ISO/FDIS 4638
(Main)Polymeric materials, cellular flexible — Determination of air flow permeability
General Information
- Abstract
Applicable to test pieces cut from products of cellular materials. Useful for two purposes: a) studying the structure of cellular products in connection with their physical properties and their method of manufacture and b) ensuring product quality (quality assurance). Describes principle, apparatus, test piece and conditions, procedure and calculation and expression of the results. Three figures deliver the details for testing.
- Status
- Not Published
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 45/SC 4 - Products (other than hoses)
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 45/SC 4/WG 8 - Flexible and semi-rigid cellular material
- Current Stage
- 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
- Start Date
- 07-Aug-2026
- Completion Date
- 07-Aug-2026
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ISO/FDIS 4638 - Polymeric materials, cellular flexible — Determination of air flow permeability
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ISO/FDIS 4638 - Matériaux polymères alvéolaires souples — Détermination de la perméabilité à l'air
Overview
ISO/FDIS 4638: Polymeric materials, cellular flexible - Determination of air flow permeability is an international standard published by ISO for measuring the air flow permeability of flexible cellular polymeric materials. This method is applicable to test pieces cut from cellular polymeric products and serves two main purposes:
- Studying the relationship between cellular structure and physical properties of materials
- Ensuring and controlling product quality for quality assurance
This standard details the testing principles and methodology, specifies the required apparatus, sample preparation, testing conditions, and calculation and expression of results. The test procedure involves passing air through a cellular sample under controlled conditions, measuring the pressure drop, and calculating permeability based on established scientific principles.
Key Topics
Scope of Application
- Applicable to flexible cellular polymeric materials
- Test pieces can be cylinders or parallelepipeds cut from finished products
Testing Methodology
- Air is passed through the sample, and the pressure drop is measured
- Permeability is calculated using Darcy's Law for laminar flow conditions
Apparatus and Setup
- Measurement cell (cylindrical or parallelepipedal)
- Air flow source capable of producing and controlling low air velocities
- Flowmeters for accurate volumetric air flow measurement
- Devices to measure pressure drop and sample thickness
Preparation and Testing Conditions
- Test pieces must be prepared to specific dimensions for a leak-free fit
- Surfaces are made planar for consistent results
- Testing is performed under standardized conditions to ensure material properties have stabilized
Result Calculation and Expression
- Air flow permeability, specific air flow resistance, and air flow resistance are calculated
- Results are recorded, summarized, and often presented graphically
- Test reports include complete data, methodology, and any deviations from standard procedures
Applications
ISO/FDIS 4638 is widely used in industries that produce or utilize flexible cellular polymeric materials such as foams, sponges, and certain insulation products. Key uses include:
- Product Development: Determining how the cellular structure influences air permeability, which is linked to properties such as acoustic absorption, filtration efficiency, or thermal insulation
- Quality Assurance: Consistent testing allows manufacturers to monitor and control batch-to-batch variation, ensuring product performance meets required specifications
- Research and Technical Studies: Used in materials science research to correlate processing methods, chemical additives, and physical behaviors with air flow properties
- Market Compliance: Ensures products conform to international performance expectations, supporting trade and regulatory acceptance
Air flow permeability testing is particularly important in applications where breathability, moisture regulation, or acoustic damping are required, such as in automotive interiors, furniture, construction insulation, and specialty packaging.
Related Standards
For a comprehensive approach to testing and evaluating cellular polymeric materials, the following standards are relevant:
- ISO 7231: Polymeric materials, cellular, flexible - Determination of air flow value at constant pressure-drop (suitable for simplified quality control)
- ISO 845: Cellular plastics and rubbers - Determination of apparent density (used for density measurements referenced in ISO 4638)
- ISO 23529: Rubber - General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods
These related standards provide guidance on sample preparation, additional test methods, and complementary measurements that enhance the value and applicability of air flow permeability testing in quality assurance programs and research.
