ISO 23247-3:2021

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23247-3
First edition
2021-10
Automation systems and
integration — Digital twin framework
for manufacturing —
Part 3:
Digital representation of
manufacturing elements
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Cadre
technique de jumeau numérique dans un contexte de fabrication —
Partie 3: Représentation numérique des éléments intervenant en
fabrication
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Digital representation of OMEs . 2
5 Information attributes of the OMEs . 2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Personnel information . 3
5.3 Equipment information . 5
5.4 Material information . 5
5.5 Process information . 6
5.6 Facility information. 7
5.7 Environment information . 8
5.8 Product information . 9
5.9 Supporting document information .10
Annex A (informative) Existing technologies for representing OMEs .12
Annex B (informative) Example of information attributes .15
Bibliography .23
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23247 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The ISO 23247 series defines a framework to support the creation of digital twins of observable
manufacturing elements including personnel, equipment, materials, manufacturing processes, facilities,
environment, products, and supporting documents.
A digital twin assists with detecting anomalies in manufacturing processes to achieve functional
objectives such as real-time control, predictive maintenance, in-process adaptation, Big Data analytics,
and machine learning. A digital twin monitors its observable manufacturing element by constantly
updating relevant operational and environmental data. The visibility into process and execution
enabled by a digital twin enhances manufacturing operation and business cooperation
The type of manufacturing supported by an implementation of the ISO 23247 framework depends on
the standards and technologies available to model the observable manufacturing elements. Different
manufacturing domains can use different data standards. As a framework, this document does not
prescribe specific data formats and communication protocols.
The scopes of the four parts of this series are defined below:
— ISO 23247-1: General principles and requirements for developing digital twins in manufacturing;
— ISO 23247-2: Reference architecture with functional views;
— ISO 23247-3: List of basic information attributes for the observable manufacturing elements;
— ISO 23247-4: Technical requirements for information exchange between entities within the
reference architecture.
Figure 1 shows how the four parts of the series are related.
Figure 1 — ISO 23247 series structure
ISO 23247-4:2021, Annexes A to E, provide use cases that demonstrate the digital twin framework for
manufacturing.
The use cases are in the discrete manufacturing domain and the digital twins are modelled using the
ISO 10303 series. In other domains, different standards and technologies can be used. For example,
in oil and gas, the digital twins may be modelled using the ISO 15926 series, and for building and
construction, the digital twins may be modelled using the ISO 16739 series.
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23247-3:2021(E)
Automation systems and integration — Digital twin
framework for manufacturing —
Part 3:
Digital representation of manufacturing elements
1 Scope
This document provides a list of basic information attributes for the OMEs:
— examples of information attributes are given;
— standards that can define these information attributes are discussed in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 23247-1, Automation systems and integration — Digital twin framework for manufacturing — Part 1:
Overview and general principles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23247-1, and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
information attribute
information about observable manufacturing elements (OMEs)
3.2
dynamic
information attribute (3.1) that changes during manufacturing processes
3.3
static
information attribute (3.1) that does not change during manufacturing
processes
3.4
mandatory
information attribute (3.1) that must be included in any description of the OME
3.5
optional
information attribute (3.1) that may be included in a description of the OME
depending on the purpose
4 Digital representation of OMEs
Digital representation of OMEs can include both static and dynamic information. Information that does
not change during manufacturing is classified as static. For example, the serial number of a piece of
material is static. However, the shape of the material, if it changes during manufacturing processes, is
dynamic.
Pursuant to the principles defined in ISO 23247-1, this document provides a list of basic information
attributes for the OMEs within the reference architecture given in ISO 23247-2.
The dark grey box in Figure 2 shows the types of OMEs that need to be represented by the digital twin
entity defined in ISO 23247-2.
Figure 2 — Types of OMEs in reference architecture (blue-coloured box)
5 Information attributes of the OMEs
5.1 General
Standards such as IEC 62264-2, ISO 10303-238 and ISO 10303-242 contain detailed information models
for representing the OMEs. Each implementation of the digital twin framework for manufacturing shall
select the digital representation method most appropriate to model its OMEs.
Annex A lists some standards and technologies that can be selected for the digital representation.
Annex B provides UML and XML descriptions for an example.
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Table 1 shows the template used to describe the information attributes. The types of information
attributes are not limited to those given in Table 1, but can be customized for specific use cases. The
notation is taken from IEC 62264-2. Mandatory (M) or Optional (O) attributes can be selected depending
on the purpose of the use cases.
Table 1 — Information attributes for OMEs
I n f o r m a t i o n Description Mandatory (M)
attribute
Optional (O)
Identifier A value that conforms to ISO 8000-115 used to uniquely identify an OME Mandatory
in a specific enterprise, e.g.:
—  UUID
—  URL
—  URN
—  OID (ITU-T X.680 and ISO/IEC 8824-1)
—  domain-specific ID
—  ISO 29002 series or URI unique ID (used in AAS)
Characteristics A typical or noticeable feature of an OME, e.g.: Optional
depending on the
—  IEC 62264-2 (B2MML)
purpose of the use
—  eCl@ss cases
—  ISO 13584-42 (PLIB)
—  IEC 61360 (CDD)
Schedule Time information bound to a manufacturing process, e.g.:
—  ISO 8601 series
—  start/stop
Status A condition of an OME involved in a manufacturing process, e.g.:
—  VDMA 24582
Location Geographical or relative location information of an OME, e.g.:
—  GPS coordinates
—  postal address
—  ISO 6709
—  relative location
Report Description of activities done by or onto an OME, e.g.:
—  QIF
—  MTConnect
Relationship Connection information between two or more OMEs, e.g. IEC 62264-2
5.2 Personnel information
Personnel includes employees who are engaged directly or indirectly in manufacturing processes.
Personnel information attributes and examples are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 — Information attributes for pers
...