IEC 62484:2020

IEC 62484 ®
Edition 2.0 2020-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Radiation protection instrumentation – Spectrometric radiation portal monitors
(SRPMs) used for the detection and identification of illicit trafficking of
radioactive material
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IEC 62484 ®
Edition 2.0 2020-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Radiation protection instrumentation – Spectrometric radiation portal monitors

(SRPMs) used for the detection and identification of illicit trafficking of

radioactive material
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.280 ISBN 978-2-8322-8873-3

– 2 – IEC 62484:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols, quantities and units . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbols . 10
3.3 Quantities and units . 11
4 Design requirements . 11
4.1 General . 11
4.1.1 Overview . 11
4.1.2 Pedestrian monitor . 14
4.1.3 Road vehicle monitor . 14
4.1.4 Rail vehicle monitor (includes rail transported containers) . 14
4.1.5 Package (or conveyor) monitor . 14
4.2 Physical configuration . 14
4.3 Spectral identification and count rate information . 15
4.4 Indication features . 15
4.5 Occupancy and speed sensors . 16
4.6 Markings . 16
4.7 Protection of switches . 16
4.8 Energy and count rate range . 16
4.9 Data transfer . 16
4.10 User interface . 16
4.10.1 Audible (sound) alarm . 16
4.10.2 Visual indicators . 16
4.10.3 Warning indicators . 17
4.10.4 Basic controls and functions . 17
4.10.5 Advanced indications and functions . 17
5 General test procedures . 18
5.1 General test conditions . 18
5.1.1 Nature of tests . 18
5.1.2 Standard test conditions . 18
5.1.3 Statistical fluctuations . 18
5.2 Reference neutron radiation for alarm testing. 19
5.3 Alarm categorization . 19
5.4 General requirements for testing radionuclide identification ability . 19
5.5 Functionality test . 20
5.5.1 General . 20
5.5.2 Pre-test measurements . 21
5.5.3 Intermediate (during test) measurements . 21
5.5.4 Post-test measurements . 21
6 Radiation detection requirements . 21
6.1 Stability test . 21
6.1.1 Requirements . 21
6.1.2 Method of test. 21

6.2 Neutron radiation detection, if provided . 22
6.2.1 Requirements . 22
6.2.2 Method of test. 22
6.3 Gamma over-range indication . 22
6.3.1 Requirements . 22
6.3.2 Method of test. 22
6.4 Detection of neutron radiation in a high gamma field . 23
6.4.1 Requirements . 23
6.4.2 Method of test – large road vehicle and multiple-sided rail vehicle
monitors . 23
6.4.3 Method of test – all other types of monitors . 23
6.5 Background effects . 23
6.5.1 Requirements . 23
6.5.2 Method of test. 24
6.6 Radionuclide identification . 24
6.6.1 Radionuclide library and identification categorization . 24
6.6.2 Radionuclide identification qualification . 25
6.6.3 Single radionuclide identification . 25
6.6.4 Simultaneous radionuclide identification . 26
6.6.5 Alarm without identification . 27
7 Climatic requirements . 27
7.1 General . 27
7.2 Ambient temperature. 27
7.2.1 Requirements . 27
7.2.2 Method of test. 27
7.3 Relative humidity . 28
7.3.1 Requirements . 28
7.3.2 Method of test. 28
7.4 Dust and moisture protection . 28
7.4.1 Requirements . 28
7.4.2 Method of test – Dust . 28
7.4.3 Test method – Moisture . 28
7.5 Climatic exposure type test . 29
7.5.1 Requirements . 29
7.5.2 Method of test. 29
8 Mechanical requirements . 29
8.1 Vibration . 29
8.1.1 Requirements . 29
8.1.2 Method of test. 29
8.2 Microphonics/Impact . 30
8.2.1 Requirements . 30
8.2.2 Method of test. 30
9 Electric and electromagnetic requirements . 30
9.1 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) . 30
9.1.1 Requirements . 30
9.1.2 Method of test. 30
9.2 Radio frequency (RF) . 30
9.2.1 Requirements . 30
9.2.2 Method of test. 30