Keywords: ISO 4638, air flow permeability, cellular polymeric materials, flexible foam testing, quality assurance, permeability testing, cellular structure analysis, Darcy's Law, ISO standards, physical properties of polymers
Relations
- Effective Date
- 12-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 17-Jan-2026
- Revises
ISO 4638:1984 - Polymeric materials, cellular flexible — Determination of air flow permeability - Effective Date
- 10-Jan-2026
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ISO/FDIS 4638 - Polymeric materials, cellular flexible — Determination of air flow permeability
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ISO/FDIS 4638 - Matériaux polymères alvéolaires souples — Détermination de la perméabilité à l'air
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Frequently Asked Questions
ISO/FDIS 4638 is a draft published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Polymeric materials, cellular flexible — Determination of air flow permeability". This standard covers: Applicable to test pieces cut from products of cellular materials. Useful for two purposes: a) studying the structure of cellular products in connection with their physical properties and their method of manufacture and b) ensuring product quality (quality assurance). Describes principle, apparatus, test piece and conditions, procedure and calculation and expression of the results. Three figures deliver the details for testing.
Applicable to test pieces cut from products of cellular materials. Useful for two purposes: a) studying the structure of cellular products in connection with their physical properties and their method of manufacture and b) ensuring product quality (quality assurance). Describes principle, apparatus, test piece and conditions, procedure and calculation and expression of the results. Three figures deliver the details for testing.
ISO/FDIS 4638 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 83.100 - Cellular materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO/FDIS 4638 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to prEN ISO 4638, ISO 19702:2024, ISO 4638:1984. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ISO/FDIS 4638 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 45/SC 4
Polymeric materials, cellular
Secretariat: DSM
flexible — Determination of air flow
Voting begins on:
permeability
2026-08-07
Matériaux polymères alvéolaires souples — Détermination de la
Voting terminates on:
perméabilité à l'air
2026-10-30
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 45/SC 4
Polymeric materials, cellular
Secretariat: DSM
flexible — Determination of air flow
Voting begins on:
permeability
Matériaux polymères alvéolaires souples — Détermination de la
Voting terminates on:
perméabilité à l'air
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
ISO/FDIS 4638:2026(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
4.1 General .1
4.2 Air flow permeability .2
4.3 Specific air flow resistance.2
4.4 Air flow resistance .2
5 Apparatus .3
5.1 General .3
5.2 Measurement cell .3
5.3 Means of providing air flow .3
5.3.1 Source .3
5.3.2 Characteristics of the flow .3
5.4 Means of measuring volumetric flow rate .4
5.5 Means of measuring pressure drop .4
5.6 Means of measuring test piece thickness .4
6 Test pieces .4
6.1 Shape .4
6.2 Dimensions .4
6.2.1 Lateral dimensions .4
6.2.2 Thickness .5
6.3 Preparation .5
6.4 Number of test pieces .5
7 Testing conditions . 5
8 Procedure . 5
9 Calculation and expression of results .6
9.1 For homogeneous test pieces .6
9.2 For non-homogeneous test pieces .7
9.3 Precision . . .7
10 Test report .8
Bibliography .11
iii
ISO/FDIS 4638:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee
SC 4, Products (other than hoses), in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 249, Plastics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4638:1984), of which it constitutes a minor
revision. The change is as follows:
— reference to the withdrawn document ISO 471 replaced with ISO 23529.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4638 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/FDIS 4638:2026(en)
Introduction
The air flow permeability of cellular materials indicates, in an indirect manner, some of their structural
properties. It can be used to establish correlations between the structure of these materials and some of
their physical properties. It also enables identification of the modifications to cellular structures produced
by chemical agents used in foaming, for example catalysts or surfactants.
This document is, therefore, useful for two purposes:
a) in studying the structure of cellular products in connection with their physical properties and their
method of manufacture;
b) in ensuring product quality (quality assurance).
