ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 14496-10
First edition
2003-12-01
Information technology — Coding of
audio-visual objects —
Part 10:
Advanced video coding
Technologies de l'information — Codage des objets audiovisuels —
Partie 10: Codage visuel avancé

Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2003
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©  ISO/IEC 2003
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ii © ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved

CONTENTS
Foreword. vii
0 Introduction . viii
0.1 Prologue. viii
0.2 Purpose. viii
0.3 Applications. viii
0.4 Profiles and levels . viii
0.5 Overview of the design characteristics.ix
0.6 How to read this specification.x
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references.1
3 Definitions.1
4 Abbreviations .8
5 Conventions.9
5.1 Arithmetic operators.9
5.2 Logical operators.9
5.3 Relational operators.10
5.4 Bit-wise operators.10
5.5 Assignment operators.10
5.6 Range notation.10
5.7 Mathematical functions.10
5.8 Variables, syntax elements, and tables.11
5.9 Text description of logical operations .12
5.10 Processes.13
6 Source, coded, decoded and output data formats, scanning processes, and neighbouring relationships.13
6.1 Bitstream formats.13
6.2 Source, decoded, and output picture formats .14
6.3 Spatial subdivision of pictures and slices.16
6.4 Inverse scanning processes and derivation processes for neighbours .17
7 Syntax and semantics .28
7.1 Method of describing syntax in tabular form .28
7.2 Specification of syntax functions, categories, and descriptors.29
7.3 Syntax in tabular form.30
7.4 Semantics.47
8 Decoding process.81
8.1 NAL unit decoding process.81
8.2 Slice decoding process .82
8.3 Intra prediction process .100
8.4 Inter prediction process .111
8.5 Transform coefficient decoding process and picture construction process prior to deblocking filter
process .133
8.6 Decoding process for P macroblocks in SP slices or SI macroblocks.140
8.7 Deblocking filter process .145
9 Parsing process.155
9.1 Parsing process for Exp-Golomb codes .155
9.2 CAVLC parsing process for transform coefficient levels .158
9.3 CABAC parsing process for slice data.166
Annex A (normative) Profiles and levels .204
A.1 Requirements on video decoder capability.204
A.2 Profiles.204
A.3 Levels.205
Annex B (normative) Byte stream format.212
B.1 Byte stream NAL unit syntax and semantics .212
© ISO/IEC 2003 – All rights reserved iii

B.2 Byte stream NAL unit decoding process . 212
B.3 Decoder byte-alignment recovery (informative). 213
Annex C (normative) Hypothetical reference decoder . 214
C.4 Operation of coded picture buffer (CPB). 216
C.5 Operation of the decoded picture buffer (DPB). 218
C.6 Bitstream conformance. 219
C.7 Decoder conformance. 221
Annex D (normative) Supplemental enhancement information . 224
D.8 SEI payload syntax . 224
D.9 SEI payload semantics. 232
Annex E (normative) Video usability information. 250
E.10 VUI syntax. 250
E.11 VUI semantics. 252
Annex F (informative) Patent Rights . 262

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 6-1 – Nominal vertical and horizontal locations of 4:2:0 luma and chroma samples in a frame . 15
Figure 6-2 – Nominal vertical and horizontal sampling locations of samples top and bottom fields. 16
Figure 6-3 – A picture with 11 by 9 macroblocks that is partitioned into two slices . 16
Figure 6-4 – Partitioning of the decoded frame into macroblock pairs. . 17
Figure 6-5 – Macroblock partitions, sub-macroblock partitions, macroblock partition scans, and sub-macroblock partition
scans. . 18
Figure 6-6 – Scan for 4x4 luma blocks. 19
Figure 6-7 – Neighbouring macroblocks for a given macroblock. 20
Figure 6-8 – Neighbouring macroblocks for a given macroblock in MBAFF frames. 21
Figure 6-9 – Determination of the neighbouring macroblock, blocks, and partitions (informative) . 22
Figure 7-1 – The structure of an access unit not containing any NAL units with nal_unit_type equal to 0, 7, 8, or in the
range of 12 to 31, inclusive . 52
Figure 8-1 – Intra_4x4 prediction mode directions (informative) . 102
Figure 8-2 –Example for temporal direct-mode motion vector inference (informative) . 121
Figure 8-3 – Directional segmentation prediction (informative) . 122
Figure 8-4 – Integer samples (shaded blocks with upper-case letters) and fractional sample positions (un-shaded blocks
with lower-case letters) for quarter sample luma interpolation. . 127
Figure 8-5 – Fractional sample position dependent variables in
...