– 4 – IEC 62484:2020 © IEC 2020
9.3 Radiated RF emissions . 31
9.3.1 Requirements . 31
9.3.2 Method of test. 31
9.4 Conducted disturbances. 31
9.4.1 Requirements . 31
9.4.2 Method of test. 31
9.5 Surges and oscillatory waves . 31
9.5.1 Requirements . 31
9.5.2 Method of test. 31
9.6 Line voltage and frequency fluctuations . 32
9.6.1 Requirements . 32
9.6.2 Method of test. 32
10 Documentation . 32
10.1 Operation and maintenance manual . 32
10.2 Test certificate . 33
10.3 Declaration of conformity . 33
Annex A (informative) Identification of uranium and plutonium . 36
Bibliography . 37

Figure 1 – Example of a two-sided system . 12

Table 1 – Standards for instrumentation used to detect illicit trafficking of radioactive
and nuclear materials . 7
Table 2 – Speed of moving sources . 13
Table 3 – Evaluation distances for different applications . 13
Table 4 – Standard test conditions . 18
Table 5 – Test radionuclides . 20
Table 6 – Test materials . 20
Table 7 – Test result analysis . 21
Table 8 – Radionuclide library . 24
Table 9 – Radionuclide categorisation . 24
1,2
Table 10 – Identification acceptance criteria . 25
Table 11 – Summary of performance requirements – Informative . 33
Table 12 – Environmental requirements – Informative . 35
Table A.1 – Uranium and plutonium detection and identification guidance . 36

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION –
SPECTROMETRIC RADIATION PORTAL MONITORS (SRPMS) USED
FOR THE DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ILLICIT
TRAFFICKING OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL

FOREWORD
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62484 has been prepared by subcommittee 45B: Radiation
protection instrumentation, of IEC technical committee 45: Nuclear instrumentation.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 62484 issued in 2010. This
edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) title modified;
b) making the standard consistent with the new standards for detection of illicit trafficking of
radioactive material (see the Introduction);
c) creating unformed functionality test for all environmental, electromagnetic and mechanical
tests and a requirement for the coefficient of variation of each nominal mean reading;

– 6 – IEC 62484:2020 © IEC 2020
d) reference to IEC 62706 for the environmental, electromagnetic and mechanical test
conditions;
e) adding information regarding climatic exposures.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
45B/969/FDIS 45B/971/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
INTRODUCTION
Illicit and inadvertent movement of radioactive materials has become a problem of increasing
importance. Radioactive sources out of regulatory control, so-called "orphan sources", have
frequently caused serious radiation exposures and widespread contamination. Although illicit
trafficking of nuclear and other radioactive materials is not a new phenomenon, concern about
a nuclear "black market" has increased in the last few years particularly in view of its terrorist
potential.
In response to the technical policy of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the
World Customs Organization (WCO) and the International Criminal Police Organization
(Interpol) related to the detection and identification of special nuclear materials and security
trends, nuclear instrumentation companies are developing and manufacturing radiation
instrumentation to assist in the detection of illicit movement of radioactive and special nuclear
materials. This type of instrumentation is widely used for security purposes at nuclear
facilities, border control checkpoints, and international seaports and airports.
However, to ensure that measurement results made at different locations are consistent, it is
imperative that radiation instrumentation be designed to rigorous specifications based upon
agreed performance requirements stated in international standards. Several IEC standards
have been developed to address body-worn, hand-held and portal instruments, see Table 1.
Table 1 – Standards for instrumentation used to detect illicit
trafficking of radioactive and nuclear materials
Type of IEC
Title of the standard
instrumentation number
Radiation protection instrumentation – Alarming Personal Radiation Devices (PRD)
for detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material
Radiation protection instrumentation – Spectroscopy-Based Alarming Personal
Body-worn 62618
Radiation Devices (SPRD) for detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material
Radiation protection instrumentation – Backpack-type radiation detector (BRD) for
detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material
Radiation protection instrumentation – Hand-held instruments for the detection and
62327 identification of radionuclides and for the estimation of ambient dose equivalent
rate from photon radiation
Portable or
Radiation protection instrumentation – Highly sensitive hand-held instruments for
hand-held 62533
photon detection of radioactive material
Radiation protection instrumentation – Highly sensitive hand-held instruments for
neutron detection of radioactive material
Radiation protection instrumentation – Installed radiation portal monitors (RPMs)
for the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive and nuclear materials
Portal
Radiation protection instrumentation – Spectrometric radiation portal monitors
62484 (SRPMs) used for the detection and identification of illicit trafficking of radioactive
material
Radiation protection instrumentation – Vehicle-mounted mobile systems for the
Mobile 63121
detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials
Radiation protection instrumentation – Data format for radiation instruments used
Data format 62755
in the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials

– 8 – IEC 62484:2020 © IEC 2020
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION –
SPECTROMETRIC RADIATION PORTAL MONITORS (SRPMS) USED
FOR THE DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ILLICIT
TRAFFICKING OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL

1 Scope
This document defines the performance requirements of installed monitors used for the
detection and identification of gamma emitters and the detection of neutron radiation emitters.
These monitors are commonly known as spectrometric radiation portal monitors or SRPMs.
They are used to monitor vehicles, cargo containers, people, or packages and are typically
used at national and international border crossings and ports of entry. SRPMs may be used at
any location where there is a need for this type of monitoring.
This document establishes the general, radiological, climatic, mechanical, electric and
electromagnetic and documentation requirements and associated test methods. A summary of
the performance requirements is provided in Table 11. An informative listing of environmental
requirements from IEC 62706 is provided in Table 12.
This document does not apply to the performance of non-spectroscopic portal monitors
covered in IEC 62244.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-395, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 395: Nuclear
instrumentation: Physical phenomena, basic concepts, instruments, systems, equipment and
detectors
IEC 60068-2-5, Environmental testing – Part 2-5: Tests – Test S: Simulated solar radiation at
ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering
IEC 62706, Radiation protection instrumentation – Recommended climatic, electromagnetic
and mechanical performance requirements and methods of tests
IEC 62755, Radiation protection instrumentation – Data format for radiation instruments used
in the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials
IAEA-TECDOC-1311: September 2002, Prevention of the inadvertent movement and illicit
trafficking of radioactive materials

3 Terms and definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols, quantities and units
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions, as well as those given
in IEC 60050-395, apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
alarm
audible, visual, or other signal activated when the instrument reading exceeds a pre-set
value, falls outside of a pre-set range, or when the instrument detects and/or identifies the
presence of the source of radiation according to a pre-set condition
3.1.2
coefficient of variation
COV
statistical measure of the dispersion of data points in a data series around the mean of those
data points expressed in %
s
COV ×100
x
where:
s is the standard deviation of the dispersion of the data points;
x is the mean of the data points.
3.1.3
confidence indication
indication provided by the monitor on the reliability assigned to the determined identification
3.1.4
detection assembly
component of the SRPM that contains the detectors and associated electronic devices
3.1.5
detection zone
location where radiation emitted by an object or person being monitored may be detected by
the detection assembly(s)
Note 1 to entry: For two-sided SRPMs, the detection zone is located between detection assemblies; for single-
sided SRPMs, the detection zone is adjacent to the front face of the detection assembly.
3.1.6
evaluation distances
distance between an evaluation test source and the exterior surface of the detection
assembly(s) that faces the detection zone (see Figure 1)
3.1.7
false alarm
alarm not caused by an increase in radiation level over background conditions
=
– 10 – IEC 62484:2020 © IEC 2020
3.1.8
false identification
misinterpretation of data being measured by a system leading to the incorrect identification of
radionuclide(s) that are present or the identification of radionuclides that are not present
3.1.9
international protection marking
IP
degrees of protection provided by enclosures
3.1.10
live time
time interval during which a detection assembly is sensitive to the input signal
3.1.11
occupancy
when an object such as a person, vehicle, package, or container is in the detection zone
3.1.12
peripheral device
any device connected to the system other than the detector or detection assembly that is not
required for operation
3.1.13
radioactive material
in this document, radioactive material includes special nuclear material and any radioactive
source, unless otherwise specifically noted
3.1.14
run time
real time
duration (i.e., elapsed clock time) of the acquisition of the spectrum or other data
3.1.15
static mode
when the object being monitored is stationary within the detection zone for the monitoring
period
3.1.16
transient mode
when the object being monitored passes through the detection zone
3.1.17
type test
conformity test of one or more items representative of the production device
3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbols
COV coefficient of variation
ESD electrostatic discharge
DU depleted uranium
HEU highly enriched uranium
HDPE high density polyethylene
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IP international protection marking
LEU low enriched uranium
NORM naturally occurring radioactive material
PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
RF radio frequency
RH relative humidity
SNM special nuclear material
SRPM spectrometric radiation portal monitor
WGPu weapons grade plutonium
3.3 Quantities and units
In the present document, units of the International System (SI) are used . The definitions of
radiation quantities are given in IEC 60050-395.
The following units may also be used:
-19
• for energy: electron-volt (symbol: eV), 1 eV = 1,602 × 10 J;
• for time: years (symbol: y), days (symbol: d), hours (symbol: h), minutes (symbol: min);
• for temperature: degrees Celsius (symbol: ºC), 0 ºC = 273,15 K.
Multiples and submultiples of SI units are used, when practicable, according to the SI system.
4 Design requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Overview
The equipment addressed by this document shall detect the presence of gamma-ray emitting
sources, identify gamma-emitting radionuclide(s), and may detect neutron sources.
An indication shall be provided when the measurement results from the detection system
exceed an alarm criterion or pre-set condition (user selectable for radiation level or
identification result). Measurement occurs when the object passes through the detection zone
(transient mode) or with the object static within the detection zone where the user performs
controlled analyses of the object (i.e., enters collection time and/or activates the count to
obtain a spectrum).
Passage speeds for transient mode testing are stated in each applicable clause and
summarized in Table 2. Testing at different speeds may be performed as a special test upon
agreement between the manufacturer and user.
Monitors shall be capable of operating independently of any peripheral device or remote
station and shall be unaffected by any malfunction of a peripheral device.
According to its use, an SRPM can be classified as a:
– pedestrian monitor,
– small vehicle monitor,
– large road vehicle and rail monitors, or
– package or conveyor monitor.
_____________
th
International Bureau of Weights and Measures: The International System of Units, 8 edition, 2006.