NOTE Details of publications relating to flow behaviour in both laminar and turbulent conditions are given in
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
References .
v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 4638:2026(en)
Polymeric materials, cellular flexible — Determination of air
flow permeability
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the permeability of flexible cellular polymeric
materials to air flow.
It is applicable to test pieces cut from products of cellular material.
[6]
NOTE ISO 7231 specifies a simple quality control method which is also based on the flow of air through cellular
materials. This can be used when it is not the intention to calculate the intrinsic properties of various materials in
order to compare them, but merely to control the quality of a given cellular material.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 845, Cellular plastics and rubbers — Determination of apparent density
ISO 23529, Rubber — General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
4.1 General
Passing air under controlled conditions through a test piece in the form of a cylinder or parallelepiped.
Measurement of the pressure drop between the two free faces of the test piece.
ISO/FDIS 4638:2026(en)
4.2 Air flow permeability
K, is given by Darcy's law (see Figure 1), which describes the air flow in a homogeneous and isotropic (see
4.2, Note 1) porous medium under laminar flow conditions (see 4.2, Note 2) by Formula (1):
(1)
where
u is the linear air flow velocity, in metres per second;
q is the volumetric air flow rate crossing the test piece, in cubic metres per second;
V
A is the right cross-sectional area of the test piece, in square metres;
K is the flow permeability of the porous medium, in square metres;
Δp is the pressure drop across the test piece, in pascals;
η is the dynamic viscosity of air, in pascal seconds;
δ is the thickness of the test piece, in metres.
NOTE 1 For anisotropic materials, the direction of the flow must be defined.
NOTE 2 For the flow of air to be laminar in the interior of the porous medium, the conditions shown in Formula (2)
must be fulfilled:
(2)
where
Re* is the modified Reynolds number;
v is the kinematic viscosity of air, in square metres per second;
n is a limiting value depending on the structure of the product. In the absence of precise data on
...
ISO/DISFDIS 4638
ISO/TC 45/SC 4
Secretariat: DSM
Date: 2026-05-0607-23
Polymeric materials, cellular flexible — Determination of air flow
permeability
Matériaux polymères alvéolaires souples — Détermination de la perméabilité à l'air
DISFDIS stage
TThhiis drs draafftt i is s susubbmmiitttteed d ttoo aa ppaarraallellel l vvoottee i inn IISSOO,, CCEEN.N.
ISO/DISFDIS 4638:2026(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/DISFDIS 4638:2026(en)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Test pieces . 4
7 Testing conditions . 5
8 Procedure . 5
9 Calculation and expression of results . 6
10 Test report . 8
Bibliography . 14
iii
ISO/DISFDIS 4638:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee
SC 4, Products(other than hoses (other than hoses), in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 249, Plastics, in accordance with the Agreement on
technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4638:1984), of which has been technically
revised.
it constitutes a minor revision. The main changes arechange is as follows:
— editorial changes throughoutreference to the withdrawn document ISO 471 replaced with ISO 23529.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4638 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/DISFDIS 4638:2026(en)
Introduction
The air flow permeability of cellular materials indicates, in an indirect manner, some of their structural
properties. It maycan be used to establish correlations between the structure of these materials and some of
their physical properties. It also enables identification of the modifications to cellular structures produced by
chemical agents used in foaming, for example catalysts or surfactants.
This International Standarddocument is, therefore, useful for two purposes:
a) in studying the structure of cellular products in connection with their physical properties and their
method of manufacture;
b) in ensuring product quality (quality assurance).
NOTE Details of publications relating to flow behaviour in both laminar and turbulent conditions are given in
References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]bibliography .
v
ISO/DISFDIS 4638:2026(en)
Polymeric materials, cellular flexible — Determination of air flow
permeability
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the permeability of flexible cellular polymeric
materials to air flow.
It is applicable to test pieces cut from products of cellular material.
