ISO/IEC 14478-1:1998

INTERNATIONAL ISOAEC
STANDARD
First edition
1998-12-15
Information technology - Computer,
graphics and image processing -
Presentation Environment for Multimedia
Objects (PREMO) -
Part 1:
Fundamentals of PREMO
Technologies de Yin forma tion - Infographie et traitement d ’images -
Environnement de pr&entation d ’objets multimedia (PREMO) -
Partie 1: Principes fondamentaux de PREMO

ISO/IEC 14478=1:1998(E)
Page
Contents
....
.....................................................
Foreword.
Introduction.i v
...........................................................
1 Scope
2 Normative references. .
3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Symbols and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
......................................... 7
6 Requirements for PREMO
6.1 Introduction .
............................................... .8
6.2 Extensibility
Configurability . .8
6.3
Incremental, separable development . .8
6.4
Simplicity . .8
6.5
Easeofuse . .8
6.6
Otherinfluences . .9
6.7
............................... 9
6.7.1 Application development environment
.......................................... .9
6.7.2 Execution environment
...9
6.8 Functionality .
.9
6.8.1 Introduction. .
............................................. .9
6.8.2 Computer graphics
................................................. .9
6.8.3 User interfaces
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ii
ISO/IEC 14478-1: 1998(E)
0 ISO/IEC
6.8.4 Dynamit interactive graphics .
6.8.5 Animation .
6.8.6 Audi0 .
........................................................ 10
6.8.7 Video
.......................................... 10
6.8.8 Other and future media
6.8.9 Co=--representations .
........................................ 10
6.8.10 Cooperating applications
7 Architecture of PREMO .
............................................... 10
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Standards perspective .l 1
....................................
7.3 The functional perspective .ll
...................................
7.3.1 Introduction. .
7.3.2 Description techniques .
7.3.3 The Object model .
7.3.4 Components .
7.4 The System perspective. 12
.....................................
Configuring PREMO-based applications. 12
7.4.1 .
7.4.2 Distributed multimedia. .
7.4.3 Communication in PREMO .
(3 Object model . . . ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.1 Introduction. . .1 13
8.2 Basicconcepts . 13
8.3 Non-objecttypes . 13
8.4 Objecttypes . 14
8.5 Object identity and Object reference . 14
8.6 Operations .
8.7 Subtyping and inheritance. .
8.7.1 Overview . 15
8.7.2 Subtyping 15
.....................................................
8.7.3 Inheritance .
8.7.4 Operation dispatching. .
8.8 Abstract Types. 18
............................................
8.9 Operation request semantics 18
..................................
8.10 Protected operations 19
........................................
8.11 Object and Object reference life cycles . 19
8.12 Exceptions. 20
...............................................
9 Mow PREMO components are described. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
A Notational conventions . 22
A. 1 Type declarations 22
..........................................
A.2 Data type definitions . 22
A.2.1 Simple data type definitions 22
......................................
A.2.2 Constructed type definitions 24
.......................................
A.3 Object type definitions . 25
Definition of finite state machines 26
A.4 .
Reference to operations and objects 27
AS .
Shorthands for Operation specifications 27
A.6 .
A.6.1 State transition operations of finite state machines . 28
A.6.2 Sequential composition of operations. . 28
Specification of components and profiles. 29
A.7 .
B Generic types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
C Graphical conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
C. 1 Graphical conventions for generic types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
iii
ISO/IEC 14478-1: 1998(E) 0 ISO/IEC
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International
Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized System for worldwide standardi-
zation. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development
of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective
organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical
committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
government and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical
committee ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical
committees are circulated to the national bodies for voting. Publication as an Interna-
tional Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the national bodies casting a vote.
ISO/IEC 14478 1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Infor-
mation technology, Subcommittee SC24, Computer graphics and image processing.
ISO/IEC 14478consists of the following Parts under the general title Information tech-
nology - Computer graphics and image processing - Presentation Environment for
Multimedia Objects (PREMO):
- Part 1: Fundamentals of PREMO
Part 2: Foundation Component
- Part 3: Multimedia Systems Services
Part 4: Modelling, Rendering, and Interaction Component
Additional Parts may be defined as this work Progresses.
Annexes A and B form an integral part of this part of ISO/IEC 14478. Annex C is for
information only.
ISO/IEC 14478-1: 1998(E)
0 ISO/IEC
Introduction
The need for a coordinated method for addressing all aspects of the construction of,
presentation of, and interaction with multimedia objects has led to the standardization
of this Presentation Environment for Multimedia Objects. Multimedia means objects
consisting of still Computer graphics, moving Computer graphics (animation), synthet-
ic graphics of all types, audio, still images, moving images (including Video), images
coming from imaging operations, and any other content type or combination of con-
tent types that tan be “presented ”. ISO/IEC 14478 is extensible and configurable, and
allows the separate, incremental development of additional standardized and non-
standardized components to meet the needs of application communities.
PREMO currently consists of the following Parts:
Part 1: Fundamentals of PREMO
Contains a motivational overview of PREMO giving its scope, justification, and an ex-
planation of key concepts, describes the Overall architecture of PREMO, and specifies
the common semantics for specifying the externally visible characteristics of PREMO
objects in an implementation-independent way.
Part 2: Foundation component
This component lists an initial set of Object types and non-Object types useful for the
construction of, presentation of, and interaction with multimedia information. Any
conforming PREMO implementation shall support these Object types.
Part 3: Multimedia Systems Services Component
Describes objects that provide an infrastructure for building multimedia computing
platforms that support interactive multimedia applications dealing with synchronized,
time-based media in a heterogeneous distributed environment.
Part 4: Modelling, Presentation, and Interaction Component
Describes objects which are needed for advanced Computer Systems using graphics,
Video, audio, or other types of presentable media enhanced by time aspects.
NOTE - Further internationally standardized components are expected to be developed
within ISO/IEC JTClKC24 and by other subcommittees.