– 12 – IEC 62484:2020 © IEC 2020
The detection zone is the area located adjacent to a single-sided detection assembly or
between two or more detection assemblies where the measurement of radiation takes place
(Figure 1). The size of the detection zone is based on the classification of use. If a monitor is
used in two or more classifications, its detection zone shall be appropriate for each
classification. The detection zone shall be of a size that ensures that all objects which could
move through the detection zone are monitored. The manufacturer shall state the SRPM
classification(s) for which the requirements stated in this document are met.
Operational conditions such as separation distance (distance between opposing detection
assemblies), object speed, and background radiation should be considered when installing
the monitor.
It is important to be able to identify the object that caused an alarm. The alarm should be
generated within a period of time to ensure that the object that caused an alarm can be
identified. This is important if complex algorithms are in place that need a finite process time.
It becomes more important if a constant stream of traffic is being monitored (e.g.,
pedestrians).
Key
1 Detection zone
2 Detection assembly
3 Ground surface
W Width of detection zone
H Height of detection zone
D Depth of detection zone
T Top
M Middle
B Bottom
Source movement
Figure 1 – Example of a two-sided system

The source movement speed and evaluation test distance for each monitor type in 4.1.2
through 4.1.5 are described in Table 2 and Table 3, respectively.
Table 2 – Speed of moving sources
Monitor classification Source speed
m/s
Pedestrian monitors 1,2 ± 0,12
Small vehicle 2,2 ± 0,22
Large road vehicle and rail monitors 1,2 ± 0,12
Package or conveyor monitor 1,0 ± 0,1

