IEC 60730-2-23:2025

IEC 60730-2-23 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Automatic electrical controls –
Part 2-23: Particular requirements for electrical sensors and sensing elements

Dispositifs de commande électrique automatiques –
Partie 2-23: Exigences particulières pour les capteurs électriques et les éléments
sensibles
ICS 97.120  ISBN 978-2-8327-0412-7

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– 2 – IEC 60730-2-23:2025 © IEC 2025
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 General . 11
5 Required technical information . 14
6 Protection against electric shock . 15
7 Provision for protective earthing . 15
8 Terminals and terminations . 15
9 Constructional requirements . 15
10 Threaded parts and connections . 16
11 Creepage distances, clearances and distances through solid insulation . 16
12 Components . 16
13 Fault assessment on electronic circuits. 17
14 Moisture and dust resistance . 17
15 Electric strength and insulation resistance . 17
16 Heating . 17
17 Manufacturing deviation and drift . 17
18 Environmental stress . 17
19 Endurance . 17
20 Mechanical strength . 21
21 Resistance to heat, fire and tracking . 21
22 Resistance to corrosion . 21
23 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements – Emission . 21
24 Normal operation . 21
25 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements – Immunity . 21
26 Abnormal operation tests . 22
Annex H (normative) Requirements related to functional safety . 23
Annex J (normative) Requirements for thermistor elements and controls using
thermistors . 31
Bibliography . 32

Figure 101 – Schematic diagram of a typical sensor . 8
Figure H.101 – Typical flammable vapor sensor test chamber (side view external wall) . 28
Figure H.102 – Typical flammable vapor sensor test chamber (side view internal
cutout) . 28
Figure H.103 – Typical flammable vapor sensor test chamber (top view) . 29

Table 101 – Samples and test sequence for sensors . 12
Table 102 – Electrical and thermal ratings of a sensor . 13
Table 1 – Required technical information and methods of providing these information . 14
Table 103 – Number of cycles for endurance test . 19

Table H.101 – Calibration tests and compliance criteria for sensors . 24
Table H.102 – Calibration classes for sensors . 25
Table H.103 – Temperature/relative humidity conditions . 29
Table H.104 – Specifications for vapour measurement test equipment . 29
Table H.105 – Specifications for vapour measurement test chamber . 30

– 4 – IEC 60730-2-23:2025 © IEC 2025
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
AUTOMATIC ELECTRICAL CONTROLS –

Part 2-23: Particular requirements for electrical sensors and
sensing elements
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
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Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60730-2-23 has been prepared by IEC technical Committee 72: Automatic electrical
controls. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
72/1477/FDIS 72/1481/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.

This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60730 series, under the general title: Automatic electrical controls,
can be found on the IEC website.
This part 2-23 is intended to be used in conjunction with IEC 60730-1. It was established on the
basis of the publication of the sixth edition of IEC 60730-1:2022.
This part 2-23 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in 60730-1:2022, so as to
convert that publication into the IEC standards: Safety requirements for electrical sensors and
sensing elements.
When a particular subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this Part 2, that subclause applies.
Where no change is necessary, this part 2-23 indicates that the relevant clause or subclass in
IEC 60730-1 applies.
In this publication:
1) The following print types are used:
– test specifications: in italic type;
2) Subclauses, notes or items which are additional to those in Part 1 are numbered starting
from 101, additional annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc.
3) Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3.
Sensor manufacturers may refer to this Part 2 as a template to understand how to apply the
relevant clauses in IEC 60730-1 and to begin designing sensors and sensing elements and
apply these requirements for their devices.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
– 6 – IEC 60730-2-23:2025 © IEC 2025
AUTOMATIC ELECTRICAL CONTROLS –