NOTE ISO 7231ISO 7231 specifies a simple quality control method which is also based on the flow of air through
cellular materials. This can be used when it is not the intention to calculate the intrinsic properties of various materials
in order to compare them, but merely to control the quality of a given cellular material.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 845, Cellular plastics and rubbers — Determination of apparent density
ISO 23529, Rubber — General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Principle
4.1 General
Passing air under controlled conditions through a test piece in the form of a cylinder or parallelepiped.
Measurement of the pressure drop between the two free faces of the test piece.
4.2 Air flow permeability
K,Is, is given by Darcy's law (see Figure 1), which describes the air flow in a homogeneous and isotropic (see
4.2, Note 1) porous medium under laminar flow conditions (see 4.2, Note 2) by Formula (1):
𝑞𝑞 𝐾𝐾Δ𝑝𝑝
𝑉𝑉
𝑢𝑢 = = (1)
𝐴𝐴 𝜂𝜂𝜂𝜂
where
u is the linear air flow velocity, in metres per second;
q is the volumetric air flow rate crossing the test piece, in cubic metres per second;
V
A is the right cross-sectional area of the test piece, in square metres;
ISO/DISFDIS 4638:2026(en)
K is the flow permeability of the porous medium, in square metres;
Δp is the pressure drop across the test piece, in pascals;
η is the dynamic viscosity of air, in pascal seconds;
δ is the thickness of the test piece, in metres.
NOTE 1 For anisotropic materials, it is necessary to define the direction of the flow must be defined.
NOTE 2 For the flow of air to be laminar in the interior of the porous medium, it is necessary for the followingthe
conditions shown in Formula (2)to must be fulfilled:
𝑢𝑢√𝐾𝐾
∗
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 = <𝑛𝑛 (2)
𝑣𝑣
where
Re* is the modified Reynolds number;
v is the kinematic viscosity of air, in square metres per second;
𝑛𝑛n is a limiting value depending on the structure of the product. In the absence of precise data on this subject, it is
sufficient to use several very low air flow rates of the order of centimetres per second, on a single type of material, to verify that
K does not vary or varies only slightly, with changes in u (see 9.1).
4.3 Specific air flow resistance
R ,, is a parameter derived from the permeability of a material, used particularly in the field of acoustics,and
s
is derived from permeability by theFormula (3):
𝜂𝜂
𝑅𝑅 = (3)
𝑆𝑆
𝐾𝐾
-2
It is expressed in pascal seconds per square metre (Pa·s·m ).
4.4 Air flow resistance
R, is related to the thickness of the material δ, whether it is homogeneous or not (it maycan even consist of a
skinned surface or a coating which is more or less porous, such as paint etc.). If the material is homogeneous
it is proportional to the specific air flow resistance by the relationship as shown in Formula (4):
𝑅𝑅 =𝛿𝛿.𝑅𝑅 ·𝑅𝑅 (4)
𝑆𝑆 𝑆𝑆
In every case, R can be derived directly from Darcy's law which is then written as shown in Formula (5):
𝑞𝑞 ∆𝑝𝑝
𝑣𝑣
𝑢𝑢 = = (5)
𝐴𝐴 𝑅𝑅
𝑠𝑠
The inverse relationship Rs= = R /δ can only be used to calculate R if the material is homogeneous.
-1
airAir flow resistance is expressed in pascal seconds per metre (Pa·s·m ).
5 Apparatus
5.1 General
The apparatus consists of a measurement cell into which the test piece may be placed, and means for
production of a steady flow of air, for measuring the volumetric air flow rate, for measuring the pressure drop
and for measuring the thickness of the test piece when positioned for the test.
An example of a suitable apparatus is shown schematically in Figure 2.
It shall include the following elements described in 5.2 to 5.6.
ISO/DISFDIS 4638:2026(en)
5.2 Measurement cell
The measurement cell shall be in the shape of a parallelepiped or a cylinder.
An example of a cylindrical measurement cell is illustrated in Figure 3.
If the shape is cylindrical, an internal diameter between 50 and 120 mm is suitable (cross-section between 20
and 110 cm ).
