ISO 23795-1:2022

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23795-1
First edition
2022-05
Intelligent transport systems —
Extracting trip data using nomadic
and mobile devices for estimating
CO emissions —
Part 1:
Fuel consumption determination for
fleet management
Systèmes de transport intelligents — Extraction des données de
voyage via des dispositifs nomades et mobiles pour l'estimation des
émissions de CO —
Partie 1: Détermination de la consommation de carburant pour la
gestion de la flotte
Reference number
© ISO 2022
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Method for fuel consumption determination for fleet management .3
5.1 Introduction . 3
5.2 Conventions of applied Newtonian physics . 3
5.3 Explanation . 5
5.4 Relevance of energy equation for nomadic devices . 5
5.5 Example of the presented methodology . 6
Annex A (informative) Concept for implementation.10
Annex B (informative) Application of the method in a use case study — Examples and
results .20
Bibliography .31
iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23795 series can be found on the ISO website.
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iv
Introduction
This document has been established to define the monitoring of energy consumption based on
measured speed profiles from a vehicle in motion compared to a virtual vehicle driving with defined
speed reference cycles.
The service uses in-vehicle nomadic and mobile devices and a client server architecture where the
dynamic speed profile per second is evaluated with fixed vehicle configuration parameters inside the
server. With the near real-time communication between the nomadic device (ND) and the server, the
results of the calculation can also be made visible to the driver during the trip for eco-drive purposes.
The application allows NDs to become a measurement tool for quantifying the energy contributions
and inertia forces of a moving vehicle in units of [%] relative to the virtual vehicle moving along the
reference cycles.
This document can be used by fleet operators, logistic service providers, public transport operators
and eco-drive trainers to develop applications which allow the measurement (in units of [%]) of the
energy consumption in litres of gasoline or diesel equivalent (in joules or kWh), relative to the energy
consumption of a given standard vehicle.
The methodology also optimizes carbon emission calculations using standard energy consumption
without being calibrated to the real trip behaviour of a moving vehicle. This solution has been
successfully implemented in the public-private partnership research and development (R&D) projects
listed in Table 1:
Table 1 — List of public-private partnership R&D projects
Name Full name Duration
LCMM Low Carbon Mobility Management co-funded by the: Federal 2010 - 2014
Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
https://energypedia.info/wiki/Emission_Data_Monitoring_Technology
AEOLIX Architecture for European Logistics Information eXchange 09/2016 – 08/2019
https://aeolix.eu/
CO-GISTICS Deploying Cooperative Logistics 01/2014 – 05/2016
https://cogistics.eu/
ESA European-wide mobility, safety and efficiency management for 12/2013 – 01/2017
logistics enterprises
https://business.esa.int/projects/eu-wide-mobility-safety-efficiency-management-logistics
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23795-1:2022(E)
Intelligent transport systems — Extracting trip data
using nomadic and mobile devices for estimating C0
emissions —
Part 1:
Fuel consumption determination for fleet management
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of fuel consumption and resulting CO
emissions to enable fleet managers to reduce fuel costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a
sustainable manner. The fuel consumption determination is achieved by extracting trip data and
speed profiles from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver of a nomadic device (ND),
by sending it via mobile communication to a database server and by calculating the deviation of the
mechanical energy contributions of:
a) aerodynamics,
b) rolling friction,
c) acceleration/braking,
d) slope resistance and
e) standstill,
relative to a given reference driving cycle in [%]. As the mechanical energy consumption of the reference
cycle is known by measurement with a set of static vehicle configuration parameters, the methodology
enables drivers, fleet managers or logistics service providers to calculate and analyse fuel consumption
and CO emissions per trip by simply collecting trip data with a GNSS receiver included in an ND inside
a moving vehicle. In addition to the on-trip and post-trip monitoring of energy consumption (fuel, CO ),
the solution also provides information about eco-friendly driving behaviour and road conditions for
better ex-ante and ex-post trip planning. Therefore, the solution also allows floating cars to evaluate the
impact of specific traffic management actions taken by public authorities with the objective of achieving
GHG reductions within a given road network.
The ND is not aware of the characteristics of the vehicle. The connection between dynamic data
collected by the ND and the static vehicle configuration parameters is out of scope of this document.
This connection is implementation-dependent for a software or application using the described
methodology which includes static vehicle parameters and dynamic speed profiles per second from the
ND.
Considerations of privacy and data protection of the data collected by a ND are not within the scope
of this document, which only describes the methodology based on such data. However, software and
application developers using the methodology need to carefully consider those issues. Nowadays, most
countries and companies are required to be compliant with strict and transparent local regulations on
privacy and to have the corresponding approval boards and certification regulations in force before
bringing new products to the market.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
nomadic device
device that provides communications connectivity via equipment such as cellular telephones, mobile
wireless broadband (WIMAX, HC-SDMA, etc.), WiFi, etc. and includes short range links, such as
Bluetooth, Zigbee
Note 1 to entry: Nomadic devices do not necessarily implement ITS-specified security, e.g., hardware security
module.
[SOURCE: ISO 13111-1:2017, 3.1.14 — modified. Definition shortened and Note 1 to entry added.]
3.2
privacy
choice made by the vehicle owner to grant information access for a special tool or user, or if the data
should be used in the vehicle/off-board systems or not
Note 1 to entry: The privacy/authorization information is kept as master information off-board and synchronized
to the on-board V-ITS-S.
[SOURCE: ISO 13185-3:2018, 3.4]
4 Abbreviated terms
Abbreviated term Definition
API acceleration performance index
EPI energy performance index
EUDC extra-urban driving cycle
GHG greenhouse gas
GNSS global navigation satellite system
GPS global positioning system
HC-SDMA high capacity - spatial division multiple access
HDT heavy duty truck
HDV heavy duty vehicle
IoT internet of things
ITS intelligent transport system
ITS-S ITS-station
KPI key performance indicator
LCMM low carbon mobility management
LCV light commercial vehicle
LPH litre per 100 km
ND nomadic device
R&D research and development
STS standstill
UDC urban driving cycle
Abbreviated term Definition
V-ITS-S vehicular and personal ITS station
vLPH virtual litre per 100 km based on the [%] deviation of
real and reference speed profiles
WiFi wireless ethernet (technology based on IEEE 802.11
standards)
WiMAX worldwide interoperability for microwave access
WLTP worldwide harmonized light vehicles procedure
5 Method for fuel consumption determination for fleet management
5.1 Introduction
To implement the method for fuel consumption determination for fleet management as specified in the
present document, the descriptions in the subsequent subclauses shall be respected. The informative
Annex A presents a concept for the implementation of the method.
5.2 Conventions of applied Newtonian physics
This document is based on the conventions of applied Newtonian physics in the context of the energy
and fuel consumption equation as described in detail in Reference [6].
Formula (1) shows the distance consumption of fuel, Φ, in grams per metre (g/m) for vehicles either
in motion with speed, v, at v > 0 or standing still with v = 0,
...