Part 2-23: Particular requirements for electrical sensors and
sensing elements
1 Scope
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
Replacement:
This part of IEC 60730 applies to the safety of electrical, electro-mechanical and electronic
sensors including sensing elements and any conditioning circuitry. Sensors covered under
the scope of this document serve only to transform an activating quantity into a usable output
and do not perform a control operation as defined in IEC 60730-1.
This document applies to sensors in so far as defining the reliability and accuracy of their
inherent operating characteristics and corresponding response under normal and abnormal
conditions within the sensor. Sensors, as defined herein, are used in or as part of an automatic
electrical control or as independently mounted devices in connection with controls and control
systems.
The use of this document for other applications in which sensors are used is possible provided
that the appropriate safety is maintained as defined by the end product standard. This document
applies to discrete sensors constructed of, but not limited to, conductive or semiconductive
substrate, for the detection of activating quantities such as voltage, current, temperature,
pressure, humidity, light (e.g. optical), gasoline vapours, and the like.
NOTE 1 Future consideration will be given to other sensor technologies such as chemical, mechanical and micro-
electromechanical systems (MEMS), along with other activating quantities like mass flow, liquid, movement, weight,
vibration, or other as needed.
This document applies to sensing element(s) as well as any electronic hardware, software, or
other conditioning circuits that are inherent to the sensor and relied upon to reliably transform
the input signal into a useable response signal (output) for functional safety purposes.
Conditioning circuits that are inseparable from the control for which the sensing element relies
upon to perform its desired function are evaluated by the requirements of the relevant control
Part 2 standard and/or IEC 60730-1.
NOTE 2 Additional requirements can be also applied by the application standard in which the sensor is used.
Throughout this document, whenever it is indicated that the IEC 60730-1 requirements are
applicable, the term "control(s)", is replaced by the term "sensor(s)", and the term "equipment"
is replaced by the term "control", as they are used in IEC 60730-1, respectively, unless
otherwise specified herein.
This document does not apply to sensors explicitly described in another relevant part 2 of the
IEC 60730 series.
NOTE 3 For example, a flame sensor as described in IEC 60730-2-5.

2 Normative references
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
Addition:
IEC 60730-1:2022, Automatic electrical controls – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60751:2022, Industrial platinum resistance thermometers and platinum temperature
sensors
3 Terms and definitions
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
3.1 Definitions relating to ratings, voltages, currents, frequencies, and wattages
Additional definition:
3.1.101
signal
physical variable quantity one or more parameters of which carry information about one or more
variable quantities
Note 1 to entry: These parameters are designated "information parameters".
Note 2 to entry: This entry was numbered 351-21-51 in IEC 60050-351:2006.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-351:2013, 351-41-17]
3.2 Definitions of types of control according to purpose
Additional definitions:
3.2.101
sensor
device that embodies a sensing element, which is directly affected by the activating quantity,
and which generates a signal related to the value of the activating quantity and can also include
an auxiliary sensor circuit, and/or signal conditioner
Note 1 to entry: When the term "sensor" is used throughout this document in a general way, it refers to all types of
sensors unless otherwise noted. See example in Figure 101.

– 8 – IEC 60730-2-23:2025 © IEC 2025

Figure 101 – Schematic diagram of a typical sensor
3.2.102
temperature sensor
device designed to respond to temperature providing a usable signal
Note 1 to entry: Example include thermocouples, resistance temperature detector (RTD), etc.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2020, 426-20-44, modified – "an electrical signal or mechanical
operation" has been replaced with " a usable signal", a Note to entry has been added.]
3.2.103
gasoline vapour sensor
device designed to respond to the presence of a specific concentration of gasoline vapour(s)
providing a usable signal
Note 1 to entry: Gasoline vapour sensors can detect flammable or non-flammable gasoline vapours.
3.2.104
pressure sensor
device designed to respond to pressure of gas(es) or liquid(s) providing a usable signal
3.2.105
optical sensor
device designed to respond to light providing a usable signal
3.2.106
humidity sensor
device designed to respond to humidity providing a usable signal
Note 1 to entry: Humidity sensors usually have two sensing elements within the sensor. One to measure the
moisture and the other to measure temperature.
3.2.107
current sensor
device designed to respond to the electrical current providing a usable signal
3.2.108
voltage sensor
device designed to respond to voltage providing a usable signal
Note 1 to entry: A voltage sensor can perform other integral functions as part of the output signal such as to
calculate and/or monitor the voltage of an object.

