ISO 23704-3:2023

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23704-3
First edition
2023-03
General requirements for cyber-
physically controlled smart machine
tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 3:
Reference architecture of CPSMT for
additive manufacturing
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 2
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
4 Conformance with the CPSMT reference architecture for additive manufacturing
(AM) . 4
5 Goals and objectives of the CPSMT reference architecture for AM .4
6 Technical requirements of a smart additive manufacturing system (SAMS) from
the CPSMT perspective. 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Technical requirements of autonomously dealing with abnormalities . 7
6.2.1 General . 7
6.2.2 Dealing with hard real-time scale abnormalities during an AM process . 7
6.2.3 Dealing with soft real-time scale abnormalities during an AM process . 8
6.2.4 Acquisition of data related to an AM process . 8
6.2.5 Data processing related to an AM process . 8
6.2.6 Extraction of value-added data . 8
6.2.7 AM process monitoring . 9
6.2.8 AM process status prediction . 9
6.2.9 AM process status diagnosis . 9
6.2.10 Making decisions about the AM system to enhance AM process performance . 10
6.2.11 Update of the AM workflow data . 10
6.2.12 Dealing with abnormalities . 10
6.3 Technical requirements of autonomous coordination with shop floor devices . 11
6.3.1 General . 11
6.3.2 Coordination among shop floor devices . 11
6.4 Technical requirements of autonomous collaboration with a shop floor control
system .12
6.4.1 General .12
6.4.2 Receiving a coordinated process plan .12
6.4.3 Providing the AM process data for shop floor operation .12
6.4.4 Interoperability for the data interface .12
6.5 Technical requirements of interface with AM workflow .13
6.5.1 General .13
6.5.2 Interface with AM workflow . 13
6.5.3 Interoperability for interface with AM workflow .13
6.6 Technical requirement of interface with hierarchy levels .13
6.6.1 General .13
6.6.2 Interface with a hierarchy level . 13
6.6.3 Interoperability for interface with hierarchy level . 14
6.7 Technical requirement of interface with humans . 14
6.7.1 General . 14
6.7.2 Interface with humans . 14
6.7.3 Interoperability for interface with humans . 14
7 Reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM .14
8 Functional view of a CPCM for additive manufacturing (AM) .17
8.1 General . 17
8.2 AM machine unit (AMU) of a CPCM . 17
iii
8.2.1 General . 17
8.2.2 AM function perspective . 17
8.2.3 AM process perspective . 17
8.2.4 AM component perspective . 18
8.2.5 Abnormalities of an AM machine unit (AMU) . 19
8.3 Cyber-physical system (CPS) unit . 19
8.3.1 General . 19
8.3.2 Inner-loop element.20
8.3.3 Intra-loop element.22
8.3.4 Inter-loop element . 23
9 Functional view of a CSSM for AM .23
9.1 General .23
9.2 Data processing unit (DPU). 24
9.2.1 General . 24
9.2.2 CPCM interface element . 24
9.2.3 UIS interface element . 24
9.2.4 Data fusion element .25
9.2.5 Data storage element . 25
9.2.6 Data transformer for external entities element . 25
9.3 Digital thread unit .26
9.3.1 General . 26
9.3.2 AM workflow data model . 26
9.3.3 AM workflow data management .30
9.3.4 AM behaviour model .30
9.3.5 Behaviour model engine .30
9.4 MAPE unit . 31
9.4.1 General . 31
9.4.2 Monitoring element . 31
9.4.3 Analysis element . . 31
9.4.4 Planning element . 32
9.4.5
...