Abstract

ISO 18489:2015 specifies a method to determine the resistance to slow crack growth (SCG) of polyethylene materials, pipes, and fittings. The test is applicable to samples taken from compression moulded sheet or extruded pipes and injection moulded fittings of suitable thickness. ISO 18489:2015 provides a method that is suitable for an accelerated fracture-mechanics characterization at ambient temperatures of 23 °C of different polyethylene grades, especially for PE 80 and PE 100 types for pipe applications. NOTE This test method could be adapted for other thermoplastics materials by developing the procedure using different test parameters.

Status
Not Published
Current Stage
5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
Start Date
06-Oct-2026
Completion Date
06-Oct-2026

Buy Documents

Draft

ISO/FDIS 18489 - Thermoplastic materials for piping systems — Determination of resistance to slow crack growth under cyclic loading — Cracked round bar (CRB) test method

Release Date:22-Sep-2026
English language (19 pages)
sale 15% off
sale 15% off
Draft

REDLINE ISO/FDIS 18489 - Thermoplastic materials for piping systems — Determination of resistance to slow crack growth under cyclic loading — Cracked round bar (CRB) test method

Release Date:22-Sep-2026
English language (19 pages)
sale 15% off
sale 15% off
Draft

ISO/FDIS 18489 - Matériaux thermoplastiques pour systèmes de canalisations — Détermination de la résistance à la propagation lente de fissures sous un chargement cyclique — Méthode d'essai de la barre ronde fissurée (CRB)

Release Date:31-Oct-2026
French language (22 pages)
sale 15% off
sale 15% off

ISO/FDIS 18489 is an ISO draft International Standard for the cracked round bar (CRB) test used to measure resistance to slow crack growth (SCG) in thermoplastic piping materials. It specifies a cyclic loading method for polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and unplasticized polyamide (PA-U) materials, pipes and fittings, and it is written for test laboratories, material suppliers, pipe and fitting makers, and specifiers who need a comparable ranking method.

What does ISO/FDIS 18489 specify?

ISO/FDIS 18489 specifies a CRB test method for determining SCG resistance at ambient temperature, with test parameters for PE, PP and PA-U. The method applies to samples taken from compression moulded sheet, extruded rods, sheets or pipes, and injection moulded fittings of suitable thickness.

The document is organized into clauses 1 to 9, followed by four informative annexes and a bibliography.

AnnexWhat it covers
Annex ARecalculation and single point interpolation
Annex BTest parameters for PE
Annex CTest parameters for PP
Annex DTest parameters for PA-U (PA-U11, PA-U12)

The standard also notes that the procedure can be adapted for other thermoplastics by developing different test parameters. In practice, that means the CRB method is a defined framework, but material-specific settings still matter.

What are the key requirements of ISO/FDIS 18489?

ISO/FDIS 18489 uses a cyclic tensile test on a notched cylindrical specimen, then evaluates failure cycles against stress range. The main work is to prepare the specimen consistently, apply the right cyclic load, and interpret the fracture surface and data correctly.

Test principle and loading

Clause 4 defines the method as a cyclic tensile test with constant load range. A circumferential notch is machined into the specimen to start crack growth, and the number of cycles to final failure is recorded as a function of stress range at the initial crack length.

Clause 5 requires a machine that can impose and record a cyclic load with a sinusoidal waveform. The maximum and minimum load values shall remain constant in load control mode within ±1%, and the load-cycle frequency shall also be accurate to ±1%. In practice, this is what makes results comparable between labs.

Specimen preparation

Clause 6 defines a cylindrical CRB specimen with a length of 80 to 120 mm, a diameter of 14.0 ± 0.15 mm, and a target initial crack length of 1.40 mm. The notch shall be perpendicular to the specimen axis, and the minimum distance between the notch and the clamping system shall be at least 20 mm to avoid clamp effects.

Specimens are machined in accordance with ISO 2818, then notched at 23 ± 2 °C. The notching process shall avoid heating, blunting and residual stress, so the document limits the driving speed and feed and restricts blade reuse. For testing, specimens are conditioned in the standard atmosphere of ISO 291, 23/50, Class 2, for at least 24 h after notching.

Test execution and material-specific settings

Clause 7 requires the diameter to be measured on both sides of the notch before testing, then averaged. The specimen is mounted without bending or twisting, and the test atmosphere is normally 23/50, Class 2 according to ISO 291. If another temperature is used, the unloaded specimen shall be conditioned at that temperature for at least 2 h after mounting.

Clause 7.4 sets a load ratio of R = 0.1 and requires the test to run at different target stress ranges. At least four specimens shall be tested, each at a different stress range spread over the intended range. Annex B, Annex C and Annex D give the recommended frequencies and typical stress ranges for PE, PP and PA-U, so the reader can set up a material-appropriate test.

Crack length and result evaluation

Clause 7.7 requires the initial crack length to be calculated after the test from the fracture surface, using the measured diameter of the remaining ligament. A microscope or equivalent device is used to measure the post-test ligament diameter on both sides of the fracture surface. This matters because the notch depth is reconstructed from the broken specimen, not measured directly before the test.

Clause 8 says that only failures in the plane of the razor blade notch are valid. The corrected stress range is then plotted against failure cycle number on a double logarithmic diagram, and linear regression is used to describe the relationship. The document also requires the diagram to show specimen configuration, test temperature, load-cycle frequency, and load ratio. If the regression quality is not adequate, another specimen is added, and the test is invalid if the fit remains below the stated threshold.

Annex A use

Annex A provides recalculation and single point interpolation. It is used when specimen diameters differ within the standard tolerance or when a product standard asks for comparison at a reference geometry. Annex A also allows evaluation by reference stress range or reference stress intensity factor, which is useful when a buyer, producer or test lab needs one comparable value instead of a full curve.

What terms does ISO/FDIS 18489 define?

  • cycle - the repeated segment of the load-time or stress-time function.
  • failure cycle number - the total number of cycles from the start of the test until specimen failure.
  • frequency - the number of cycles in one second, expressed in hertz (Hz).
  • load ratio (R) - the ratio of minimum load to maximum load in one cycle.
  • load range (ΔF) - the difference between maximum and minimum load in one cycle.
  • initial crack length - the depth of the razor-sharp notch from the specimen surface to the notch tip, calculated after testing.
  • target stress range (Δσ)* - the target difference between maximum and minimum stress at the beginning of the test.
  • reference stress intensity factor range (ΔKI,ref) - the crack-tip stress intensity factor range used for recalculation in Annex A.

Who uses ISO/FDIS 18489?

ISO/FDIS 18489 is used by testing laboratories, polymer and pipe-material developers, pipe and fitting manufacturers, and quality teams that need to rank SCG resistance. It is also relevant to buyers, specifiers and certification bodies that compare grades or verify that a product family behaves as expected under cyclic loading.

In practice, users apply it to virgin and non-virgin thermoplastic materials, especially when long-term performance of pipe and fitting materials matters. It is most useful when deciding between grades, checking process effects, or generating data for product qualification and technical files.