3.3 Definitions relating to the function of controls
3.3.4 to 3.3.9 Not applicable.
3.3.15 Not applicable.
3.3.24 Not applicable.
3.3.29 Modification:
Replace "switch head" with "sensing element or sensor".
3.3.31 Not applicable.
3.4 Definitions relating to disconnection and interruption
Not applicable.
3.5 Definitions of types of control according to construction
3.5.3 and 3.5.4 Not applicable.
3.5.6 to 3.5.12 Not applicable.
3.8 Definitions relating to component parts of controls
Replacement:
3.8.1
sensing element
functional device that senses the effect of a measurand at its input and places a corresponding
measurement (electrical) signal at its output
Note 1 to entry: In general, a sensing element does not include an enclosure, or any signal conditioning circuits.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-351:2013, 351-56-26, modified – "unit" has been replaced by "device",
"(electrical)" has been added after "measurement".]
3.13 Miscellaneous definitions
Additional definition:
3.13.101
humidity
quantity representing the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere, or in a gas, relative to the
temperature of the air or gas
– 10 – IEC 60730-2-23:2025 © IEC 2025
3.15 Definitions pertaining to thermistors
Replacement of definitions in Part 1, Annex J:
J.3.15.2
PTC thermistor
thermally sensitive semiconductor resistor that exhibits a non-linear change in its electrical
resistance with a change in temperature resulting in an increase in resistance with increasing
temperature over the useful portion of the resistance/temperature (R/T) characteristic
Note 1 to entry: PTC thermistors also exhibit a decreasing resistance with applied voltage as a secondary effect.
Note 2 to entry: For a PTC thermistor, the significant portion of the resistance/temperature characteristic is usually
the portion in which a step-like increase in resistance occurs in a temperature increment, usually preceded by a
gradual change in resistance at lower temperatures, and a similar gradual change at temperatures above the step-
like increase. The resistance/temperature characteristic of some PTC thermistors can take on a negative slope after
a slight gradual increase following the step-like increase.
J.3.15.3
NTC thermistor
thermally sensitive semiconductor resistor that exhibits a non-linear change in its electrical
resistance with a change in temperature resulting in a decrease in resistance with increasing
temperature over the useful portion of the resistance/temperature characteristic
J.3.15.7
beta value
β value
NTC thermistor's index, which expresses the degree of resistance change when calculated
from any two points specified by the manufacturer on the resistance/temperature (R/T) curve
J.3.15.14
resistance
R
min
for a ceramic PTC thermistor, point of minimum resistance on the R/T curve
J.3.15.15
rated resistance
R or R
x 25
resistance at a temperature specified by the manufacturer for R or at 25 °C ± 2 K for R
x 25
J.3.15.16
switching resistance
R
sw
for a PTC thermistor, resistance value at which the resistance begins to increase sharply
with temperature increase
Note 1 to entry: For this standard, R is the value where the resistance is twice R , unless the manufacturer
sw min
with reference to R with a multiplying factor other than two, or with reference to R
specifies R
sw min x
J.3.15.18
switching temperature
T
sw
for a PTC thermistor, temperature at which the resistance is at R
sw
J.3.15.21
thermal runaway temperature
T
R
high temperature point on the R/T curve at which a PTC thermistor’s resistance no longer
increases with increasing temperature

Additional definitions:
3.15.101
ceramic PTC
CPTC
PTC thermistor made of doped polycrystalline ceramic material
3.15.102
polymeric PTC
PPTC
PTC thermistor made of non-conductive crystalline organic polymer matrix impregnated with
carbon black particles
Additional subclause:
3.101 Definitions relating to resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensors
3.101.1
temperature coefficient of resistance
α value
relative change in resistance over the temperature range of 0° to 100 °C
Note 1 to entry: The alpha value is the temperature coefficient for the specific material and composition of the RTD
element.
4 General
This clause of Part 1 is applicable
4.3 General notes on tests
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
4.3.2.7 Replacement:
Unless otherwise specified in this standard, the minimum and/or maximum rates of change in
activating quantity shall be declared in requirement 31 of Table 1. The rates shall be used in
Clause 19 of this document.
4.3.3 Samples required
Replacement:
Unless otherwise specified, representative samples as indicated in Table 101 shall be subjected
to the relevant tests based on the technology used for the sensing element. New samples shall
be used for all tests other than the overload and endurance tests.

– 12 – IEC 60730-2-23:2025 © IEC 2025
Table 101 – Samples and test sequence for sensors
f
Conditioning tests Ageing HCH O/L END CTC TC EMC Other
Vib
a a
Number of samples per test 3 3 3 3 3 1
3 3
Technology Semiconductor technology
and type of
sensors
c b d
Gasoline vapour X X n/a X X X
X X
Thermistor:
Polymeric PTC (PPTC) X X X X X X n/a n/a n/a
Ceramic PTC (CPTC) X X X X X X n/a n/a n/a
NTC X X X X X X n/a n/a n/a
Pure/doped metal technology
RTD (Pt, Cu, Ni) X X X X X X n/a n/a n/a