For parallelepipeds, the preferred cross-section is a square of side between 45 mm and 105 mm,
corresponding to the same limits of cross-sectional area as for the cylindrical shape.
The total height of the cell shall be at least 100 mm greater than the thickness of the test piece. For tests other
than for quality assurance, it is useful to make allowance for the use of test pieces of differing thicknesses, not
exceeding half the total height of the measurement cell.
NOTE 1 Experience has shown that, for certain cellular products, it is necessary to use test pieces ofwith
a thicknesses of the order of 100 mm must be used, and a sufficiently deep measurement cell ismust therefore
necessarybe used.
The test piece shall rest inside the measurement cell on a perforated support positioned 50 mm above the
base of the cell. This support shall have a minimum open proportion of 70 % of its overall area, evenly
distributed.
The tapping points for the measurement of pressure and air flow shall be leak free and arranged below the
level of the perforated support.
NOTE 2 Calculations in 8.6 are facilitated if the area of the test piece is standardized at 25 or 100 cm (56,5 or 113 mm
diameter; square of side 50 or 100 mm). Then u, in metres per second, is equal to 400 q or 100 q depending on whether
V V
the small or the large test piece is used. Calculations in Clause 10 are facilitated if the area of the test piece is standardized
at 18,5 cm (48,5 mm diameter; square of side 45 mm) and t
...
PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 45/SC 4
Matériaux polymères alvéolaires
Secrétariat: DSM
souples — Détermination de la
Début de vote:
perméabilité à l'air
2026-08-07
Polymeric materials, cellular flexible — Determination of air flow
Vote clos le:
permeability
2026-10-30
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
PROJETS DE NORMES
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
NORMES POUVANT
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
Numéro de référence
PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 45/SC 4
Matériaux polymères alvéolaires
Secrétariat: DSM
souples — Détermination de la
Début de vote:
perméabilité à l'air
2026-08-07
Polymeric materials, cellular flexible — Determination of air flow
Vote clos le:
permeability
2026-10-30
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
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Publié en Suisse Numéro de référence
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Principe. 1
4.1 Généralités .1
4.2 Perméabilité au passage de l'air .2
4.3 Résistance spécifique au passage de l'air .2
4.4 Résistance au passage de l'air .2
5 Appareillage . 3
5.1 Généralités .3
5.2 Cellule de mesure .3
5.3 Système pour la réalisation de l'écoulement d'air .4
5.3.1 Source .4
5.3.2 Caractéristiques de l'écoulement .4
5.4 Dispositif de mesure du débit-volume .4
5.5 Appareil de mesure de la pression différentielle .4
5.6 Dispositif de mesure de l'épaisseur de l'éprouvette .4
6 Éprouvettes. 5
6.1 Forme .5
6.2 Dimensions .5
6.2.1 Dimensions latérales.5
6.2.2 Épaisseur .5
6.3 Préparation .5
6.4 Nombre d'éprouvettes.6
7 Conditions d'essai . 6
8 Mode opératoire . 6
9 Calcul et expression des résultats . 6
9.1 Cas des éprouvettes homogènes .6
9.2 Cas des éprouvettes non homogènes .8
9.3 Fidélité .8
10 Rapport d'essai . 8
Bibliographie .12
iii
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a
été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir
www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l’utilisation
d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l’applicabilité de
tout droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l’ISO n’avait pas
reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application. Toutefois,
il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des informations
plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à l’adresse
www.iso.org/brevets. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié tout ou partie de
tels droits de brevet.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de
l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 45, Élastomères et produits à base
d'élastomères, sous-comité SC 4, Produits (autres que tuyaux), en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/
TC 249, Plastiques, du Comité européen de normalisation (CEN) conformément à l’Accord de coopération
technique entre l’ISO et le CEN (Accord de Vienne).