ISO/IEC 1447%1:1998(E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO/IEC
Information technology - Computer graphics and image
processing - Presentation Environment for Multimedia Objects
(PREMO) -
Part 1: Fundamentals of PREMO
Scope
ISO/IEC 14478 specifies techniques for supporting interactive Single, and multiple media applications which recognize and em-
phasize the interrelationships among user interfaces, multimedia applications, and multimedia information interchange.
ISO/IEC 14478 defines a flexible environment to encompass modular functionality and is extensible through the creation of fu-
ture components, both within and outside of Standards committees. It supports a wide range of multimedia applications in a con-
sistent way, from simple drawings up to full motion Video, Sound, and virtual reality environments.
ISO/IEC 14478 is independent of any particular implementation language, development environment, or execution environment.
For integration into a programming environment, the Standard shall be embedded in a System dependent interface following the
particular conventions of that environment. ISO/IEC 14478 provides versatile packaging techniques beyond the capabilities of
monolithic Single-media Systems. This allows rearranging and extending functionality to satisfy requirements specific to partic-
ular application areas. ISO/IEC 14478 is developed incrementally with Parts 1 through 4 initially available. Other components
are expected to be standardized by ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC24 or other subcommittees.
ISO/IEC 14478 provides a framework within which application-defined ways of interacting with the environment tan be inte-
grated. Methods for the definition, presentation, and manipulation of both input and output objects are described. Application-
supplied structuring of objects is also allowed and tan, for example, be used as a basis for the development of toolkits for the
creation of, presentation of, and interaction with multimedia and hyper-media documents and product model data.
ISO/IEC 14478 is able to support construction, presentation, and interaction with multiple simultaneous inputs and Outputs using
multiple media. Several such activities may occur simultaneously, and the application program tan adapt its behaviour to make
best use of the capabilities of its environment.
ISO/IEC 14478 includes interfaces for external storage, retrieval and interchange of multimedia objects.
2 Normative referemces
The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO/IEC
14478. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to agree-
ments based on this part of ISO/IEC 14478 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of
the Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO/IEC 14478-2: 1998, Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Presentation Envirqnment for
Multimedia Objects (PREMO) - Part 2: Foundation Component.
ISOIIEC 14478-3: 1998, Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Presentation Environment for
Multimedia Objects (PREMO) - Part 3: Multimedia Systems Services.

0 ISO/IEC
ISOHEC 14478=1:1998(E)
ISOIIEC 14478-4: 1998, Information technology - Computer graphics an.d image processing - Presentation Environment for
Multimedia Objects (PREMO) - Part 4: Modelling, Rendering, and Unteraction Component.
Definitions
For the purposes of ISO/IEC 14478, the following definitions apply.
3.2.1 multimedia: The creation, editing, composing, and/or presentation of products consisting of any combination of nze-
3.2.1.1 multimedia Object: An Object consisting of one or more types of media that tan be presented to a user-.
transmitted. Examples
3.2.2 medium (Plural media): A means by which information is perceived, expressed, stored, or
include audio, Video, (animated) graphics, images, text.
dynamic interactive graphics: Graphits applications where the graphics varies in real-time in response to user in-
3.2.3
puts.
3.2.4 animation: Series of pictures in a time-ordered sequence to display as a Video med
...