_beginning_of_class_of_individual. 132
5.2.10.3 class_of_cause_of_ending_of_class_of_individual . 132
5.2.10.4 class_of_involvement_by_reference. 133
5.2.10.5 class_of_participation . 133
5.2.10.6 class_of_recognition . 134
5.2.11 Relationships. 134
5.2.11.1 other_relationship. 135
5.2.11.2 relationship. 136
5.2.12 Classes of relationship . 137
5.2.12.1 class_of_assertion . 137
5.2.12.2 class_of_relationship. 138
5.2.12.3 class_of_relationship_with_related_end_1 . 139
5.2.12.4 class_of_relationship_with_related_end_2 . 139
5.2.13 Roles and domains . 140
5.2.13.1 cardinality. 140
5.2.13.2 class_of_relationship_with_signature . 141
5.2.13.3 participating_role_and_domain. 142
5.2.13.4 role . 142
5.2.13.5 role_and_domain. 142
5.2.13.6 specialization_by_domain. 142
5.2.13.7 specialization_by_role. 143
5.2.14 Classes of class of relationship . 143
5.2.14.1 class_of_class_of_relationship. 144
5.2.14.2 class_of_class_of_relationship_with_signature . 145
5.2.14.3 class_of_scale. 145
5.2.15 Functions. 145
5.2.15.1 class_of_functional_mapping . 146
5.2.15.2 class_of_isomorphic_functional_mapping. 147
5.2.15.3 functional_mapping. 147
5.2.16 Representations of things. 148
5.2.16.1 definition . 148
5.2.16.2 description. 149
5.2.16.3 identification . 149
5.2.16.4 representation_of_thing. 149
5.2.16.5 responsibility_for_representation. 150
5.2.16.6 usage_of_representation. 150
5.2.17 Classes of representation . 151
5.2.17.1 class_of_definition . 152
5.2.17.2 class_of_description. 153
5.2.17.3 class_of_identification . 153
5.2.17.4 class_of_information_representation . 153
5.2.17.5 class_of_representation_of_thing . 154
5.2.17.6 class_of_representation_translation . 154
5.2.17.7 class_of_responsibility_for_representation. 155
5.2.17.8 class_of_usage_of_representation. 155
5.2.18 EXPRESS and UTC representations . 156
5.2.18.1 EXPRESS_Boolean . 156
5.2.18.2 EXPRESS_binary . 157
5.2.18.3 EXPRESS_integer. 157
5.2.18.4 EXPRESS_logical. 158
vi © ISO 2003 – All rights reserved

5.2.18.5 EXPRESS_real. 158
5.2.18.6 EXPRESS_string. 159
5.2.18.7 class_of_EXPRESS_information_representation . 159
5.2.18.8 representation_of_Gregorian_date_and_UTC_time . 160
5.2.19 Classes of class of representation . 161
5.2.19.1 class_of_class_of_definition . 162
5.2.19.2 class_of_class_of_description. 163
5.2.19.3 class_of_class_of_identification . 163
5.2.19.4 class_of_class_of_information_representation . 163
5.2.19.5 class_of_class_of_representation. 163
5.2.19.6 class_of_class_of_representation_translation . 164
5.2.19.7 class_of_class_of_responsibility_for_representation. 164
5.2.19.8 class_of_class_of_usage_of_representation. 165
5.2.19.9 document_definition . 165
5.2.19.10 language . 166
5.2.19.11 representation_form . 166
5.2.20 Namespaces . 166
5.2.20.1 class_of_left_namespace. 167
5.2.20.2 class_of_namespace . 167
5.2.20.3 class_of_right_namespace. 168
5.2.20.4 left_namespace. 168
5.2.20.5 namespace . 168
5.2.20.6 right_namespace. 169
5.2.21 Connections . 169
5.2.21.1 class_of_connection_of_individual. 170
5.2.21.2 class_of_direct_connection . 171
5.2.21.3 class_of_indirect_connection. 171
5.2.21.4 class_of_individual_used_in_connection. 172
5.2.21.5 connection_of_individual. 172
5.2.21.6 direct_connection . 173
5.2.21.7 indirect_connection. 173
5.2.21.8 individual_used_in_connection. 173
5.2.22 Relative locations and sequences. 174
5.2.22.1 class_of_containment_of_individual . 174
5.2.22.2 class_of_relative_location. 175
5.2.22.3 class_of_temporal_sequence. 175
5.2.22.4 containment_of_individual . 176
5.2.22.5 relative_location. 176
5.2.22.6 temporal_sequence. 177
5.2.23 Lifecycle stages and approvals . 177