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 4638:1984), dont elle constitue une
révision mineure. Les modifications sont les suivantes:
— la référence au document annulé ISO 471 a été remplacée par ISO 23529.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 4638 se trouve sur le site web de l’ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
iv
Introduction
La perméabilité à l'air des matériaux alvéolaires caractérise, de façon indirecte, certaines de leurs propriétés
structurelles. Elle peut être utilisée pour établir des corrélations entre la structure de ces matériaux et
certaines de leurs propriétés physiques. Elle permet également de mettre en évidence les modifications de
la structure cellulaire due à certains agents chimiques utilisés en fabrication, par exemple les catalyseurs ou
agents tensio-actifs.
Le présent document peut donc être utilisée à deux fins:
a) étude de la structure des produits alvéolaires en liaison avec leurs propriétés physiques ou leur mode
de fabrication;
b) contrôle de la qualité des produits (assurance qualité).
NOTE Les publications concernant le comportement des écoulements à la fois en régime laminaire et en régime
turbulent sont données dans les Références [1] [2] [3] [4] [5].
v
PROJET FINAL Norme internationale ISO/FDIS 4638:2026(fr)
Matériaux polymères alvéolaires souples — Détermination de
la perméabilité à l'air
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination de la perméabilité à l'air des matériaux
alvéolaires souples à base de polymères.
Il est applicable à des éprouvettes découpées dans des produits en matériau alvéolaire.
[6]
NOTE L’ISO 7231 spécifie une méthode simple de contrôle de fabrication, est également basée sur l'écoulement
d'air à travers les matériaux alvéolaires. Elle peut être utilisée lorsqu'il ne s'agit pas d'évaluer les propriétés
intrinsèques de matériaux différents de façon à pouvoir les comparer les uns aux autres, mais simplement de vérifier
la constance de qualité d'un matériau alvéolaire donné.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour
les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 845, Caoutchoucs et plastiques alvéolaires — Détermination de la masse volumique apparente
ISO 23529, Caoutchouc — Procédures générales pour la préparation et le conditionnement des éprouvettes pour
les méthodes d'essais physiques
3 Termes et définitions
Aucun terme ni aucune définition ne figure dans ce document.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en normalisation,
consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principe
4.1 Généralités
Passage d'air, dans des conditions contrôlées, au travers d'une éprouvette cylindrique ou parallélépipédique.
Mesurage de la chute de pression entre les deux faces libres de l'éprouvette.
4.2 Perméabilité au passage de l'air
K est donnée selon la loi de Darcy (voir Figure 1) qui décrit l'écoulement de l'air dans un milieu poreux
homogène et isotrope (voir 4.2, Note 1) en régime laminaire (voir 4.2, Note 2) par la Formule (1):
q
Kp
V
u (1)
A
où
u est la vitesse de filtration de l'air, en mètres par seconde;
q est le débit-volume d'air, au travers de l'éprouvette, en mètres cubes par seconde;
V
A est l'aire de la section droite de l'éprouvette, en mètres carrés;
K est la perméabilité au passage de l'air du milieu poreux, en mètres carrés;
Δp est la perte de charge au travers de l'éprouvette, en pascals;
η est la viscosité dynamique de l'air, en pascals secondes;
δ est l'épaisseur de l'éprouvette, en mètres.
NOTE 1 Dans le cas des matériaux anisotropes, la direction de l'écoulement doit être définie.
NOTE 2 Pour que l'écoulement de l'air soit laminaire à l'intérieur du milieu poreux, les conditions de la Formule (2)
doivent être remplies:
uK
*
Re n (2)
v
où
Re* est le nombre de Reynolds modifié;
v est la viscosité cinématique de l'air, en mètres carrés par seconde;
n est une valeur limite qui peut dépendre de la structure du produit. En l'absence de données
précises à ce sujet, on peut se contenter d'opérer à plusieurs vitesses d'air faibles de l'ordre du
centimètre par seconde, sur un même type de matériau, de façon à vérifier que K ne varie pas,
ou varie seulement dans de faibles proportions, avec u (voir 9.1).
4.3 Résistance spécifique au passage de l'air
R est une grand
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