What changed in ISO/FDIS 18489 from the previous edition?

ISO/FDIS 18489 is the second edition and cancels and replaces ISO 18489:2015. The stated changes are:

  • Clause 7.7 was improved for initial crack length calculation.
  • Annex A was improved for recalculation and single point interpolation, with added information for single point evaluation.
  • The test parameters for different materials were moved into informative Annexes B, C and D.
  • PP and PA-U were added among the material-specific annexes.
  • New photographs of PE fracture surfaces after testing were included.

Which standards are used with ISO/FDIS 18489?

ISO/FDIS 18489 cites these standards as part of its method or supporting setup:

  • ISO 291 - provides the standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing, including the 23/50, Class 2 condition used in the method.
  • ISO 2818 - gives the machining method for preparing test specimens.
  • ISO 16770 - Annex B uses it as the basis for PE moulding conditions.
  • ISO 16486-1 - Annex D uses it for PA-U 11 180 and PA-U 12 180 designation.
  • ISO 16396-1 - Annex D uses it for PA-U designation and basis for specifications.
  • ISO 16396-2 - Annex D uses it for preparation of PA-U test specimens and determination of properties.
  • CEN/TS 14541-2:2022 - Annex C links PP recyclate ranges to this technical specification.
  • EN 14758-1:2023 - Annex C links PP-MD pipe and fitting specifications to this European standard.

What does the ISO/FDIS 18489 document contain?

ISO/FDIS 18489 contains a specimen configuration figure, a load calculation figure, a fracture-surface measurement method, and an example log-log plot for data treatment. It also contains detailed apparatus requirements for the test machine, microscope and notching setup.

Annex A gives the equations and procedure for recalculation and single point interpolation. Annexes B, C and D give material-specific moulding conditions, conditioning notes, load-cycle frequencies, typical stress ranges, and guidance on reading fracture surfaces for PE, PP and PA-U.

Clause 9 gives the test report checklist, including material identification, specimen preparation, notching details, loading variables, the Δσ versus Nf diagram, and photographs of fracture surfaces. The bibliography shows the research and related standards that support the method.

Relations

Effective Date
12-Feb-2026
Effective Date
12-Apr-2025
Effective Date
24-Feb-2024

Buy Documents

Draft

ISO/FDIS 18489 - Thermoplastic materials for piping systems — Determination of resistance to slow crack growth under cyclic loading — Cracked round bar (CRB) test method

Release Date:22-Sep-2026
English language (19 pages)
sale 15% off
sale 15% off
Draft

REDLINE ISO/FDIS 18489 - Thermoplastic materials for piping systems — Determination of resistance to slow crack growth under cyclic loading — Cracked round bar (CRB) test method

Release Date:22-Sep-2026
English language (19 pages)
sale 15% off
sale 15% off
Draft

ISO/FDIS 18489 - Matériaux thermoplastiques pour systèmes de canalisations — Détermination de la résistance à la propagation lente de fissures sous un chargement cyclique — Méthode d'essai de la barre ronde fissurée (CRB)

Release Date:31-Oct-2026
French language (22 pages)
sale 15% off
sale 15% off

Get Certified

Connect with accredited certification bodies for this standard

Institut za varilstvo d.o.o. (Welding Institute)

Slovenia's leading welding institute since 1952. ISO 3834, EN 1090, pressure equipment certification, NDT personnel, welder qualification. Only IIW Au

SA Slovenia Verified

Sponsored listings

Frequently Asked Questions

ISO/FDIS 18489 is a draft published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Thermoplastic materials for piping systems — Determination of resistance to slow crack growth under cyclic loading — Cracked round bar (CRB) test method". This standard covers: ISO 18489:2015 specifies a method to determine the resistance to slow crack growth (SCG) of polyethylene materials, pipes, and fittings. The test is applicable to samples taken from compression moulded sheet or extruded pipes and injection moulded fittings of suitable thickness. ISO 18489:2015 provides a method that is suitable for an accelerated fracture-mechanics characterization at ambient temperatures of 23 °C of different polyethylene grades, especially for PE 80 and PE 100 types for pipe applications. NOTE This test method could be adapted for other thermoplastics materials by developing the procedure using different test parameters.

ISO 18489:2015 specifies a method to determine the resistance to slow crack growth (SCG) of polyethylene materials, pipes, and fittings. The test is applicable to samples taken from compression moulded sheet or extruded pipes and injection moulded fittings of suitable thickness. ISO 18489:2015 provides a method that is suitable for an accelerated fracture-mechanics characterization at ambient temperatures of 23 °C of different polyethylene grades, especially for PE 80 and PE 100 types for pipe applications. NOTE This test method could be adapted for other thermoplastics materials by developing the procedure using different test parameters.

ISO/FDIS 18489 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 23.040.20 - Plastics pipes; 23.040.45 - Plastics fittings. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ISO/FDIS 18489 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to FprEN ISO 18489, ISO 19403-1:2022, ISO 18489:2015. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ISO/FDIS 18489 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 138/SC 5
Thermoplastic materials for
Secretariat: NEN
piping systems — Determination
Voting begins on:
of resistance to slow crack growth
2026-10-06
under cyclic loading — Cracked
Voting terminates on:
round bar (CRB) test method
2026-12-01
Matériaux thermoplastiques pour systèmes de canalisations —
Détermination de la résistance à la propagation lente de fissures
sous un chargement cyclique — Méthode d'essai de la barre
ronde fissurée (CRB)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 138/SC 5
Thermoplastic materials for
Secretariat: NEN
piping systems — Determination
Voting begins on:
of resistance to slow crack growth
under cyclic loading — Cracked
Voting terminates on:
round bar (CRB) test method
Matériaux thermoplastiques pour systèmes de canalisations —
Détermination de la résistance à la propagation lente de fissures
sous un chargement cyclique — Méthode d'essai de la barre
ronde fissurée (CRB)
© ISO 2026
All rights reserved.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
This ISO publication is protected by copyright and is owned by ISO and/or its licensors.
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
The content of this ISO publication is provided under licence, not sold. Use is subject to the applicable licence terms issued by ISO,
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
an ISO member body, or an authorized third-party distributor.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
Except as required for implementation or expressly permitted by a separate licence, no part of this ISO publication may be
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
reproduced, distributed, modified, used, or made available in any form or by any means – electronic or mechanical, including
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
photocopying, scanning, recording, or posting on internal or external digital platforms. TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
Any use beyond the scope of the granted rights is prohibited and may result in legal action.
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 4
5 Apparatus . 4
5.1 Test machine .4
5.1.1 Loading system .4
5.1.2 Grips.5
5.1.3 Temperature chamber .5
5.2 Microscope .5
5.3 Notching apparatus .5
6 Test specimen . 5
6.1 Specimen geometry and dimensions .5
6.2 Test specimen preparation .6
6.3 Specimen notching .6
6.4 Specimen conditioning .6
7 Test procedure . 7
7.1 Measurement of specimen dimensions .7
7.2 Specimen mounting . .7
7.3 Test atmosphere .7
7.4 Calculation of test load .7
7.5 Load-cycle frequency .8
7.6 Load application .8
7.7 Initial crack length calculation .8
8 Data treatment . 9
9 Test report .10
Annex A (informative) Recalculation and single point interpolation .12
Annex B (informative) Test parameters for PE . 14
Annex C (informative) Test parameters for PP .16
Annex D (informative) Test parameters for PA-U (PA-U11, PA-U12) . 17
Bibliography . 19

