ISO/TR 20526:2017

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 20526
First edition
2017-07
Account-based ticketing state of the
art report
Rapport de l’état de la technique concernant la billettique centrée sur
le compte usager
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Conformance . 2
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
6 How does account-based ticketing work . 3
6.1 Business roles . 3
6.1.1 Customer . . 3
6.1.2 Media Provider . 4
6.1.3 Identity Provider. 4
6.1.4 Service Operator . 4
6.1.5 Product Owner. 5
6.1.6 Account Provider . 5
6.1.7 Payment Provider . 6
7 Impact of account-based ticketing . 6
7.1 Benefits of account-based ticketing . 6
7.1.1 General. 6
7.1.2 Issuing media cost reduction . 6
7.1.3 Equipment validation simplification . 7
7.1.4 Business rule seamless update . 7
7.1.5 Instant product management . 7
7.1.6 No media/back office reconciliation . 7
7.1.7 More flexible customer management . 8
7.1.8 Improved customer service . 8
7.1.9 Simpler interoperability . 8
7.1.10 Faster time to market for new technology evolution . 8
7.2 Disadvantages of account-based ticketing . 8
7.2.1 General. 8
7.2.2 Keeping the front-office equipment connected to the back office . 8
7.2.3 Treating transactions upload as business critical . 9
7.2.4 Minimizing transaction speed . 9
7.2.5 Supporting multiple technologies within the front office equipment . 9
7.2.6 Making AFC back office able to support third-party technology
and authentication . 9
7.2.7 Performing control on read-only media . 9
7.2.8 Building and maintaining customers’ confidence . 9
8 What are the significant features of account-based ticketing? .10
8.1 Revenue protection and journey recording .10
8.1.1 Purpose of recording journeys .10
8.1.2 Common approaches and typical data flows .10
8.1.3 Functional operations at infrastructure to record journeys .11
8.1.4 Controlling fraud .11
8.1.5 Implications for inspection .11
8.1.6 List management .12
8.1.7 Use of media-based data storage other than the token ID .13
8.2 Data privacy .13
8.3 Options for travel tokens and management of multiple token credentials .14
8.3.1 Background.14
8.3.2 Work to be done .15
8.4 Management of customer accounts with multiple tokens .16
8.4.1 General.16
8.4.2 Media technologies .16
8.4.3 Impacts of using third party-issued media .17
8.4.4 Implications for fraudulent usage .18
8.5 Migration to ABT or server-centric schemes .18
8.6 Integration of urban and long-distance ABT .18
8.7 Interoperable ABT systems .20
8.7.1 Interoperability issues .20
8.7.2 Hub-based interoperable ABT system .20
8.8 Considerations for payment providers .21
Bibliography .23
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
Introduction
Account-based ticketing (ABT) is a subject of wide interest. It is used and is being considered for use by
many transport operators and authorities across the world. The system supplier market is international.
There may be benefits to transport operators and authorities from some element of international
standardization. There may also be benefits from some overall international coordination, for example,
with regard to reference data.
ABT is a method of ticketing where the proof of entitlement to travel and any records of travel are held
in an ABT back office and not in any physical media held by the passenger. ABT is also known as server-
based ticketing or Security in System. ABT can operate in both an online and offline world using risk-
managed revenue protection techniques as appropriate.
ABT is widely used for l
...