ISO 5158:2023

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5158
First edition
2023-01
Mobile financial services — Customer
identification guidelines
Services financiers mobiles — Lignes directrices relatives à
l'identification des clients
Reference number
© ISO 2023
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 3
5 General framework of customer identification for MFS . 4
5.1 Identity of an MFS customer . 4
5.2 Identification of an MFS customer . 5
5.3 Assurance levels . 6
6 Evaluation of multi-dimension identity AL . 7
6.1 Evaluation criteria for AL_U . 7
6.2 Evaluation criteria for AL_E . 7
6.2.1 General . 7
6.2.2 Identity evidences used in MFS environment . 8
6.2.3 Evaluation criteria of identity evidence ALs . 9
6.3 Evaluation criteria for AL_P . 10
6.4 Evaluation criteria for AL_W . 11
6.5 Evaluation criteria for AL_R . 11
7 Security and privacy considerations .12
7.1 Personal data protection of customer information .12
7.1.1 General privacy issues . .12
7.1.2 Biometrics-related vulnerabilities and privacy issues .12
7.2 Device side security .12
Annex A (informative) Security capabilities of mobile devices related to customer
identification.14
Annex B (informative) Case study of (e)KYC practices .16
Bibliography .22
iii
Foreword
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Financial Services, security.
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iv
Introduction
With the rapid penetration of mobile devices into every aspect of people’s daily lives, mobile financial
services (MFS) have emerged as a result of the convergence of financial industry and ICT technologies.
MFS provide people with convenient access to basic financial services, such as payments, and are
therefore a great attraction for financial inclusion.
Much effort has been made to use financial technologies (fintech) to reduce the cost and improve the
efficiency of financial services. “Electronic know your customer (eKYC)” is a typical example of such
fintech, and market demand is growing rapidly due to MFS. Traditional KYC procedures, which usually
require customers to visit a bank branch to enrol for financial services in person, are time-consuming,
inconvenient and not suitable for lightweight MFS. In contrast, eKYC can provide a more competitive
alternative, giving end users more convenient access to financial services and helping financial service
providers attract more users.
Customer identification is at the core of eKYC. A mobile device can provide access to a number of
information sources which can be used for customer identification, such as:
— text message;
— phone call;
— location-based services (LBS);
— microphone (voice print);
— camera (photo identity document, human face, motions);
— various sensors (fingerprint, motions);
— contact and contactless local interfaces (to external credential carriers); and
— internet connection (to third-party identity providers).
However, KYC requirements and practices, especially online or remote eKYC, vary widely in different
jurisdictions. The identity evidence collected through a mobile device and the identity established
based on this evidence can differ greatly in terms of trustworthiness and assurance. The industry needs
a commonly-agreed standard to guide it on how to choose proper customer identification solutions for
MFS according to different KYC requirements. This document establishes such a common standard by
defining assurance levels (ALs) for identity evidence and corresponding identities in the context of MFS.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5158:2023(E)
Mobile financial services — Customer identification
guidelines
1 Scope
This document provides guidelines for customer identification in mobile financial services (MFS),
including:
— a general framework of customer identification for MFS;
— the multi-dimensional overall identity assurance level (AL) of an MFS customer and its evaluation
criteria;
— security and privacy considerations.
This document also contains annexes which demonstrate how to apply the ALs in practice, through (e)
KYC use cases in different regions, for example.
This document is applicable to various kinds of MFS providers, including but not limited to commercial
banks and third-party payment service providers.
This document is applicable to identifying natural persons. Identifying legal entities, known as (e)KYB,
is out of the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12812-1, Core banking — Mobile financial services — Part 1: General framework
ISO/IEC 24760-1, IT Security and Privacy — A framework for identity management — Part 1: Terminology
and concepts
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12812-1, ISO/IEC 24760-1 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
assurance level
AL
amount of assurance obtained according to the specific scale used by the assurance method
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19792:2009, 4.1.1, modified — Note 1 to entry removed.]
3.2
biometrics
automated recognition of individuals based on their behavioural and biological characteristics
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19784-1:2018, 4.17]
3.3
customer
person or business that has contracted with a mobile financial services provider (MFSP) in order to
use mobile financial services (MFS)
Note 1 to entry: Only customers who are natural persons are covered by this document.
[SOURCE: ISO 12812-1:2017, 3.12, modified — Note 1 to entry added.]
3.4
evidence issuer
identity information provider or identity information authority (3.7) which issues the identity evidence
3.5
identity
set of attributes related to an entity
Note 1 to entry: The entity is a natural person in this document.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 24760-1:2019, 3.1.2, modified — Notes to entry replaced.]
3.6
identity assurance level
IAL
parameter used to describe the amount of assurance in a subscriber’s identity (3.5) obtained by a
credential service provider
Note 1 to entry: IAL1 indicates that there is no requirement to link the applicant to a specific real-life identity.
Note 2 to entry: IAL2 indicates that evidence supports the real-world existence of the claimed identity and
verifies that the applicant is appropriately associated with this real-world identity.
Note 3 to entry: IAL3 requires physical presence.
[SOURCE: NIST SP -800 -63A: 2019, 2.2, modified.]
3.7
identity information authority
IIA
entity related to a particular domain responsible for the life cycle management of trusted identities,
which can make provable statements on the validity and/or correctness of one or more attribute values
in an identity (3.5)
Note 1 to entry: An identity information authority is typically associated with the domain, for instance the
domain of origin, in which the attributes, which the identity information authority can make assertions on, have
a particular significance.
Note 2 to entry: The activity of an identity information authority is usually subject to a policy on privacy
prote
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