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 138, Plastics pipes, fittings and valves for the
transport of fluids, Subcommittee SC 5, General properties of pipes, fittings and valves of plastic materials and
their accessories — Test methods and basic specifications.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18489:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— 7.7 was improved for initial crack length calculation;
— Annex A was improved for recalculation and single point interpolation and added information in A.2 and
A.3 for the single point evaluation;
— all test parameters for different materials are shifted in the informative Annexes B, C and D and materials
PP and PA-U added. New photographs of fracture surfaces after testing for PE included.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
Knowledge about the resistance to long-term failure mechanisms as a result of crack initiation and slow
crack growth (SCG) is important for the ranking and pre-selection of thermoplastic materials, especially
for long-term applications such as pipes and fittings made of thermoplastic pipe materials. Several tests to
determine the relevant failure mechanisms are available today where elevated temperatures and also the
combination with stress cracking liquids are used to decrease the time frame for testing.
Developments in modern polyethylene materials have led to a significant increase of resistance to crack
initiation and slow crack growth so that testing with available methods exceeds practical time frames.
Therefore, new accelerated methods, preferably at application relevant temperatures and without additional
time reducing liquids, are required.
This test method achieves a significant decrease of testing time even at ambient temperatures of 23 °C. This
is more relevant to the temperature range of many applications, and testing at this temperature does not
change the structural status of the polymer. Acceleration of material testing is achieved by the specimen
[2][3][4]
geometry and the cyclic loading regime to result in completion of testing in a relatively short time .

v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 18489:2026(en)
Thermoplastic materials for piping systems — Determination
of resistance to slow crack growth under cyclic loading —
Cracked round bar (CRB) test method
1 Scope
This document specifies a method used to determine the resistance to slow crack growth (SCG) of
thermoplastic materials, pipes and fittings. The test is applicable to samples taken from compression
moulded sheets, extruded rods, sheets or pipes and injection moulded fittings of suitable thickness.
The method is suitable for an accelerated slow crack growth characterization at ambient temperatures of
23 °C.
This document specifies test parameters for polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and unplasticized
polyamide (PA-U).
Furthermore, this test can be applied to characterise the slow crack growth resistance of virgin, as well as
[5]
non-virgin (reused, recycled) thermoplastic materials .
This test method can be adapted for other thermoplastics materials by developing the procedure using
different test parameters.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
cycle
N
smallest segment of a load-time or stress-time function which is repeated periodically
3.2
failure cycle number
N
f
total number of cycles (3.1) from the beginning until failure of the test specimen

3.3
frequency
f
number of cycles (3.1) within one second
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in Hertz (Hz).
3.4
initial crack length
a
ini
depth of the razor-sharp notch from the specimen surface up to the notch tip at the beginning of the test,
calculated after testing
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.5
initial ligament diameter
D
ini
ligament diameter of the cylindrical specimen after notching at the beginning of the test, measured after
testing
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.6
load ratio
R
ratio of the minimum load, F (3.19) to the maximum load, F (3.8) in one cycle (3.1)
min max
Note 1 to entry: It is calculated by:
F
min
R=
F
max
3.7
load range
ΔF
difference between the maximum load, F (3.8) and minimum load, F (3.9) in one cycle (3.1)
max min
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in Newtons (N).
3.8
maximum load
F
max
highest value of the applied load, in Newtons (N), in one cycle (3.1)
3.9
minimum load
F
min
lowest value of the applied load, in Newtons (N), in one cycle (3.1)
3.10
notch distance
L
min
minimum distance from notch to clamping system
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).

3.11
target initial crack length
a *
ini
target depth of the razor-sharp notch from the specimen surface up to the notch tip after notching, prior to
testing
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.12
target initial ligament diameter
D *
ini
target ligament diameter of the cylindrical specimen after notching, prior to testing
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
Note 2 to entry: It is calculated by D * = D – 2 a *
ini ini
3.13
target stress range
Δσ *
target difference between the maximum and minimum stress at the beginning of the test
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
3.14
specimen diameter
D
diameter of the cylindrical specimen measured prior to testing, measured after notching at the vicinity of
notch location
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.15
specimen length
L
total length of the test specimen
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.16
stress range
Δσ
applied difference between the maximum and minimum stress at the beginning of the test
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
3.17
waveform
shape of the load-time curve within a single cycle (3.1)
3.18
reference specimen radius
r
ref
specimen radius (r = D /2), given in the product standard or requirement
ref ref
Note 1 to entry: It is used for recalculation after testing using Annex A.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).

3.19
reference specimen diameter
D
ref
specimen diameter (D = 2r ), given in the product standard or requirement
ref ref
Note 1 to entry: It is used for recalculation after testing using Annex A.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.20
reference initial crack length
a
ini,ref
depth of the razor-sharp notch, given in the product standard or requirement
Note 1 to entry: It is used for recalculation after testing using Annex A.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.21
reference stress range
Δσ
0,ref
difference between the maximum and the minimum stress calculated using Formula (A.3) based on a
reference specimen diameter and reference initial crack length
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
3.22
reference stress intensity factor
ΔK
I,ref
difference between the minimum and the maximum stress intensity factor calculated using Formula (A.1)
based on a reference specimen diameter and reference initial crack length
0,5
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in megapascals per square root metre (MPa m ).
4 Principle
A cyclic tensile test with constant load range is imposed on a cylindrical specimen under suitable test
conditions within the stress range where SCG is achieved. A circumferential notch is machined in the centre
of the test specimen to enable crack initiation and SCG to final failure of the specimen. The number of cycles
until final failure, N , is recorded as a function of the stress range, Δσ , at the initial crack length, a . The
f 0 ini
specimen geometry ensures quick crack initiation and short testing times due to the high constraint and low
plastics deformations along the crack tip.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
5.1.1 Loading system
The loading system shall be capable of imposing and recording a cyclic load.
The cyclic load shall follow a sinusoidal waveform which is characterized by the maximum load, F , and
max
the load ratio, R. The maximum and minimum loading values shall be constant (load control mode) during
the entire test with an accuracy of ±1 %.
The load-cycle frequency shall have an accuracy of ±1 %.

