ISO 10835:2007

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10835
Second edition
2007-02-15
Direct reduced iron and hot briquetted
iron — Sampling and sample preparation
Minerais de fer préréduits et fer briqueté à chaud — Échantillonnage et
préparation des échantillons
Reference number
©
ISO 2007
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Contents Page
Foreword. v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 General considerations for sampling and sample preparation . 3
4.1 Basic requirements. 3
4.2 Establishing a sampling scheme . 4
4.3 System verification. 5
5 Fundamentals of sampling and sample preparation . 5
5.1 Minimization of bias. 5
5.1.1 General. 5
5.1.2 Minimization of particle-size degradation . 5
5.1.3 Extraction of increments. 5
5.1.4 Increment mass. 6
5.2 Overall precision. 7
5.3 Quality variation. 9
5.4 Sampling precision and number of primary increments. 9
5.4.1 Mass-basis sampling. 9
5.4.2 Time-basis sampling. 9
5.5 Precision of sample preparation and overall precision. 11
5.5.1 General. 11
5.5.2 Preparation and measurement of gross sample . 11
5.5.3 Preparation and measurement of partial samples . 11
5.5.4 Preparation and measurement of each increment . 11
6 Methods of sampling. 12
6.1 Mass-basis sampling. 12
6.1.1 Mass of increment . 12
6.1.2 Quality variation. 13
6.1.3 Number of primary increments . 13
6.1.4 Sampling interval. 13
6.1.5 Methods of taking increments. 13
6.2 Time-basis sampling . 14
6.2.1 Mass of increment . 14
6.2.2 Quality variation. 14
6.2.3 Number of increments. 14
6.2.4 Sampling interval. 14
6.2.5 Methods of taking increments. 14
6.3 Stratified random sampling within fixed mass or time intervals . 15
6.3.1 General. 15
6.3.2 Fixed mass intervals. 15
6.3.3 Fixed time intervals. 15
7 Sampling from moving streams . 15
7.1 General. 15
7.2 Safety of operations . 16
7.3 Robustness of sampling installation. 16
7.4 Versatility of sampling system . 16
7.5 Primary samplers. 16
7.5.1 Location. 16
7.5.2 Types of primary sampler . 17
7.5.3 General design criteria for primary cutters . 17
7.5.4 Cutter aperture of primary sampler. 21
7.5.5 Cutter speed of primary sampler. 21
7.6 Secondary and subsequent samplers . 22
7.7 On-line sample preparation. 22
7.7.1 Arrangement for sample preparation. 22
7.7.2 Crushers. 22
7.7.3 Dividers. 22
7.7.4 Dryers. 27
7.8 Checking precision and bias . 27
7.9 Cleaning and maintenance. 27
7.10 Example of a flowsheet . 27
8 Sampling from stationary situations. 29
9 Stopped-belt reference sampling . 29
10 Sample preparation. 30
10.1 Fundamentals. 30
10.1.1 General. 30
10.1.2 Crushing and grinding. 30
10.1.3 Mixing. 30
10.1.4 Sample division. 30
10.1.5 Mass of divided sample. 31
10.1.6 Split use and multiple use of sample. 33
10.2 Method of constituting partial samples or a gross sample . 33
10.2.1 General. 33
10.2.2 Method of constitution for mass-basis sampling. 33
10.2.3 Method of constitution for time-basis sampling. 34
10.3 Mechanical methods of division. 34
10.3.1 Mechanical increment division. 34
10.3.2 Other mechanical-division methods . 35
10.4 Manual methods of division. 35
10.4.1 Manual increment division. 35
10.4.2 Fractional shoveling. 38
10.4.3 Manual riffle division method . 39
10.5 Preparation of test sample for physical testing. 40
10.6 Preparation of test sample for moisture determination. 40
10.7 Preparation of test sample for chemical analysis .41
10.7.1 Mass and particle size . 41
10.7.2 Preparation to – 250 µm. 41
10.7.3 Final preparation to – 160 µm .
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