e
Electronic technology
d d d
Current X X X X X X
d d d
Voltage X X X X X X
d
Pressure X X X X X X X X
d
Humidity X X X X X X X X
Optical technology
d
Infrared
Explanation of abbreviations:
Ageing – Ageing test, see 19.101.2
HCH Heat-cold-humidity test, see 19.101.3
O/L Overload test, see 19.101.4.1
END Endurance test, see 19.101.4.2
CTC Cold thermal cycling test, see .101.5
Vib Vibration test, see 19.101.6
TC Thermal cycling test, see 19.101.7
EMC Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements– Immunity. Applicable to electronic sensors and
integrated electronic components, see Clause H.25
OTHER Tests described in Clause 19 that are specific to the type of sensor, as applicable.
The calibration tests of Clause H.17 shall be conducted before and after each of the above tests.
a
The same three samples shall be used for both the overload and endurance tests.
b
Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test (see H.25.9) and electrostatic discharge test (see H.26.10) are
applicable. Additional EMC testing can be applicable depending on the technology and as agreed between the
test house and manufacturer.
c
For gasoline vapour sensors, see also 19.101.8.
d
Under consideration.
e
Excludes nano-technologies (MEMS).
f
Vibration only applies to sensors declared as Type 2 action.

4.3.4 Instructions for test
4.3.4.1 According to submission
4.3.4.1.4 Replacement:
Sensors not submitted in or with a control are tested separately in accordance with the
manufacturer’s specifications and declarations of Table 1.
4.3.4.1.5 Not applicable.
4.3.4.2 According to rating
4.3.4.2.1 Not applicable.
4.3.4.2.11 Replacement:
The electrical and thermal ratings of a sensor shall be in accordance with Table 102 and based
on its intended application.
Table 102 – Electrical and thermal ratings of a sensor
Characteristic Semiconductors Pure/doped metal Electronic sensors
PTC NTC sensor RTD Thermo Current voltage Pressure Humidity
sensor sensors meters
Beta value (β) - R -
Calibration class R R R - R R
number
Rated resistance – R R - -
R and tolerance,
ohms
Maximum sensing R R R R R R R R
range of activating
quantity
Switching R - - -
temperature (T ), °C
sw
Resistance – R °C - - -
O
and tolerance, ohms
Alpha value (α) - - R R
RTD tolerance class  X X
and tolerance
Rated I/O current (A)   R R R
Rated I/O voltage (V ) R R R  R R R
r
The "R" designation indicates ratings for the device that are required to be provided by the manufacturer.
The "X" designates ratings that are declared by the manufacturer and verified.

4.3.4.5 According to purpose
4.3.4.5.4 Replacement:
Based on the type of sensors and the particular application, sensors shall be subjected to the
applicable tests noted in Table 101 and the calibration tests of Clause H.17, whichever applies.

– 14 – IEC 60730-2-23:2025 © IEC 2025
Additional subclauses:
4.101 According to chemical composition
When necessary, sensors shall be classified according to the chemical composition and make-
up.
5 Required technical information
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
Table 1 – Required technical information and methods
of providing these information
Information Clause or subclause Method
Modifications:
6 Purpose of sensor 3.2, 4.3.4.2, 4.3.4.5 D or E
8 Not applicable
15 Not applicable
19 Not applicable
20 Not applicable
21 Not applicable
22 Not applicable
30 Not applicable
37 Not applicable
47 Not applicable
53 Not applicable
68 Not applicable
70 Not applicable
72 Not applicable
73 Not applicable
86 Not applicable
87 Not applicable
Additional items:
Table 101 X
101 According to the type of sensor technology
a) semiconductor
b) pure/doped metal
c) electronic
d) optical
17, H.17 X
102 Calibration specifications
17, 19, H.17 X
103 Calibration specifications, drift
104 Number of cycles 19.101.4.2, Table 103 X
105 Method of measurement 17 X
106 Declared for non-safety operation in the application 17 X
107 Declared for exposure to water 19.101.3.1 D or E
19.101.6 D or E
108 Vibration
109 Drop test 20.101 X
Information Clause or subclause Method
110 According to use of the sensor
a) PTC or NTC or RTD (Pt, Cu, Ni) temperature sensor 3.15.101, 3.15.102, 3.101.1 X
b) Current/voltage sensor 3.2.107, 3.2.108 X
c) Gasoline vapour sensor 3.2.103 X
d) Pressure sensor 3.2.104 X
e) Optical (Infrared) sensor 3.2.105 X
111 Maximum sensing or operating temperature of the sensor 19.101.2 X
112 Ambient temperature if declared below 0 °C 19.101.3 X
113 Concentration of gasoline vapor 19.101.8.2.2 X
114 Immersion depth of thermometers H.17.104.1 X
115 Chemical composition 4.101 X
Additional footnotes:
The calibration characteristics shall be expressed in the form of a curve, a table or various operating points and
shall include the declared deviation.
Additional declarations can be made at intermediate numbers of cycles for the test of 19.101.4.2.
Combination of technology classification is permissible.
Vibration only applies to sensors declared as Type 2 action.