5.1.2 Grips
The grips shall be suitable to clamp cylindrical specimens. It shall ensure that the load distribution is in
alignment with the specimen axis.
5.1.3 Temperature chamber
For testing at low or high temperatures, the test machine shall be equipped with a suitable chamber that
contains the environment and ensures complete exposure of the specimen. The chamber shall be constructed
of materials which do not affect the environment, and which are not affected by it. The temperature of
the environment shall be controlled in order to maintain the test specimens within ±2 °C of the specified
temperature.
5.2 Microscope
A microscope with an accuracy of 0,03 mm or an equivalent device shall be used to determine the initial
crack length after the finished cyclic tests.
5.3 Notching apparatus
The device used shall be capable of producing a razor-sharp notch of specified depth at the circumference of
the cylindrical specimen. The notch tip radius produced shall be less than 10 μm.
NOTE 1 Usually, razor blades meet this requirement.
A conventional lathe in combination with a razor blade tool may be suitable for this purpose. Bending of
the razor blade shall be avoided and notching perpendicular to the specimen axis shall be ensured. It is
recommended to use a razor blade support where the free length of the razor blade for notching is limited to
approximately 2 mm for notch depths of 1,4 mm.
6 Test specimen
6.1 Specimen geometry and dimensions
The specimen configuration of the cracked round bar (CRB) specimen is shown in Figure 1. A cylindrical
bar of length, L, and diameter, D, is prepared with a circumferential razor-sharp notch with a depth of a *
ini
(target initial crack length) in the middle of the specimen resulting in a target initial ligament diameter, D *.
ini
Specimen dimensions shall be as specified in Table 1. The initial crack shall be perpendicular to the specimen
axis.
To avoid clamping effects at the crack tip, the notch distance, L , shall be at least 20 mm from the grips.
min
Table 1 — Specimen dimensions
Dimension
Parameter
mm
L specimen length 80 to 120
D specimen diameter 14,0 ± 0,15
a * target initial crack length 1,40
ini
minimum distance between
L ≥20
min
notch and clamping system
Clamping part of the specimen may be threaded, for example, M 14 × 1,0 metric fine thread, in which case
matching grips shall be used.
NOTE 1 Residual stresses can cause bending of the test specimen which can influence the test results. Bending can
be minimized by taking the specimen from the location where the residual stress is minimum e.g. from the centre of
the pipe wall.
Key
L specimen length
L minimum distance between notch and clamping system
min
a * target initial crack length
ini
D * target initial ligament diameter
ini
D specimen diameter
1 razor-sharp notch
Figure 1 — Principal configuration of CRB test specimen with optional metric fine thread
6.2 Test specimen preparation
The test specimens shall be machined from compression moulded sheets, extruded rods or directly from
pipe or fittings. The use of diffe
...


ISO/TC 138/SC 5
Secretariat: NEN
Date: 2026-07-27xx
Thermoplastic materials for piping systems — Determination of
resistance to slow crack growth under cyclic loading —
crackedCracked round bar (CRB) test method
This draft is submitted to a parallel vote in ISO, CEN.

© Matériaux thermoplastiques pour systèmes de canalisations — Détermination de la résistance à la
propagation lente de fissures sous un chargement cyclique — Méthode d'essai de la barre ronde fissurée (CRB)
FDIS stage
This draft is submitted to a parallel vote in ISO, CEN.
2 © ISO #### – All rights reserved

© ISO 2026
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified,
This ISO publication is protected by copyright and is owned by ISO and/or its licensors.
The content of this ISO publication is provided under licence, not sold. Use is subject to the applicable licence terms issued
by ISO, an ISO member body, or an authorized third-party distributor.
Except as required in the context of its for implementation or expressly permitted by a separate licence, no part of this
ISO publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise, distributed, modified, used, or made available in any form or
by any means, – electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording, or posting on internal or external
digital platforms.
Any use beyond the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either
ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the countryscope of the requestergranted rights is prohibited and may
result in legal action.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
iii
Contents
Foreword . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Introduction . Error! Bookmark not defined.
1 Scope . Error! Bookmark not defined.
2 Normative references . Error! Bookmark not defined.
3 Terms and definitions . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4 Principle. Error! Bookmark not defined.
5 Apparatus . Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1 Test machine . Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2 Microscope . Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.3 Notching apparatus. Error! Bookmark not defined.
6 Test specimen . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.1 Specimen geometry and dimensions. Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.2 Test specimen preparation . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.3 Specimen notching . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.4 Specimen conditioning . Error! Bookmark not defined.
7 Test procedure . Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.1 Measurement of specimen dimensions . Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.2 Specimen mounting . Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.3 Test atmosphere . Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.4 Calculation of test load . Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.5 Load-cycle frequency . Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.6 Load application . Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.7 Initial crack length calculation . Error! Bookmark not defined.
8 Data treatment . Error! Bookmark not defined.
9 Test report . Error! Bookmark not defined.
(informative) Recalculation and single point interpolation . Error! Bookmark not defined.
(informative) Test parameters for PE . Error! Bookmark not defined.
(informative) Test parameters for PP . Error! Bookmark not defined.
(informative) Test parameters for PA-U (PA-U11, PA-U12) . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Bibliography . Error! Bookmark not defined.

iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 138, Plastics pipes, fittings and valves for the
transport of fluids, Subcommittee SC 5, General properties of pipes, fittings and valves of plastic materials and
their accessories — Test methods and basic specifications.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18489:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— 7.7— was improved subclause 7.7 for initial crack length calculation;
— Annex A— was improved Annex A for recalculation and single point interpolation and added information
in A.2A.2 and A.3A.3 for the single point evaluation;
— — Allall test parameters for different materials are shifted in the informative Annexes BAnnexes B, C, C
and DD and materials PP and PA-U added. New photographs of fracture surfaces after testing for PE
included.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduction
Knowledge about the resistance to long-term failure mechanisms as a result of crack initiation and slow crack
growth (SCG) is important for the ranking and pre-selection of thermoplastic materials, especially for long-
term applications such as pipes and fittings made of thermoplastic pipe materials. Several tests to determine
the relevant failure mechanisms are available today where elevated temperatures and also the combination
with stress cracking liquids are used to decrease the time frame for testing.
Developments in modern polyethylene materials have led to a significant increase of resistance to crack
initiation and slow crack growth so that testing with available methods exceeds practical time frames.
Therefore, new accelerated methods, preferably at application relevant temperatures and without additional
time reducing liquids, are required.
This test method achieves a significant decrease of testing time even at ambient temperatures of 23 °C. This is
more relevant to the temperature range of many applications, and testing at this temperature does not change
the structural status of the polymer. Acceleration of material testing is achieved by the specimen geometry
[2] [3] [4][2] [3] [4]
and the cyclic loading regime to result in completion of testing in a relatively short time , , .
vi
Thermoplastic materials for piping systems — Determination of
resistance to slow crack growth under cyclic loading — Cracked Round
Barround bar (CRB) test method
1 Scope
This document specifies a method used to determine the resistance to slow crack growth (SCG) of
thermoplastic materials, pipes and fittings. The test is applicable to samples taken from compression moulded
sheets, extruded rods, sheets or pipes and injection moulded fittings of suitable thickness.
The method is suitable for an accelerated slow crack growth characterization at ambient temperatures of
23 °C.
This document specifies test parameters for polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and unplasticized
polyamide (PA-U).
Furthermore, this test can be applied to characterise the slow crack growth resistance of virgin, as well as non-
[5][5]
virgin (reused, recycled) thermoplastic materials .
This test method can be adapted for other thermoplastics materials by developing the procedure using
different test parameters.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 3.1
cycle
N
smallest segment of a load-time or stress-time function which is repeated periodically
3.2 3.2
failure cycle number
N
f
total number of cycles (3.1(3.1)) from the beginning until failure of the test specimen
3.3 3.3
frequency
f
number of cycles (3.1(3.1)) within one second
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in Hertz (Hz).
3.4 3.4
initial crack length
a
ini
depth of the razor-sharp notch from the specimen surface up to the notch tip at the beginning of the test,
calculated after testing
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.5 3.5
initial ligament diameter
D
ini
ligament diameter of the cylindrical specimen after notching at the beginning of the test, measured after
testing
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.6 3.6
load ratio
R
ratio of the minimum load, F (3.19(3.19)) to the maximum load, F (3.8(3.8)) in one cycle (3.1(3.1))
min max
Note 1 to entry: It is calculated by:

3.7
𝐹𝐹
min
𝑅𝑅 =
𝐹𝐹
max
3.7
load range
ΔF
difference between the maximum load, F (3.8(3.8)) and minimum load, F (3.9(3.9)) in one cycle (3.1(3.1))
max min
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in Newtons (N).
3.73.8 3.8
maximum load
F
max
highest value of the applied load, in Newtons (N), in one cycle (3.1(3.1))
3.83.9 3.9
minimum load
F
min
lowest value of the applied load, in Newtons (N), in one cycle (3.1(3.1))
3.93.10 3.10
notch distance
L
min
minimum distance from notch to clamping system
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.103.11 3.11
target initial crack length
a *
ini
target depth of the razor-sharp notch from the specimen surface up to the notch tip after notching, prior to
testing
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.113.12 3.12
target initial ligament diameter
D *
ini
target ligament diameter of the cylindrical specimen after notching, prior to testing
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
Note 2 to entry: It is calculated by Dini* = D – 2 aini*
3.123.13 3.13
target stress range
Δσ *
target difference between the maximum and minimum stress at the beginning of the test
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
3.133.14 3.14
specimen diameter
D
diameter of the cylindrical specimen measured prior to testing, measured after notching at the vicinity of
notch location
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.143.15 3.15
specimen length
L
total length of the test specimen
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.153.16 3.16
stress range
Δσ
applied difference between the maximum and minimum stress at the beginning of the test
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
3.163.17 3.17
waveform
shape of the load-time curve within a single cycle (3.1(3.1))
3.173.18 3.18
reference specimen radius
r
ref
specimen radius (r = D /2), given in the product standard or requirement
ref ref
Note 1 to entry: It is used for recalculation after testing using Annex AAnnex A.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.183.19 3.19
reference specimen diameter
D
ref
specimen diameter (D = 2r ), given in the product standard or requirement
ref ref
Note 1 to entry: It is used for recalculation after testing using Annex AAnnex A.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.193.20 3.20
reference initial crack length
a
ini - ,ref
depth of the razor-sharp notch, given in the product standard or requirement
Note 1 to entry: It is used for recalculation after testing using Annex AAnnex A.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.203.21 3.21
reference stress range
Δσ
0 -, ref
difference between the maximum and the minimum stress calculated using equation A.3Formula (A.3) based
on a reference specimen diameter and reference initial crack length
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
3.213.22 3.22
reference stress intensity factor
ΔK
I - ,ref
difference between the minimum and the maximum stress intensity factor calculated using
equation A.1Formula (A.1) based on a reference specimen diameter and reference initial crack length
0,5
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in megapascals per square root metre (MPa m ).
4 Principle
A cyclic tensile test with constant load range is imposed on a cylindrical specimen under suitable test
conditions within the stress range where SCG is achieved. A circumferential notch is machined in the centre
of the test specimen to enable crack initiation and SCG to final failure of the specimen. The number of cycles
until final failure, N , is recorded as a function of the stress range, Δσ , at the initial crack length, a . The
f 0 ini
specimen geometry ensures quick crack initiation and short testing times due to the high constraint and low
plastics deformations along the crack tip.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
5.1.1 Loading system
The loading system shall be capable of imposing and recording a cyclic load.
The cyclic load shall follow a sinusoidal waveform which is characterized by the maximum load, F , and the
max
load ratio, R. The maximum and minimum loading values shall be constant (load control mode) during the
entire test with an accuracy of ±1 %.
The load-cycle frequency shall have an accuracy of ±1 %.
5.1.2 Grips
The grips shall be suitable to clamp cylindrical specimens. It shall ensure that the load distribution is in
alignment with the specimen axis.
5.1.3 Temperature chamber
For testing at low or high temperatures, the test machine shall be equipped with a suitable chamber that
contains the environment and ensures complete exposure of the specimen. The chamber shall be constructed
of materials which do not affect the environment, and which are not affected by it. The temperature of the
environment shall be controlled in order to maintain the test specimens within ±2 °C of the specified
temperature.
5.2 Microscope
A microscope with an accuracy of 0,03 mm or an equivalent device shall be used to determine the initial crack
length after the finished cyclic tests.
5.3 Notching apparatus
The device used shall be capable of producing a razor-sharp notch of specified depth at the circumference of
the cylindrical specimen. The notch tip radius produced shall be less than 10 μm.
NOTE 1 Usually, razor blades meet this requirement.
A conventional lathe in combination with a razor blade tool may be suitable for this purpose. Bending of the
razor blade shall be avoided and notching perpendicular to the specimen axis shall be ensured. It is
recommended to use a razor blade support where the free length of the razor blade for notching is limited to
approximately 2 mm for notch depths of 1,4 mm.
6 Test specimen
6.1 Specimen geometry and dimensions
The specimen configuration of the cracked round bar (CRB) specimen is shown in Figure 1Figure 1. A
cylindrical bar of length, L, and diameter, D, is prepared with a circumferential razor-sharp notch with a depth
of a * (target initial crack length) in the middle of the specimen resulting in a target initial ligament diameter,
ini
D *.
ini
Specimen dimensions shall be as specified in Table 1Table 1. The initial crack shall be perpendicular to the
specimen axis.
To avoid clamping effects at the crack tip, the notch distance, L , shall be at least 20 mm from the grips.
min
Table 1 — Specimen dimensions
Dimension
Parameter
mm
L specimen length 80 to 120
D specimen diameter 14,0 ± 0,15
a * target initial crack length 1,40
ini
minimum distance between
Lmin ≥20
notch and clamping system
Clamping part of the specimen may be threaded, for example, M 14 × 1,0 metric fine thread, in which case
matching grips shall be used.
NOTE 1 Residual stresses can cause bending of the test specimen which can influence the test results. Bending can be
minimized by taking the specimen from the location where the residual stress is minimum e.g. from the centre of the pipe
wall.
18489_ed2fig1.EPS
Key
L specimen length
Lmin minimum distance between notch and clamping system
aini* target initial crack length
Dini* target initial ligament diameter
D specimen diameter
1 razor-sharp notch
Figure 1 — Principal configuration of CRB test specimen with optional metric fine thread
6.2 Test specimen preparation
The test specimens shall be machined from compression moulded sheets, extruded rods or directly from pipe
or fittings. The use of different processing conditions can affect the results. Recommended conditions for
compression moulding of test specimens are given in Annex BAnnex B for PE, Annex CAnnex C for PP and
Annex DAnnex D for PA-U.
The specimens shall be machined in accordance with ISO 2818.
6.3 Specimen notching
Specimens shall be notched at ambient temperature of (23 ± 2) °C with a notching apparatus according to
5.35.3. To avoid frictional heating which may lead to notch tip damage such as blunting and introduction of
residual stresses, select a sufficiently low driving speed and feed. Favourable values for the specimen notching
are a driving speed of maximum 100 rpmr/min and a razor blade feed of maximum 0,03 mm/rotation.
Special attention shall be paid to notching perpendicular to the specimen axis.
A razor blade shall be used for no more than 10 notches for virgin PE materials. For other materials, filled
materials and recyclates not more than 5 notches shall be done per razor blade.
NOTE 1 Both non-perpendicular notching and the use of damaged razor blades have a significant influence on the
failure cycle number, N .
f
6.4 Specimen conditioning
Unless otherwise specified, specimens shall be conditioned at 23/50, Class 2 according toin accordance with
ISO 291 for a minimum of 24 h after notching and prior to testing.
7 Test procedure
7.1 Measurement of specimen dimensions
Before testing, the diameter, D, shall be recorded on both sides of the notch at a distance of 1 mm to 2 mm
from the notch with an accuracy of at least 0,1 mm. An average of the two measurements shall be taken.
Measuring the diameter directly at the notch shall be avoided.
7.2 Specimen mounting
Depending on the clamping system, the specimen shall be mounted into the test machine without inducing
additional forces. Bending or twisting of the specimen shall be avoided. The distance from the grips to the
notch shall be of a sufficient length, L , (see Figure 1Figure 1)) to avoid any clamping effects at the crack tip.
min
7.3 Test atmosphere
The test shall be carried out at condition 23/50, Class 2 according toin accordance with ISO 291, unless
specified otherwise in a referring standard. In case of testing at other temperatures, the unloaded specimen
shall be conditioned at the test temperature for at least 2 h after mounting in the test apparatus.
7.4 Calculation of test load
The calculation of the maximum load, F , and the minimum load, F , shall be carried out in accordance with
max min
Figure 2 and Formulae (1) to (3)according to Figure 2 and Formulae (1) to (3).
...


PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 138/SC 5
Matériaux thermoplastiques
Secrétariat: NEN
pour systèmes de canalisations —
Début de vote:
Détermination de la résistance à la
2026-10-06
propagation lente de fissures sous
Vote clos le:
un chargement cyclique — Méthode
2026-12-01
d'essai de la barre ronde fissurée
(CRB)
Thermoplastic materials for piping systems — Determination of
resistance to slow crack growth under cyclic loading — Cracked
round bar (CRB) test method
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
PROJETS DE NORMES
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
NORMES POUVANT
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
Numéro de référence
PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 138/SC 5
Matériaux thermoplastiques
Secrétariat: NEN
pour systèmes de canalisations —
Début de vote:
Détermination de la résistance à la
2026-10-06
propagation lente de fissures sous
Vote clos le:
un chargement cyclique — Méthode
2026-12-01
d'essai de la barre ronde fissurée
(CRB)
Thermoplastic materials for piping systems — Determination of
resistance to slow crack growth under cyclic loading — Cracked
round bar (CRB) test method
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2026
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
Tous droits réservés.
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
La présente publication de l’ISO est protégée par le droit d’auteur et demeure la propriété de l’ISO et/ou de ses concédants de
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
licence.
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
Le contenu de la présente publication de l’ISO est fourni sous licence, et n’est pas vendu. Son utilisation est soumise aux conditions
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
de licence applicables définies par l’ISO, un organisme membre de l’ISO, ou un distributeur tiers agréé.
INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
Sous réserve des besoins liés à sa mise en œuvre ou d’une autorisation expresse prévue aux termes d’une licence distincte, aucune
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
partie de la présente publication de l’ISO ne peut être reproduite, distribuée, modifiée, utilisée ou mise à disposition sous quelque PROJETS DE NORMES
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
forme ou par quelque moyen que ce soit – électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, la numérisation, l’enregistrement
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
ou la publication sur des plateformes numériques internes ou externes.
NORMES POUVANT
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
Toute utilisation hors du champ d’application des droits accordés est interdite et peut donner lieu à des poursuites judiciaires.
NATIONALE.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
Numéro de référence
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Principe. 4
5 Appareillage . 4
5.1 Machine d’essai .4
5.1.1 Système de chargement .4
5.1.2 Mors .5
5.1.3 Enceinte thermostatée .5
5.2 Microscope .5
5.3 Équipement d’entaillage .5
6 Éprouvette . 5
6.1 Géométrie et dimensions de l’éprouvette .5
6.2 Préparation des éprouvettes .6
6.3 Entaillage de l’éprouvette .6
6.4 Conditionnement des éprouvettes .6
7 Mode opératoire d’essai . 7
7.1 Mesurage des dimensions des éprouvettes .7
7.2 Montage des éprouvettes .7
7.3 Atmosphère d’essai .7
7.4 Calcul de la charge d’essai .7
7.5 Fréquence des cycles de chargement.8
7.6 Application de la charge .8
7.7 Calcul de la longueur de fissure initiale .8
8 Traitement des données . 9
9 Rapport d’essai . 10
Annexe A (informative) Recalcul et interpolation en un seul point .12
Annexe B (informative) Paramètres d’essai pour le PE .15
Annexe C (informative) Paramètres d’essai pour le PP . 17
Annexe D (informative) Paramètres d’essai pour le PA-U (PA-U11, PA-U12) .18
Bibliographie .20

iii
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a
été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir
www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l’utilisation
d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l’applicabilité de
tout droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l’ISO n’avait pas
reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application. Toutefois,
il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des informations
plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à l’adresse
www.iso.org/brevets. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié tout ou partie de
tels droits de brevet.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de
l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 138, Tubes, raccords et robinetterie en
matières plastiques pour le transport des fluides, sous-comité SC 5, Propriétés générales des tubes, raccords et
robinetteries en matières plastiques et leurs accessoires — Méthodes d’essais et spécifications de base.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 18489:2015), qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:
— amélioration de 7.7 pour le calcul de la longueur de fissure initiale;
— amélioration de l’Annexe A pour le recalcul et l’interpolation en un seul point et ajout d’informations en
A.2 et A.3 pour l’évaluation en un seul point.
— tous les paramètres d’essai pour les différents matériaux ont été déplacés dans les Annexes B, C et D
informatives et les matériaux PP et PA-U ont été ajoutés. De nouvelles photographies de surfaces de
rupture après les essais du PE ont été incluses.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.

