ISO/DTS 19166

ISO/TC 211
ISO/CD TS 19166(en)
Secretariat: SIS
Date: 2025-07-17
Geographic information — Building information modelling (BIM) to
geographic information systems (GIS) conceptual mapping (B2GM)
Information géographique — Cartographique conceptuelle de BIM à GIS (B2GM)

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ii
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms and notation . 4
4.1 Abbreviated terms . 4
4.2 UML notation . 5
5 Conformance . 5
6 Conceptual framework for BIM to GIS mapping . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Conceptual overview . 5
6.3 Mechanisms . 6
7 BIM to GIS perspective definition . 11
7.1 General . 11
7.2 Mechanisms . 12
8 BIM to GIS element mapping . 14
8.1 General . 14
8.2 Mechanism . 14
9 BIM to GIS LOD Mapping . 17
9.1 General . 17
9.2 Mechanism . 17
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite . 20
Annex B (informative) B2G EM and LM example . 22
Annex C (informative) Instance example using B2G PD . 24
Annex D (informative) CityGML LOD model and mapping . 25
Annex E (informative) LOD mapping rule description example . 27
Bibliography . 28

iii
Foreword
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules
of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics., in
collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 287,
Geographic Information, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 19166:2021), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— definitions 3.3, 3.9, 3.10 and 3.13 have been revised;
— Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 7, Figure 9 and Figure 10 have been revised.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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Introduction
Building Information Modellinginformation modelling (BIM) contains rich information related to building
elements such as doors, walls, windows, MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) and others. In addition,
BIM models maycan include information about other features than buildings, which are relevant to geographic
information systems (GIS.). From the viewpoint of GIS, there are many benefits related to using BIM
information in GIS applications. Some examples are:
a) Indoorindoor service implementation such as emergency management (routing, evacuation path finding
under fire situation).);
b) Outdoor - outdoor–indoor linkage service, such as seamless navigation.;
c) Effectiveeffective facility/energy/environment management considering objects related BIM based on
GIS.
Although there have been some attempts to harvest the rich information contained in BIM models and use it
in GIS, there is no established way to map the information elements between the two modelling worlds. A
proper mapping method is clearly required. Before the implementation of the information mapping, however,
mapping mechanisms for linking appropriate information elements from BIM to GIS need toshould be clearly
defined. In addition, for the mapping mechanisms to work together, a conceptual framework for the mapping
process based on open standards between BIM and GIS needs toshould be established.
This document provides the conceptual framework for BIM to GIS information mapping and required mapping
mechanisms.
A brief explanation of each mapping mechanism is as follows:
— BIM to GIS Perspective Definitionperspective definition (B2G PD): supportsSupports perspective
information representation depending on the specific requirement such as the urban facility management
(UFM). "“Perspective"” depends on the use -case. For example, to manage the urban facilities, the required
data should be collected from the various data sources, including the BIM model, and transformed to
represent in the user-specific perspective. PD defines a Data Viewdata view to extract the data required
and transform the information from the various data sources.
— BIM to GIS Element Mappingelement mapping (B2G EM): supportsSupports the element mapping from
BIM model to GIS model. As the BIM and GIS model schemas are different, B2G EM requires a mapping rule
specifying how to transform from a BIM model to a GIS model element.
— BIM to GIS level of detail (LOD Mapping) mapping (B2G LM): supportsSupports the LOD mapping from
BIM model to GIS model. LOD (levels of detail) in GIS is a deliberate choice of data included/excluded from
a model to satisfy certain use cases including visualization. The relevant geometric and other information
for the LODs required in the target GIS model need toshould be extracted/or queried from the BIM model.
This can be defined by the LOD mapping ruleset.
This document is applicable to information query services such as urban facility managementUFM operation.
BIM object visualization in GIS and other application services that require query processing depending on the
relationship between BIM and GIS objects, either in the real or virtual world, will be able to use the
mechanisms defined in this document for mapping the required information elements between the two
systems. Although this document describes mapping information elements from BIM to GIS in general, the
primary concern of this document is mapping BIM models to GIS models for visualization.
The conceptual mapping mechanism defined in this document uses existing international standards such as
[1] [2]
Geography Markup Language (GML) (ISO 19136-1 ) and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) (ISO 16739-1 ).
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)’s Land and Infrastructure Conceptual Model Standard (LandInfra)
v
[3]
(OGC 15-111r1 ) defines the information model of infrastructure such as roads. As LandInfra has been
designed with a common conceptual model between the BIM and GIS communities, transferring information
from LandInfra BIM models to LandInfra GIS models should beis usually reasonably straight
forwardstraightforward. This document, therefore, concentrates on mapping from BIM models not based on
LandInfra.
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Geographic information — Building information modelling (BIM) to
geographic information systems (GIS) conceptual mapping (B2GM)
1 Scope
This document defines the conceptual framework and mechanisms for mapping information elements from
Building Information Modellingbuilding information modelling (BIM) to Geographic Information
Systemsgeographic information systems (GIS) to access the required information based on specific user
requirements.
The conceptual framework for mapping BIM information to GIS is defined with the following three mapping
mechanisms:
— BIM to GIS Perspective Definitionperspective definition (B2G PD);
— BIM to GIS Element Mappingelement mapping (B2G EM);
— BIM to GIS level of detail (LOD Mapping) mapping (B2G LM).
This document does not describe physical schema integration or mapping between BIM and GIS models
because the physical schema integration or mapping between two heterogeneous models is very complex and
can cause a variety of ambiguity problems (see Annex D.). Developing a unified information model between
BIM and GIS is a desirable goal, but it is out of the scope of this document.
The scope of thisThis document includesis applicable to the following concepts:
— definition for BIM to GIS conceptual mapping requirement description;
— definition of BIM to GIS conceptual mapping framework and component;
— definition of mapping for export from one schema into another.
The This document does not apply to the following concepts are outside the scope:
— definition of any particular mapping application
...