5.2.23.1 approval. 178
5.2.23.2 class_of_approval. 179
5.2.23.3 class_of_approval_by_status. 179
5.2.23.4 class_of_lifecycle_stage. 180
5.2.23.5 lifecycle_stage. 180
5.2.24 Possible and intended roles. 180
5.2.24.1 class_of_intended_role_and_domain. 181
5.2.24.2 class_of_possible_role_and_domain. 182
5.2.24.3 intended_role_and_domain . 182
5.2.24.4 possible_role_and_domain. 183
5.2.25 Set operations. 183
5.2.25.1 difference_of_set_of_class. 184
5.2.25.2 enumerated_set_of_class. 185
5.2.25.3 intersection_of_set_of_class . 185
5.2.25.4 union_of_set_of_class. 185
5.2.26 Properties . 186
5.2.26.1 class_of_indirect_property. 187
5.2.26.2 comparison_of_property . 188
5.2.26.3 indirect_property. 188
5.2.26.4 multidimensional_property . 189
5.2.26.5 property . 189
5.2.26.6 property_quantification. 189
5.2.27 Classes of property. 190
5.2.27.1 boundary_of_property_space. 191
5.2.27.2 class_of_property . 192
5.2.27.3 enumerated_property_set . 192
5.2.27.4 lower_bound_of_property_range. 192
5.2.27.5 multidimensional_property_space . 193
5.2.27.6 property_range . 193
5.2.27.7 property_space . 193
5.2.27.8 single_property_dimension . 194
5.2.27.9 upper_bound_of_property_range. 194
5.2.28 Scale conversions. 194
5.2.28.1 class_of_scale_conversion . 195
5.2.28.2 coordinate_system. 196
5.2.28.3 multidimensional_scale. 196
5.2.28.4 scale. 196
5.2.29 Shapes . 197
5.2.29.1 class_of_dimension_for_shape . 197
5.2.29.2 class_of_shape . 198
5.2.29.3 class_of_shape_dimension. 198
5.2.29.4 dimension_of_individual. 198
5.2.29.5 dimension_of_shape. 199
5.2.29.6 individual_dimension. 199
5.2.29.7 property_for_shape_dimension. 200
5.2.29.8 property_space_for_class_of_shape_dimension. 200
5.2.29.9 shape. 200
5.2.29.10 shape_dimension. 201
5.2.29.11 specialization_of_individual_dimension_from_property . 201
Annex A (normative) Information object registration . 202
Annex B (informative) Computer interpretable listings . 203
Annex C (informative) Use of ISO 10303-11 EXPRESS. 204
Annex D (informative) Some notes on set theory in ISO15926 . 205
Annex E (informative) An analysis of the uses and meanings of associations. 209
Bibliography . 218
Index . 219
Figures
Figure 1 — Three level architecture . 4
Figure 2 — Space-time map . 6
Figure 3 — Model diagram. 7
Figure 4 — Instance diagram notation. 7
viii © ISO 2003 – All rights reserved

Figure 5 — Example diagram notation. 8
Figure 6 — Part of the model subtype/supertype hierarchy . 9
Figure 7 — Possible individual as a space-time extension. 10
Figure 8 — Instance diagram for possible individual #1234. 11
Figure 9 — Composition of individual relationships. 11
Figure 10 — Intersecting space-time extensions .11
Figure 11 — Instance diagram for composition of individual. 12
Figure 12 — Temporal part . 12
Figure 13 — Temporal whole part relationships . 12
Figure 14 — Temporal part #9012 of #1234 .13
Figure 15 — Connected space-time extensions. 13
Figure 16 — Connection of individual . 14
Figure 17 — Shaft seal direct connection. 14
Figure 18 — Individual used in connection. 14
Figure 19 — Shaft crankcase indirect connection . 15
Figure 20 — Sequence of space-time extensions . 15
Figure 21 — Temporal sequence. 16
Figure 22 — James Watt and the Battle of Hastings . 16
Figure 23 — Subtypes of possible_individual. 16
Figure 24 — Possible and actual individuals. 17
Figure 25 — Instance diagram of possible and actual individuals . 17
Figure 26 — Lifecycle relationship . 17
Figure 27 — The pump required by XYZ Co. 18
Figure 28 — Space-time map of a piece of plastic . 18
Figure 29 — Plastic piece and
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