6 Protection against electric shock
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
7 Provision for protective earthing
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
8 Terminals and terminations
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
9 Constructional requirements
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
9.2.8 Overcurrent protection
Not applicable.
9.3 Actuation and operation
Not applicable, except as follows.
9.3.4 Setting by the manufacturer
Addition:
NOTE 101 Examples of settings can be adjusting set points of the output characteristics or range of the sensor.

– 16 – IEC 60730-2-23:2025 © IEC 2025
9.4 Actions
Not applicable, except as follows.
Additional subclause:
9.4.101 A sensor which is used as a safety or protective device in an application shall be
classified as type 2 action if it is a mechanical or electromechanical device and as Class B or
C control function if it is an electronic device.
NOTE An example of a safety or protective sensor incorporated in an application is a temperature sensor that
provides temperature cut-out function or a current sensor that provides current limiting function in a non-limited
energy circuit.
9.10 Equipment inlets and socket-outlets
Not applicable.
9.11 Requirements during mounting, use, maintenance and servicing
This subclause is applicable, except as follows.
9.11.6 Pull-cords
Not applicable.
9.13 Protective controls and components of protective control systems
This subclause is applicable, except as follows.
9.13.2 Pressure limiting devices
Not applicable.
9.13.3 Temperature monitoring devices
Not applicable.
9.13.5 Smart enabled controls
Not applicable.
10 Threaded parts and connections
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
11 Creepage distances, clearances and distances through solid insulation
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
12 Components
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
12.8.2 Not applicable.
13 Fault assessment on electronic circuits
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
14 Moisture and dust resistance
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
15 Electric strength and insulation resistance
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
15.1 Insulation resistance
15.1.1 Modification:
Add a second paragraph after the opening paragraph as follows.
For integrated or incorporated sensors, the insulation resistance between electric circuits to
the sheath of cable connected sensors or sensor assemblies where insulating material is used
to either additionally secure the lead connections or maintain the micro-environment shall be
adequate.
16 Heating
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
17 Manufacturing deviation and drift
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
18 Environmental stress
This clause of Part 1 is not applicable.
19 Endurance
Replacement:
19.101 Conditioning tests for sensors
19.101.1 Environmental conditioning tests
19.101.1.1 After the appropriate tests of 19.101.2 to 19.101.6 inclusive, the performance of
the sensor shall not be affected, and it shall function as intended and declared. Compliance is
checked by the appropriate tests of Clause H.17 depending on the type of sensor.
19.101.1.2 For mains connected sensors or insulated sensors, the electric strength test of
Clause 15 shall be applied before and after each of the conditioning tests. See Table 101.

