ISO/TR 9241-380:2022

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 9241-380
First edition
2022-06
Ergonomics of human-system
interaction —
Part 380:
Survey result of HMD (Head-Mounted
Displays) characteristics related to
human-system interaction
Reference number
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Head-mounted displays (HMDs) . 2
5 Categories of HMDs.3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Categorized by virtual image . 5
5.2.1 VR type . 5
5.2.2 AR type . 5
5.2.3 MR type . 5
5.3 Categorized by virtual image formation . 6
5.3.1 Imaging display and optics . 6
5.3.2 Scanning type. 6
5.3.3 Light field fype . 6
5.3.4 Holographic display with waveguide type . 7
5.4 Categorized by ocularity . 8
5.4.1 Binocular . 8
5.4.2 Biocular . 9
5.4.3 Monocular . . 9
5.5 Categorized by physical configuration . 9
5.5.1 Eyeglasses type . 9
5.5.2 Placed on eyeglasses . 9
5.5.3 Frame plus optical device . 10
5.5.4 Goggles . 10
5.5.5 Smart phone with box . 10
5.5.6 Helmet mounted . 11
5.6 Categorized by system configuration . 11
5.6.1 Wireless HMD (standalone) . 11
5.6.2 Smart phone with special optics .12
5.6.3 Wired HMD .12
5.7 Categorized by physical input devices for HMD system .12
5.7.1 HMD System without external physical input devices .12
5.7.2 HMD System with external physical input devices .12
6 HMD human-system interaction characteristics .13
6.1 Optical characteristics . 13
6.1.1 General .13
6.1.2 Distance between eyes. 18
6.1.3 Distortion and aberration . 18
6.1.4 Inter-Ocular optical properties . 21
6.1.5 For AR/MR . 26
6.1.6 For AR .29
6.1.7 For AR, video see-through properties .30
6.1.8 For light field display .30
6.2 HMD system-related characteristics . 31
6.2.1 Time delay of HMD system (latency) . 31
6.2.2 Degree of freedom . 32
6.3 Other characteristics of HMD .33
6.3.1 Physical properties.33
6.3.2 Alignment .34
6.4 Physical conditions of a viewer .34
iii
6.4.1 Age . .34
6.4.2 Habituation . 35
6.4.3 Preference . 35
6.4.4 Duration . 35
6.4.5 Posture of a user . 35
6.5 Presence and immersion . 35
7 Visual induced motion sickness (VIMS) .35
7.1 General . 35
7.2 SSQ . 35
7.3 VIMS related factors . 36
8 Consideration .36
Annex A (informative) Visual Fatigue and Discomfort.37
Bibliography .39
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information
...