ISO 13315-4:2017

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13315-4
First edition
2017-03
Environmental management for
concrete and concrete structures —
Part 4:
Environmental design of concrete
structures
Management environnemental du béton et des structures en béton —
Partie 4: Conception environnementale des structures en béton
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Framework of environmental design . 2
5 Client briefing and environmental performance requirements . 3
6 Design . 4
7 Estimation . 4
8 Verification . 4
9 Documentation . 4
Annex A (informative) Example structure of inventory, impact category, category endpoints
and objects of protection . 5
Annex B (informative) Examples of measures to satisfy requirements for impact category
indicators in the “Design” stage . 6
Annex C (informative) Example of inventory analysis based on the LCA method and
verification (mix proportion of concrete) . 7
Bibliography . 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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electrotechnical standardization.
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described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
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The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced
concrete and pre-stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 8, Environmental management for concrete and
concrete structures.
A list of all the parts in the ISO 13315 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Environmental management is essential for properly estimating the negative and positive
environmental impacts brought about by a construction project in order to reduce the environmental
burden and create environmental benefits. Environmental considerations for a structure, in particular,
are to be carried out at the design stage and be integrated with conventional structural design and
durability design. To this end, standardization of the design procedure for environmental design
becomes a necessity.
ISO 14040 stipulates the principles and framework of lifecycle assessment (LCA) for the environmental
management of products and services. However, it is somewhat difficult to apply this to structures with
extremely long lifecycles, such as infrastructures and building structures.
The use of concrete, a key construction material, accounts for a particularly large part of the
environmental impacts related to construction projects. If the environmental impacts related to
a concrete structure are accurately dealt with to achieve environmental design, this can enable a
dramatic reduction in the environmental burden for the construction project as a whole and increase
the environmental benefits. Therefore, a method of environmental design specifically for concrete
structures is essential and led to the development of this document.
In the environmental design of a concrete structure, appropriate specifications for materials and
structural details are established based on LCA. ISO 13315-1 stipulates the principles of environmental
consideration for concrete and concrete structures while ISO 13315-2 stipulates the system boundaries
necessary for carrying out LCA and the inventory data to be acquired.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13315-4:2017(E)
Environmental management for concrete and concrete
structures —
Part 4:
Environmental design of concrete structures
1 Scope
This document provides the general framework, principles and requirements for carrying out an
environmental design of concrete structures, based on a lifecycle assessment (LCA) method or other
appropriate methods.
This document is applicable to single concrete structures, as well as concrete structure complexes.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13315-2, Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures — Part 2: System boundary
and inventory data
ISO 14040, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13315-1, ISO 13315-2,
ISO 14040 and ISO 14050, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
client briefing
document which specifies at any point in time the relevant needs, aims and resources of the client and
user, the context of the project and any appropriate design requirements
3.2
durability design
design of a structure in which durability is considered
3.3
environmental design
design of a structure in which environmental impacts are considered
[SOURCE: ISO 13315-1:2012, 3.6]
3.4
structural design
design of a structure in which structural performances including safety, serviceability, restorability,
structural integrity and robustness are considered
4 Framework of environmental design
Figure 1 illustrates the positioning of environmental design in the entire design of concrete structures.
The environmental design of a concrete structure shall be carried out integrally with structural design
and durability design and be in harmony with the landscape and surrounding environment.
Environmental design includes client briefing, setting of environmental performance requirements,
design, estimation of retained environmental performances, verification and documentation.
Figure 1 — Environmental design of concrete structures
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

5 Client briefing and environmental performance requirements
A client’s brief on the environmental aspects of a project shall be prepared with consideration of
economic and social aspects related to the purpose of executing the project, such as LCC and historical
context.
For a client’s brief, LCC and environmental aspects to be considered shall be specified. Various levels
may be specified, including an impact category indicator (inventory), impact category, category
endpoints and objects of protection.
NOTE An example of a brief with an impact category indicator (inventory), impact category, category
endpoints and objects of protection is shown in Figure A.1 (see Annex A).
Appropriate impact category indicators for performance verification shall be selected for the
environmental aspects specified in the client’s brief.
When impact categories, category endpoints and objects of protection are specified as the levels of
environmental aspects in the client’s brief, impact category indicators that can estimate these levels
shall be selected.
Impact category indicators may include the following:
— carbon dioxide (CO ) equivalents;
— trichlorofluoromethane (CFC) equivalents;
— nitrogen oxide (NO );
x
— sulfur oxide (SO );
x
— total nitrogen;
— total phosphorus;
— heavy metals (lead, copper, chromium, cadmium, zinc, etc.);
— non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC);
— fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas);
— abiotic resources;
— particulate matter (PM);
— wastes;
— water;
— amount of resource recycling.
When seeking harmony with the landscape and surrounding environment, impact category indicators
may be selected for these factors as required.
The environmental performance requirements shall be quantitatively set to satisfy the relevant laws
and regulations, and the client’s brief.
6 Design
In design, specific measures shall be taken regarding constituents, mix proportions and structural
details (such as member dimensions and steel content) to incorporate the environmental aspects set as
the environmental performance requirements.
NOTE 1 The effects of thermal mass, water retention, water permeation, and planting can also be taken into
account.
NOTE 2 Annex B lists examples of specific measures necessary for satisfying the requirements for some
impact category indicators considered as environmental aspects.
7 Estimation
The retained environmental performance of a concrete structure or a concrete structure complex shall
be appropriately estimated according to the established impact category indicators.
The LCA method in this document shall be in accordance with the ISO 14040 series, and the system
boundary and inventory data shall be determined according to ISO 13315-2. The retained environmental
performance shall be estimated by inventory analysis.
When the selected impact category indicators are noise, vibration, dust, electromagnetic waves and
changes in water table levels, the value measured or analysed in the past (or in a similar environment)
shall be used for estimation.
If the established impact category indicator is an environmental aspect for which no quantitative
estimation metho
...