ISO 23280:2022

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23280
First edition
2022-05
Electrically propelled mopeds and
motorcycles — Test method for
evaluation of energy performance
using motor dynamometer
Motocycles et cyclomoteurs à propulsion électrique — Méthode
d'essai pour l'évaluation de la performance énergétique à l'aide d'un
dynamomètre
Reference number
© ISO 2022
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Determination of resistance torque to traction motor system . 3
5.1 Running resistance of vehicle . 3
5.2 Resistance torque for central drive system . 3
5.3 Resistance torque for in-wheel drive system . 5
6 Test conditions .6
6.1 Motor dynamometer . 6
6.2 Driving mode . . 7
6.3 Operation for the motor dynamometer . 7
6.3.1 Resistance torque to traction motor . 8
6.3.2 Load motor system . 8
6.3.3 Torque and speed sensors . 8
6.4 DC Power supply . 8
6.5 Power meter . 8
6.6 Measurement of voltage and current . 9
6.7 Measurement of temperature . 9
7 Performance calculation . 9
7.1 Consumed energy . 9
7.2 Travelled distance . 9
7.3 Motor system efficiency . 9
7.4 Reference energy consumption . 10
8 Presentation of results .10
Annex A (informative) Classification of equivalent inertia mass and the running resistance
for motorcycles .11
Annex B (informative) Classification of equivalent inertia mass and the running resistance
for mopeds .13
Annex C (informative) Derivation of traction motor torque for central drive system .15
Annex D (informative) Derivation of traction motor torque for in-wheel drive system.19
Annex E (normative) Test report – test motor and test conditions .20
Bibliography .22
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Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 38,
Mopeds and Motorcycles.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23280:2022(E)
Electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles — Test
method for evaluation of energy performance using motor
dynamometer
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method to evaluate energy performance of electric motorcycles and
mopeds by measuring performance of a test motor system (3.4) to be installed to an electric moped or
motorcycle under consideration.
The test is carried out on a motor dynamometer test bench where the traction motor system is connected
to a load motor system (3.3) that simulates resistance torque arising from running resistance of vehicle
and drive train friction loss and inertia effect.
This method provides estimates of specific energy consumption and range of an electric moped or
motorcycle to which the traction motor system is intended to be applied.
This document is only applicable to two-wheeled motorcycles and mopeds.
NOTE This test method is applicable to motorcycle or moped regardless of types of power transmission
devices, such as chains, belts, gears, ratio controllable CVTs, shaft drives, direct drives, etc., once gear ratios
(ratio of input to output speed) and transmission efficiencies (ratio of input to output torque) are provided.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11486, Motorcycles — Methods for setting running resistance on a chassis dynamometer
ISO 13064-1, Battery-electric mopeds and motorcycles — Performance — Part 1: Reference energy
consumption and range
ISO 13064-2, Battery-electric mopeds and motorcycles — Performance — Part 2: Road operating
characteristics
ISO 28981, Mopeds - Methods for setting the running resistance on a chassis dynamometer
IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines — Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60034-2-1, Rotating electrical machines — Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and
efficiency from test (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13064-2, IEC 60034-1,
IEC 60034-2-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
driving mode
test mode used for performance evaluation of mopeds and motorcycles such as UDC (urban driving
cycle), EUDC (extra-urban driving cycle), WMTC (world motorcycle test cycle)
Note 1 to entry: For reference to UDC, see ISO 13064-1:2012, Annex A for mopeds and Annex B for motorcycles,
and EUDC, see ISO 13064-1:2012, Annex B for mopeds, and WMTC, see UN-ECE GTR No.02.
3.2
load motor
electric motor that provides torque control function defined from running resistance, friction loss and
inertia effect of the drive train when testing a traction motor system of electrically propelled mopeds
and motorcycles
3.3
load motor system
combination of a load motor (3.2) and its pairing inverter
3.4
test motor system
combination of a traction motor and its pairing inverter under test that is used as a main traction motor
for electric mopeds or motorcycles
3.5
speed-torque control mode
test mode performed in a motor dynamometer (3.6) where a test motor system (3.4) is speed controlled
and load motor system (3.3) is torque controlled
3.6
motor dynamometer
test equipment for measuring test motor system (3.4) energy performance comprising test motor
system, load motor system (3.3), DC power supply, transducers, data acquisition and analysing system
4 Principle
This test method specifies a test procedure to evaluate energy performance, such as consumed energy
(7.1), travelled distance (7.2), motor system efficiency (7.3) and reference energy consumption (7.4)
of electric motorcycles and mopeds with a traction motor system to be fitted to a vehicle under
consideration. Instead of chassis dynamometer test that requires a full vehicle, this method is
carried out with a traction motor system on a motor dynamometer and provides estimate of energy
performance of vehicle with nominal information of the vehicle.
NOTE Reference energy consumption (7.4) defined in this document is different from those in other
standards, such as ISO/TR 8713, ISO 8714 and ISO 13064-1, where reference energy consumption is defined as
electric energy required to fully recharge the traction battery from the main electric supply network system
after completion of a selected driving cycle. While in this document reference energy consumption is the ratio of
consumed energy (7.1) to travelled distance (7.2).
In order to determine resistance torque to the traction motor system, running resistance acting on the
d
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