iv
Introduction
La connaissance de la résistance aux mécanismes de rupture à long terme résultant de l’initiation de
fissures et de la propagation lente de fissures (SCG) est importante pour le classement et la présélection
des matériaux thermoplastiques, en particulier pour les applications à long terme, telles que les tubes et les
raccords en matériaux thermoplastiques. Plusieurs essais visant à déterminer les mécanismes de rupture
pertinents sont actuellement disponibles. Ils impliquent l’utilisation de températures élevées, combinées
avec des liquides de fissuration sous contrainte pour réduire la durée des essais.
Les développements de matériaux polyéthylène modernes ont conduit à une augmentation significative de
la résistance à l’initiation de fissures et à la propagation lente de fissures, de sorte que les essais avec les
méthodes disponibles dépassent les délais pratiques. Par conséquent, de nouvelles méthodes accélérées,
de préférence à des températures pertinentes pour l’application et sans liquides permettant de réduire la
durée, sont nécessaires.
La présente méthode d’essai permet d’obtenir une diminution significative de la durée de l’essai, même à
des températures ambiantes de 23 °C. Elle est plus pertinente pour la plage de température utilisée pour de
nombreuses applications et les essais à cette température ne modifient pas l’état structurel du polymère.
L’accélération des essais des matériaux est obtenue grâce à la géométrie de l’éprouvette et au régime de
[2] [3] [4]
chargement cyclique pour aboutir à l’achèvement des essais dans un délai relativement court , , .

v
PROJET FINAL Norme internationale ISO/FDIS 18489:2026(fr)
Matériaux thermoplastiques pour systèmes de
canalisations — Détermination de la résistance à la
propagation lente de fissures sous un chargement cyclique —
Méthode d'essai de la barre ronde fissurée (CRB)
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document spécifie une méthode utilisée pour déterminer la résistance à la propagation lente de
fissures (SCG) des tubes et raccords en matériaux thermoplastiques. L’essai est applicable à des échantillons
prélevés sur des plaques moulées par compression, des barreaux extrudés, des plaques ou des tubes et des
raccords moulés par injection d’épaisseur appropriée.
La méthode convient à une caractérisation accélérée de la propagation lente de fissures à des températures
ambiantes de 23 °C.
Le présent document spécifie les paramètres d’essai pour le polyéthylène (PE), le polypropylène (PP) et le
polyamide non plastifié (PA-U).
En outre, cet essai peut être appliqué pour caractériser la résistance à la propagation lente de fissures des
[5]
matériaux thermoplastiques vierges, ainsi que non vierges (réutilisés, recyclés) .
En mettant au point un nouveau mode opératoire avec des paramètres d’essai différents, cette méthode
d’essai peut être adaptée à d’autres matériaux thermoplastiques.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour
les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 291, Plastiques — Atmosphères normales de conditionnement et d'essai
ISO 2818, Plastiques — Préparation des éprouvettes par usinage
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en normalisation,
consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
cycle
N
plus petit segment d’une fonction charge/temps ou contrainte/temps qui est répété périodiquement

3.2
nombre de cycles de rupture
N
f
nombre total de cycles (3.1) du début jusqu’à la rupture de l’éprouvette
3.3
fréquence
f
nombre de cycles (3.1) en une seconde
Note 1 à l'article: Elle est exprimée en Hertz (Hz).
3.4
longueur de fissure initiale
a
ini
profondeur de l’entaille tranchante à partir de la surface de l’éprouvette jusqu’à la pointe de l’entaille au
début de l’essai, calculée après l’essai
Note 1 à l'article: Elle est exprimée en millimètres (mm).
3.5
diamètre initial du ligament
D
ini
diamètre du ligament de l’éprouvette cylindrique après l’entaillage au début de l’essai, mesuré après l’essai
Note 1 à l'article: Il est exprimé en millimètres (mm).
3.6
rapport de charge
R
rapport entre la charge minimale F (3.19) et la charge maximale F (3.8) en un cycle (3.1)
min max
Note 1 à l'article: Il est calculé à l’aide de:
F
min
R=
F
max
3.7
plage de charge
ΔF
différence entre la charge maximale F (3.8) et la charge minimale F (3.9) en un cycle (3.1)
max min
Note 1 à l'article: Elle est exprimée en Newtons (N).
3.8
charge maximale
F
max
valeur la plus élevée de la charge appliquée, en Newtons (N), en un cycle (3.1)
3.9
charge minimale
F
min
valeur la plus faible de la charge appliquée, en Newtons (N), en un cycle (3.1)
3.10
distance d’entaille
L
min
distance minimale entre l’entaille et le système de serrage
Note 1 à l'article: Elle est exprimée en millimètres (mm).

3.11
longueur de fissure initiale cible
a *
ini
profondeur cible de l’entaille tranchante à partir de la surface de l’éprouvette jusqu’à la pointe de l’entaille
après l’entaillage, avant l’essai
Note 1 à l'article: Elle est exprimée en millimètres (mm).
3.12
diamètre initial du ligament cible
D *
ini
diamètre du ligament cible de l’éprouvette cylindrique après l’entaillage, avant l’essai
Note 1 à l'article: Il est exprimé en millimètres (mm).
Note 2 à l'article: Il est calculé à l’aide de D * = D – 2 a *
ini ini
3.13
gamme de contrainte cible
Δσ *
différence cible entre la contrainte maximale et la contrainte minimale au début de l’essai
Note 1 à l'article: Elle est exprimée en mégapascals (MPa).
3.14
diamètre de l’éprouvette
D
diamètre de l’éprouvette cylindrique mesuré avant l’essai et après l’entaillage au voisinage de l’emplacement
de l’entaille
Note 1 à l'article: Il est exprimé en millimètres (mm).
3.15
longueur de l’éprouvette
L
longueur totale de l’éprouvette
Note 1 à l'article: Elle est exprimée en millimètres (mm).
3.16
gamme de contrainte
Δσ
différence appliquée entre la contrainte maximale et la contrainte minimale au début de l’essai
Note 1 à l'article: Elle est exprimée en mégapascals (MPa).
3.17
forme d’onde
forme de la courbe charge-temps en un seul cycle (3.1)
3.18
rayon de l’éprouvette de référence
r
réf
rayon de l’éprouvette (r = D /2), donné dans la norme de produit ou l’exigence
réf réf
Note 1 à l'article: Il est utilisé pour le recalcul après l’essai à l’aide de l’Annexe A.
Note 2 à l'article: Il est exprimé en millimètres (mm).