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19.101.2 Ageing test
19.101.2.1 Three non-energized samples of a sensor or sensing element shall be
conditioned in an air-circulating oven, oil bath or an equivalent test apparatus for 1 000 h at a
temperature of 30 K above the declared maximum sensing or maximum operating temperature,
see item 111 of Table 1. In any case, the temperature shall not be less than 70 °C. The
temperature of the heat source shall be maintained within ±5 K of the temperature specified for
the test. The temperature of the heat source shall be monitored within the area in which the
samples are being tested.
If specified by the manufacturer and agreed by the testing authority, a lower test temperature
is allowed based on the technology and design limitations of the sensor or sensing element.
19.101.2.2 After completion of the ageing test of 19.101.2.1, the samples are subjected to the
appropriate tests of Clause H.17.
The compliance criteria shall be in in accordance with Table H.101 and Table H.102.
19.101.3 Heat-cold-humidity test
19.101.3.1 Three non-energized samples of a sensor or sensing element shall be subjected
to three complete cycles in the sequence specified in a) or b):
a) Indoor temperature use:
1) 24 h immersed in water at 25 °C, for sensors or sensing element declared for exposure
to water, see item 107 of Table 1;
2) 24 h at the maximum declared operating temperature. In any case, the temperature shall
not be less than 70 °C; unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer and agreed by
the test house, a lower test temperature shall be allowed based on the technology and
design limitations of the sensor or sensing element. The temperature of the oven, oil
bath or equivalent test apparatus shall be maintained within ±5 K of the temperature
specified for the test. The temperature shall be monitored within the area in which the
samples are being tested;
3) 168 h in a non-condensing atmosphere having a relative humidity of 90 % to 95 % at
40 °C; and
4) 8 h at 0 °C or at the manufacturer's declared ambient temperature, requirement 112 of
Table 1, whichever is lower.
b) Outdoor temperature use:
1) 24 h immersed in water at 25 °C, for sensors or sensing element declared for exposure
to water, see item 107 of Table 1;
2) 8 h at minus 35 °C or at the manufacturer's declared ambient temperature, see 112 of
Table 1, whichever is lower;
3) 24 h at the maximum declared operating temperature. In any case, the temperature shall
not be less than 70 °C; unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer and agreed by
the test house, a lower test temperature shall be allowed based on the technology and
design limitations of the sensor or sensing element. The temperature of the oven, oil
bath or equivalent test apparatus shall be maintained within ±5 K of the temperature
specified for the test. The temperature of the heat source shall be monitored within the
area in which the samples are being tested; and
4) 168 h in a non-condensing atmosphere having a relative humidity of 90 % to 95 % at
40 °C.
19.101.3.2 After completion of the heat-cold-humidity test of 19.101.3.1, the samples are
subjected to the appropriate tests of Clause H.17.
The compliance criteria shall be in accordance with Table H.101 and Table H.102.

19.101.4 Overload (over temperature)/endurance test
19.101.4.1 Overload test
Three samples shall be mounted and operated as intended for 50 cycles consisting of starting
with the sample thermally stabilized at 25 °C ± 5 K or the minimum declared sensing or minimum
operating temperature, whichever is lower and increasing the temperature to 20 K ± 2 K of the
maximum declared sensing temperature. The rate of change of the activating quantity shall be
as declared.
If specified by the manufacturer and agreed by the testing authority, a lower test temperature
is allowed based on the technology and design limitations of the sensor or sensing element.
19.101.4.2 Endurance test
19.101.4.2.1 The three samples that have been subjected to the overload test of 19.101.4.1
shall be operated as intended for the number of cycles as specified in Table 103.
Table 103 – Number of cycles for endurance test
Type of application Number of test cycles
Sensor not intended for use in a functional safety circuit 6 000 or as declared, whichever is higher
Sensor intended for use in a functional safety circuit 100 000 or as declared, whichever is higher

19.101.4.2.2 Each cycle shall consist of starting with the sample thermally stabilized at 25 °C
±5 K or the minimum declared sensing or minimum operating temperature, whichever is lower,
and increasing the temperature to the maximum declared sensing temperature. The rate of
change of the activating quantity shall be as declared.
If specified by the manufacturer and agreed by the testing authority, the rate of change of the
activating quantity can be altered to complete the testing in a reasonable time based on the
technology and design limitations of the sensor or sensing element.
19.101.4.3 After completion of the overload/endurance test of 19.101.4, the samples are
subjected to the appropriate tests of Clause H.17.
The compliance criteria shall be in accordance with Table H.101 and Table H.102.
19.101.5 Cold thermal cycling test
19.101.5.1 Three samples shall be subjected to 1 000 cycles of cold thermal cycling. Each
cycle shall start at 0 °C or at the manufacturer's specified T , whichever is lower, to the
min
maximum declared sensing temperature. The rate of change of the activating quantity shall be
as declared.
19.101.5.2 After completion of the cold thermal cycling test of 19.101.5.1, the samples are
subjected to the appropriate tests of Clause H.17.
The compliance criteria shall be in accordance with Table H.101 and Table H.102.
19.101.6 Vibration test
19.101.6.1 Three unenergized samples shall be mounted as intended in a vibration test
equipment.
– 20 – IEC 60730-2-23:2025 © IEC 2025
The samples shall be vibrated over the frequency range of 10 Hz to 500 Hz with a forcing
2 2
acceleration of 20 m/s to 30 m/s , unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer (see item
108 of Table 1). The frequency range shall be swept at a rate of one octave per minute for a
total period of 150 h. The vibration shall be applied to the samples in axial and transverse
directions each for one-half of the total period. The frequency and nature of any resonance shall
be noted and limited to the first harmonic. The electrical continuity shall be monitored
continuously.
NOTE This test is intended to mechanically stress the construction of the sensor. Exam
...