Table 3 – Evaluation distances for different applications
Detection Detection Detection
zone bottom zone middle zone top
Distance
from the from the from the
between
ground or ground or ground or
Monitor type detection Evaluation distance
floor floor floor
assemblies for
surface surface surface
testing
m m m
2 m or less
Single-sided
Source (1,0 ± 0,02) m from in case of
pedestrian N/A 0,05 1
detector height
monitors
restriction
(1,0 ± 0,02) m
apart measured
from the surface 2 m or less
Multiple-sided
of each Centred between detection in case of
pedestrian 0,05 1
detection assemblies height
monitors
assembly, or as restriction
stated by the
manufacturer
(3,0 ± 0,1) m
apart measured
from the surface
Small vehicle of each Centred between detection
0,2 1,25 2,5
monitors detection assemblies
assembly, or as
stated by the
manufacturer
(5,0 ± 0,1) m
apart measured
from the surface
Large road
of each Centred between detection
vehicle 0,2 2,25 4,5
detection assemblies
monitors
assembly, or as
stated by the
manufacturer
(6,0 ± 0,1) m
apart measured
from the surface
Multiple-sided
of each Centred between detection
rail vehicle 1 3 6
detection assemblies
monitors
assembly, or as
stated by the
manufacturer
Multiple-sided
As stated by As stated by As stated by
Package (or As stated by the Centred between detection
the the the
conveyor) manufacturer assemblies
manufacturer manufacturer manufacturer
monitor
– 14 – IEC 62484:2020 © IEC 2020
Detection Detection Detection
zone bottom zone middle zone top
Distance
from the from the from the
between
ground or ground or ground or
Monitor type detection Evaluation distance
floor floor floor
assemblies for
surface surface surface
testing
m m m
Single-sided
As stated by As stated by As stated by
Package (or Source (1,0 ± 0,02) m from
N/A the the the
conveyor) detector
manufacturer manufacturer manufacturer
monitor
4.1.2 Pedestrian monitor
Pedestrian SRPMs shall provide a detection zone to ensure that people are monitored.
Pedestrian SRPMs may use a single detection assembly (single-sided) or multiple directly
opposing detection assemblies (two-sided). If the height is restricted by the SRPM frame, the
top testing height of 2 m may be adjusted to allow test sources to pass through the detection
zone.
4.1.3 Road vehicle monitor
Road vehicle monitors are divided into two types, large and small. Small road vehicle SRPMs
typically monitor vehicles that are ≤ 2,5 m high. Large road vehicle SRPMs typically monitor
vehicles that are typically > 2,5 m high. Both types shall be two-sided.
4.1.4 Rail vehicle monitor (includes rail transported containers)
Rail vehicle SRPMs shall be two-sided. Rail vehicle SRPMs should have the ability to identify
an individual railcar that caused an alarm while monitoring an entire multi-car train.
4.1.5 Package (or conveyor) monitor
Package or conveyor SRPMs shall provide a detection zone to ensure that items moving
through the detection zone are monitored. Package or conveyor SRPMs may use a single
detection assembly or multiple detection assemblies with detectors across the top, bottom,
and/or side(s) of the detection zone. The detection zone is located adjacent to a detection
assembly for single sided conveyor SRPMs. For multiple detector conveyor SRPMs, the
detection zone is located between the detection assemblies.
4.2 Physical configuration
SRPMs may be designed for use in weather controlled or non-controlled environments. The
detection assemblies for road and rail vehicle monitoring may be subjected to vibration from
the passing of heavy vehicles. Mounting techniques (i.e., concrete pads) that are not
addressed by this document shall be designed to minimize the transfer of vibration and shock
conditions to the detection assemblies.
Controls and adjustments which affect calibration and alarm settings shall be designed to
ensure access to them is limited to authorised persons.
Provisions shall be made to permit testing of visual and/or audible warning indicators without
the use of radiation sources.
The SRPM shall have the ability to display operational status including, for example, loss of
power, low count rate, high count rate, unstable count rate, or other electronic failures for
each detector.
4.3 Spectral identification and count rate information
A displayed gamma-ray spectrum is not required during routine operation. The spectrum
display shall be available through manufacturer-defined user actions.
Each alarm data set shall contain the following collection and identification results in
accordance with IEC 62755:
– SRPM model and serial number
– Spectrum (spectra for multi-detector systems)
– Time and date
– Run time and live time
– Identified radionuclides and categories
– Occupancy time (when occupancy sensors are used, or the data collection time when
occupancy sensors are not used)
– Transient speed (if applicable)
– Alarm condition (gamma-ray and/or neutron)
– Background (gamma-ray and neutron count rate, and spectrum)
– Gamma-ray count rate during measurement
– Neutron count rate during measurement
– Video record or image (e.g., photo, license plate/vehicle registration number), if available.
SRPMs shall have the ability to:
– internally store at least 3 h of measurement data or 1 000 complete occupancy data sets
using a method that will prevent data loss in the event of loss of power;
– display gamma-ray and neutron count rate time-history data internally or on an external
device;
– perform identification measurements with an object static in the detection zone. This
selection of static or transient mode shall be user selectable. The recommended
measurement time for static mode shall be stated by the manufacturer and be user
selectable.
An indication shall be displayed or otherwise provided (i.e., "not identified", "unknown") if a
radionuclide cannot be identified during or after a measurement takes place that activated an
alarm.
If a confidence indication is associated with the identification of a radionuclide(s), the value(s)
shall be provided in the data set.
4.4 Indication features
The monitor shall provide an indication of its operational status and alarm condition and be
able to transmit these signals to remote stations. It shall be possible to select the visibility of
the status indication.
All alarm indicators shall automatically or manually reset as defined by the user. Radiation
alarm function shall be user selectable and include selection options such as count rate,
radionuclide identification, and/or radionuclide categorization.

– 16 – IEC 62484:2020 © IEC 2020
4.5 Occupancy and speed sensors
If SRPMs are equipped w
...