3.19
diamètre de l’éprouvette de référence
D
réf
diamètre de l’éprouvette (D = 2r ), donné dans la norme de produit ou l’exigence
réf réf
Note 1 à l'article: Il est utilisé pour le recalcul après l’essai à l’aide de l’Annexe A.
Note 2 à l'article: Il est exprimé en millimètres (mm).
3.20
longueur de fissure initiale de référence
a
ini-réf
profondeur de l’entaille tranchante, donnée dans la norme de produit ou l’exigence
Note 1 à l'article: Elle est utilisée pour le recalcul après l’essai à l’aide de l’Annexe A.
Note 2 à l'article: Elle est exprimée en millimètres (mm).
3.21
gamme de contrainte de référence
Δσ
0-réf
différence entre la contrainte maximale et la contrainte minimale calculées à l’aide de la Formule (A.3) basée
sur le diamètre de l’éprouvette de référence et la longueur de fissure initiale de référence
Note 1 à l'article: Elle est exprimée en mégapascals (MPa).
3.22
facteur d’intensité de contrainte de référence
ΔK
I-réf
différence entre le facteur d’intensité de contrainte minimale et maximale calculée à l’aide de la Formule (A.1)
basée sur le diamètre de l’éprouvette de référence et la longueur de fissure initiale de référence
0,5
Note 1 à l'article: Il est exprimé en mégapascals par racine carrée de mètres (MPa m ).
4 Principe
Un essai de traction cyclique avec une plage de charge constante est imposé à une éprouvette cylindrique
dans des conditions d’essai appropriées dans la gamme de contrainte où la SCG est atteinte. Une entaille
circonférentielle est usinée au centre de l’éprouvette pour permettre l’initiation des fissures et la SCG jusqu’à
la rupture finale de l’éprouvette. Le nombre de cycles jusqu’à la rupture finale, N , est enregistré en fonction
f
de la gamme de contrainte, Δσ , à la longueur de fissure initiale, a . La géométrie de l’éprouvette garantit
0 ini
une initiation rapide de la fissure et des temps d’essai courts en raison de la contrainte élevée et des faibles
déformations plastiques le long de la pointe de la fissure.
5 Appareillage
5.1 Machine d’essai
5.1.1 Système de chargement
Le système de chargement doit être capable d’imposer et d’enregistrer une charge cyclique.
La charge cyclique doit suivre une forme d’onde sinusoïdale qui est caractérisée par la charge maximale,
F , et le rapport de charge, R. Les valeurs de charge maximale et minimale doivent être constantes (mode
max
de contrôle de la charge) pendant tout l’essai avec une exactitude de ±1 %.
La fréquence des cycles de chargement doit avoir une exactitude de ±1 %.

5.1.2 Mors
Les mors doivent être adaptés pour serrer des éprouvettes cylindriques. Ils doivent garantir que la
répartition des charges est alignée avec l’axe de l’éprouvette.
5.1.3 Enceinte thermostatée
Pour les essais à basse ou haute température, la machine d’essai doit être équipée d’une enceinte appropriée
qui contient l’environnement et assure une exposition complète de l’éprouvette. L’enceinte doit être
construite avec des matériaux qui n’affectent pas l’environnement et qui ne sont pas affectés par celui-ci.
La température de l’environnement doit être contrôlée de manière à maintenir les éprouvettes à ±2 °C de la
température spécifiée.
5.2 Microscope
Un microscope avec une exactitude de 0,03 mm ou un dispositif équivalent doit être utilisé pour déterminer
la longueur de fissure initiale une fois les essais cycliques terminés.
5.3 Équipement d’entaillage
Le dispositif utilisé doit être capable de produire une entaille tranchante de profondeur spécifiée sur la
circonférence de l’éprouvette cylindrique. Le rayon de la pointe de l’entaille produit doit être inférieur à
10 µm.
NOTE 1 Habituellement, les lames de rasoir répondent à cette exigence.
Un tour classique associé à un outil à lame de rasoir peut convenir à cet effet. La flexion de la lame de rasoir
doit être évitée et un entaillage perpendiculaire à l’axe de l’éprouvette doit être assuré. Il est recommandé
d’utiliser un support de lame de rasoir où la longueur libre de la lame de rasoir pour l’entaillage est limitée à
environ 2 mm pour des profondeurs d’entaille de 1,4 mm.
6 Éprouvette
6.1 Géométrie et dimensions de l’éprouvette
La Figure 1 présente la configuration de l’éprouvette de barre ronde fissurée (CRB). Une barre cylindrique de
longueur, L, et de diamètre, D, est préparée avec une entaille tranchante circonférentielle d’une profondeur
de a * (longueur de fissure initiale cible) au milieu de l’éprouvette, ce qui donne un diamètre initial du
ini
ligament cible, D *.
ini
Les dimensions de l’éprouvette doivent être comme spécifié dans le Tableau 1. La fissure initiale doit être
perpendiculaire à l’axe de l’éprouvette.
Pour éviter les effets de serrage à la pointe de la fissure, la distance d’entaille, L , doit au moins être située
min
à 20 mm des mors.
Tableau 1 — Dimensions de l’éprouvette
Dimension
Paramètre
mm
L longueur de l’éprouvette 80 à 120
D diamètre de l’éprouvette 14,0 ± 0,15
a * longueur de fissure initiale cible 1,40
ini
distance minimale entre l’entaille et le
L ≥ 20
min
système de serrage
La partie de l’éprouvette destinée au serrage peut être filetée, par exemple avec un filetage métrique fin
M 14 × 1,0, auquel cas des mors adaptés doivent être utilisés.
NOTE 1 Les contraintes résiduelles peuvent entraîner une flexion de l'éprouvette, ce qui peut influencer les résultats
de l'essai. Il est possible de réduire au minimum cette flexion en prélevant l'éprouvette à l'endroit où la contrainte
résiduelle est la plus faible, par exemple au centre de la paroi du tube.
Légende
L longueur de l’éprouvette
L distance minimale entre l’entaille et le système de serrage
min
a * longueur de fissure initiale cible
ini
D * diamètre initial du ligament cible
ini
D diamètre de l’éprouvette
1 entaille tranchante
Figure 1 — Configuration principale de l’éprouvette CRB avec filetage métrique fin facultatif
6.2 Préparation des éprouvettes
Les éprouvettes doivent être usinées à partir de plaques moulées par compression, de barreaux extrudés ou
directement à partir de tubes ou de raccords. L’utilisation de conditions de mise en œuvre différentes peut
affecter les résultats. Les conditions recommandées pour le moulage par compression des éprouvettes sont
indiquées dans l’Annexe B pour le PE, l’Annexe C pour le PP et l’Annexe D pour le PA-U.
Les éprouvettes doivent être usinées conformément à l’ISO 2818.
6.3 Entaillage de l’éprouvette
Les éprouvettes doivent être entaillées à une température ambiante de (23 ± 2) °C à l’aide d’un appareil
d’entaillage conforme à 5.3. Pour éviter un échauffement par frottement pouvant entraîner des dommages
à la pointe de l’entaille tels que l’émoussement et l’introduction de contraintes résiduelles, sélectionner
une vitesse d’entraînement et une avance suffisamment faibles. Les valeurs favorables pour l’entaillage de
l’éprouve
...