ISO 19165-1:2018

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19165-1
First edition
2018-05
Geographic information —
Preservation of digital data and
metadata —
Part 1:
Fundamentals
Information géographique — Archivage des données numériques et
des métadonnées —
Partie 1: Principes fondamentaux
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
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ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms and conventions . 8
4.1 Abbreviated terms . 8
4.2 Conventions . 8
5 Conformance . 9
6 Preservation . 9
6.1 Prioritization . 9
6.2 Structure . 9
6.2.1 Data format . 9
6.2.2 Data structures .10
6.2.3 Software and algorithms .10
6.2.4 Properties of geospatial data .10
6.2.5 Gold copy .11
6.3 Rights/licensing .11
6.4 Time .11
7 Geospatial information model .12
7.1 Overview .12
7.2 Designated community .14
7.3 Metadata .15
7.3.1 Introduction to metadata .15
7.3.2 Preservation metadata classes .15
7.3.3 Data identifiers .16
7.3.4 Data, product and format specifications .17
7.3.5 Preservation actions .18
7.3.6 Association of resources .19
7.3.7 Value and strategy .20
7.3.8 Fixity .21
7.3.9 Information package description .22
7.3.10 Acquisition .23
7.3.11 Coordinate reference system.24
7.4 Open Packaging Convention (OPC) .25
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .27
Annex B (normative) Data dictionary .31
Annex C (informative) Case-specific archival concept .38
Annex D (normative) Functional requirements for a preservation archive .39
Bibliography .41
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
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URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Today’s information is mostly stored on digital media, which has a shorter lifetime than that of analogue
media for a variety of reasons. Unless systematically archived, the storage media will decay and the
information is lost. Missing or incorrect metadata describing the format of data can also result in lost
digital information. Unfortunately, this daunting scenario occurs often. Consequently, the epoch in
which we presently live is sometimes named the “Digital Dark Age”.
Traditional archives are facilities or organizations that preserve records, originally generated by or for
a government organization, institution, or corporation, for access by public or private communities. The
archive accomplishes this task by taking ownership of the records, ensuring they are understandable
to the accessing community, and managing them so as to preserve their information content, data
integrity and authenticity (ISO 16363/TDR). The major focus for preserving this information has been
to ensure that they are on media with long term stability and that access to this media is carefully
controlled (ISO 14721).
Geospatial data possess several distinguishing structural characteristics that may include:
— relations to a well-defined section of the Earth;
— exchange by using theme-specific and sophisticated exchange formats;
— links to thematic data (databases);
— transformation between different coordinate reference systems;
— visualization (map output);
— large data volumes;
— existence of several levels-of-detail of the same dataset;
— links between a geospatial dataset and rights.
These distinctive features suggest that geospatial data shall be preserved together with relevant
metadata content that fully addresses these structural characteristics.
ISO 14721 defines a reference model for archiving digital information. The application of ISO 14721
is not limited to space data and it is widely used by digital libraries. However, ISO 14721 does not
completely cover all the needs for digital data and metadata preservation for geospatial data in general.
Therefore, the ISO 19165 series addresses geospatial data, its data model structures, the multiplicity of
data formats, and intellectual property rights. ISO 19165 is required by and developed for the geospatial
community. ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics, has developed the ISO 19100 family of
standards dedicated to geographic information. One of them is ISO 19115-1. ISO 19165 is modelled as
a specialization of ISO 19115-1. This document is neither a profile nor an implementation of ISO 14721.
Apart from the ISO standards mentioned above, other standards for archival metadata exist. Examples
[19]
are the provenance family of documents of the W3C and PREMIS, the data dictionary for preservation
[17]
metadata .
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19165-1:2018(E)
Geographic information — Preservation of digital data and
metadata —
Part 1:
Fundamentals
1 Scope
This document defines a preservation metadata extension of ISO 19115-1.
It defines the requirements for the long-term preservation of digital geospatial data. These data also
include metadata, representation information, provenance, context and any other content items that
capture the knowledge that are necessary to fully understand and reuse the archived data. This
document also refers to characteristics of data formats that are useful for the purpose of archiving.
Geospatial data are preserved as a geospatial information package (IP). This document defines
the requirements of the geospatial archival IP and details of the geospatial submission and the
dissemination IPs. A geospatial archival IP is fully self-describing and allows a future reconstruction
of the
...