ISO 16378:2022

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16378
Second edition
2022-09
Space systems — Measurements of
thermo-optical properties of thermal
control materials
Systèmes spatiaux — Mesures des propriétés thermo-optiques des
matériaux de thermorégulation
Reference number
© ISO 2022
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 5
5 Preparatory conditions .5
5.1 Hazards, health, and safety precautions . 5
5.2 Preparation of samples . 5
5.2.1 Sample property . 5
5.2.2 Configuration . 5
5.2.3 Cleaning . 6
5.2.4 Handling and storage . 6
5.2.5 Identification . 6
5.3 Facilities . 6
5.3.1 Cleanliness . 6
5.3.2 Environmental conditions . 6
5.3.3 Equipment . 6
5.4 Standard materials . 6
5.4.1 General . 6
5.4.2 Reference standard material . 7
5.4.3 Working standard material . 7
5.4.4 Solar absorptance . 7
5.4.5 Infrared emittance . 7
6 Solar absorptance (α ) test methods . 7
s
7 Hemispherical infrared emittance (ε ) test method . 8
h
8 Normal infrared emittance (ε ) test methods . 8
n
9 Test report . 9
9.1 Standard tests . 9
9.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested . 9
9.1.2 Complete identification of the measurement condition . 9
9.1.3 Measurement results . 10
9.2 Non-standard tests . 10
10 Quality assurance .10
10.1 Precision . . . 10
10.2 Non-conformance . . 11
10.3 Calibration . 11
10.4 Traceability . 11
10.5 Uncertainty . 11
11 Audit of measurement equipment .11
11.1 General . 11
11.2 Initial audit of the system (acceptance) . 11
11.3 Annual regular review (maintenance) of the system. 11
11.4 Special review . 12
Annex A (normative) Solar absorptance using a spectrophotometer (α ) .13
s
Annex B (normative) Solar absorptance using the comparative test method (α ) .18
p
Annex C (normative) Hemispherical infrared emittance using the thermal test method (ε ) .20
h-t
Annex D (normative) Normal infrared emittance using an IR spectrometer (ε ) .24
n-s
iii
Annex E (normative) Normal infrared emittance using ellipsoid collector optics (ε ) .27
n-e
Annex F (normative) Normal infrared emittance using two rotating cavities (ε ) .32
n-c
Annex G (informative) Key parameters for measurement.35
Annex H (informative) Theoretical directional emissivity .36
Bibliography .37
iv
Foreword
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different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16378:2013), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— updated terms and definitions according to the referenced document revision;
— revised description of sample thickness precision requirements;
— deleted solar absorptance measurement with central sample mounting sphere.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduction
Solar absorptance and infrared emittance are the key parameters of materials for both active and
passive thermal design of space systems.
This document describes the methodology, instruments, equipment, and samples used to calculate the
key parameters of thermal-control materials, i.e. solar absorptance (α or α ) and the infrared emittance
s p
(ε or ε ). The measurements defined in this document are performed at ground test facilities with the
h n
purpose of obtaining material properties. The measured properties are used for material selection,
thermal design of spacecraft, process control, quality control, etc. Also, on-orbit temperature data in
the beginning of life can be assessed using the data obtained by ground measurement.
vi
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16378:2022(E)
Space systems — Measurements of thermo-optical
properties of thermal control materials
1 Scope
This document specifies the multiple measurement methods, instruments, equipment, and samples
used to calculate the thermo-optical properties of thermal control ma
...