ISO/IEC TR 20002:2012

TECHNICAL ISO/IEC
REPORT TR
First edition
2012-12-01
Information technology —
Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems — Managed
P2P: Framework
Technologies de l'information — Télécommunications et échange
d'informations entre systèmes — Réseaux pair-à-pair géré: Cadre
général
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2012
©  ISO/IEC 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) . 2
5 Concept of Peer-to-Peer networking . 3
5.1 Characteristics of P2P network . 3
5.2 Classification of P2P network . 4
6 Problem statement . 5
6.1 Problems in the network-side . 6
6.2 Problems in the service-side . 6
6.3 Problems in the user-side . 6
7 Requirements of Managed P2P . 7
7.1 Traffic Management . 7
7.2 Cooperation Management . 9
7.3 Contents Management . 10
7.4 Service Management . 11
7.5 Resource Management . 12
7.6 P2P User Management . 13
7.7 Distribution Management . 14
7.8 P2P Network Management. 15
8 MP2P framework . 18
8.1 Domains . 18
8.2 Entities . 19
8.3 High-level information flows . 21
Annex A (informative) There are various types of P2P-based service and applications. This annex
describes some major P2P-based applications and use cases for managed P2P . 33
Bibliography . 42

© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from
that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide to
publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and shall be subject to review
every five years in the same manner as an International Standard.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC TR 20002 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 6, Telecommunications and information exchange between systems.
iv © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) is distributed network architecture composed of participants (peer) sharing resources
without intervention from the central coordination instances. Due to the advantages of scalability and
performance, P2P has emerged as viable service architecture for the large-scale Internet applications such as
file distribution, multimedia streaming, etc. By combining the resources of each user devices, P2P network
can be automatically self-organized and be adapted to changes in peer populations while providing stable
services for content sharing and personal communications. However, the unmanaged characteristics of P2P
have caused various technical and social problems such as inefficient use of network, copyright issue, etc.
This technical report suggests approaches to solve such problems by defining manageability and enhanced
capability to the P2P through the definition of managed P2P (MP2P). This technical report identifies problems
of the P2P, identifies requirements for MP2P, and provides framework for MP2P.
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved v

TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 20002:2012(E)

Information technology — Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems — Managed P2P: Framework
1 Scope
This Technical Report:
 classifies problems of P2P networking;
 defines taxonomy and concept of managed P2P;
 specifies requirements to support managed P2P;
 specifies framework for managed P2P;
 specifies information flows to support various features of managed P2P.
This Technical Report does not define new P2P protocol or P2P-based applications. This Technical Report
does not define manageability features for interoperation with conventional P2P-based applications. The goal
of this Technical Report is to define a framework to provide manageability to the conventional P2P-based
application.
2 Normative references
None.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
Managed Peer-to-Peer (MP2P)
P2P with manageability features to manage the P2P-based service and P2P network by the P2P participants
such as P2P service provider, ISP, and peer
3.2
P2P Service Provider (P2PSP)
service provider providing a P2P-based service
3.3
Peer
equally privileged participant in the P2P network which has the capability to share its resources with other
participants
3.4
Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking
distributed networking composed of peers that share portion of the resources to be available to other peers
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved 1

3.5
Content Fragment
data unit in a content that is exchanged among peers in the P2P network. Content fragment can also be a unit
stored in the peer
3.6
Relay Peer
peer relaying data for other peer(s)
3.7
Contributing Peer
peer providing resources to other peer(s)
3.8
Consuming Peer
peer consuming resources from other peer(s)
3.9
Super Peer
peer providing distributed control over P2P network. In general, it has powerful resources compared to other
types of peers in the P2P network and is connected to the public network
4 Symbols (and abbreviated terms)
The following acronyms are used in this document.
ALTO Application-Layer Traffic Optimization
CAN Content Addressable Network
CAPEX Capital Expenditure
DHT Distributed Hash Table
ICE Interactive Connectivity Establishment
IETF Internet Expert Task Force
ISP Internet Service Provider
MP2P Managed Peer-to-Peer
NAT Network Address Translation
P2P Peer-to-Peer
P2PSP Peer-to-Peer Service Provider
STUN Session Traversal Utilities for NAT
TURN Traversal Using Relays around NAT
UPnP Universal Plug and Play
2 © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

5 Concept of Peer-to-Peer networking
A peer-to-peer (P2P) networking is a distributed networking that is composed of large number of individual
participants (called peers) that make a portion of their resources (such as processing power, disk storage or
network bandwidth) directly available to other participants in the P2P network, without the need of the central
coordination instances (such as servers or stable hosts). As opposed to traditional client-server architecture,
peers in the P2P networking have equal roles and act as a resource provider and a resource consumer. P2P
networking protocol provides a method for any two peers to communicate with one another. P2P network is
self-organized and is capable of adapting to failures and accommodates transient population of peers, while
maintaining acceptable connectivity and performance without requiring intermediation or support from a
centralized server or authority. P2P networking is highly distributed, highly scalable, and highly autonomous to
large numbers of peers. These characteristics shows advantages in services such as file-sharing, distributed
computing, and media streaming.

Figure 1 — P2P network
Figure 1 shows a P2P network in which the peers form an overlay network on top of the underlying physical
network. The application level routing is used to route data for P2P-based service. The architecture of P2P
network allows peers to create new service or application without the intervention from the network
infrastructure or central instance.
The peer-to-peer network should not be confused with concept of ad-hoc network, which is a self-configuring
infrastructureless network of mobile devices connected by wireless links. Ad-hoc networking involves wireless
devices to discover each other within the wireless range and to communicate in peer-to-peer fashion without
involving central access points. The P2P network is an application-level overlay network which is independent
of the underlying physical network, wired or wireless. The ad-hoc network is out of scope of this document.
5.1 Characteristics of P2P network
This clause describes the characteristics of P2P network.
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved 3

5.1.1 Distributed resource sharing
P2P architecture is different from the client-server architecture in which the contents or resources are provided
by single or small group of server. P2P allows peer to share its resources which includes contents, computing
power, connectivity, etc. Peers can participate in content dissemination or distributed computing such as
SETI@home. Shared resources are distributed across the network which enables peers to easily utilize the
resources.
In P2P, a single peer conducts both client function and server function. It acquires needed resource from
multiple peers through client function. It shares its resource with multiple peers through server function.
Since the resource can be found in multiple peers, it is resilient to failure as compared to the server-based
architecture. The distributed resources enable distributed parallel processing which leads to increase in
throughputs and performances.
5.1.2 Content-based routing
Content-based routing can be realized in the P2P networking, since the
...